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apo-4'-lycopenal + NAD+ + H2O
apo-4'-lycopenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: the in vivo substrate of Ylo-1 is apo-4'-lycopenal rather than its cyclic isomer beta-apo-4'-carotenal
Products: -
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apo-8'-lycopenal + NAD+ + H2O
apo-8'-lycopenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
apo-8'-lycopenal + NAD+ + H2O
apo-8'-lycopenoic acid + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
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beta-apo-10'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-10'-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
beta-apo-10'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-10'-carotenoic acid + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
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beta-apo-4'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-4'-carotenoic acid + NADH + H+
Substrates: carD function substantiated by its targeted disruption in a Fusarium fujikuroi carotenoid-overproducing strain, which resulted in the loss of neurosporaxanthin and the accumulation of beta-apo-4'-carotenal
Products: beta-apo-4'-carotenoic acid i.e. neurosporaxanthin
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beta-apo-4'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
neurosporaxanthin + NADH + 2 H+
beta-apo-8'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
beta-apo-8'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
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apo-8'-lycopenal + NAD+ + H2O
apo-8'-lycopenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
apo-8'-lycopenal + NAD+ + H2O
apo-8'-lycopenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
beta-apo-10'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-10'-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
beta-apo-10'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-10'-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
beta-apo-4'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
neurosporaxanthin + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
beta-apo-4'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
neurosporaxanthin + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
beta-apo-8'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
beta-apo-8'-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
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Substrates: no substrate: retinal
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: C20-retinal i.e. beta-apo-15'-carotenal is not converted by carD enzymatic activity, indicating the requirement for a minimal length of the substrate chain
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: no substrates: nonanal, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, retinal
Products: -
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physiological function
dominating carotenoids in the Ylo mutant are 4'-apolycopene-4'-myristate and 4'-apo-gamma-carotene-4'-myristate. In vivo, the aldehyde intermediates 4'-apo-gamma-carotene-4'-al and 4'-apo-lycopene-4'-al do not accumulate substantially but are reduced instead to the corresponding alcohols, 4'-apolycopene-4'-ol and 4'-apo-gamma-carotene-4'-ol, and both further esterified with mainly myristic acid yielding 4'-apolycopene-4'-myristate and 4'-apo-gamma-carotene-4'-myristate
physiological function
enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway to neurosporaxanthin. First step is the cleavage of 3,4-didehydrolycopene into apo-4'-lycopenal by Cao2, which is then oxidized by YLO-1 to yield apo-4'-lycopenoic acid, the last intermediate in the pathway. The final step is then catalyzed by the cyclase activity of AL-2. An Ylo-1 mutant accumulates three major pigments, i.e. lycopene, apo-4'-lycopenal and apo-4'-lycopenol. The pigments accumulating in the Ylo-1 mutant are non-cyclic and represent lycopene and apolycopenoids, indicating that the in vivo substrate of Ylo-1 is apo-4'-lycopenal rather than its cyclic isomer beta-apo-4'-carotenal
physiological function
targeted disruption of CarD in a Gibberella fujikuroi carotenoid-overproducing strain results in the loss of neurosporaxanthin and the accumulation of beta-apo-4'-carotenal, its derivative beta-apo-4'-carotenol, and minor amounts of other carotenoids. Strains harboring the CarD mutation acquire a yellowish pigmentation
physiological function
Ylo-1 mutant strain exhibits a yellow colour, lacks neurosporaxanthin and accumulates several carotenes
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Estrada, A.F.; Maier, D.; Scherzinger, D.; Avalos, J.; Al-Babili, S.
Novel apocarotenoid intermediates in Neurospora crassa mutants imply a new biosynthetic reaction sequence leading to neurosporaxanthin formation
Fungal Genet. Biol.
45
1497-1505
2008
Neurospora crassa (Q1K615), Neurospora crassa
brenda
Estrada, A.F.; Youssar, L.; Scherzinger, D.; Al-Babili, S.; Avalos, J.
The ylo-1 gene encodes an aldehyde dehydrogenase responsible for the last reaction in the Neurospora carotenoid pathway
Mol. Microbiol.
69
1207-1220
2008
Neurospora crassa (Q1K615)
brenda
Diaz-Sanchez, V.; Estrada, A.F.; Trautmann, D.; Al-Babili, S.; Avalos, J.
The gene carD encodes the aldehyde dehydrogenase responsible for neurosporaxanthin biosynthesis in Fusarium fujikuroi
FEBS J.
278
3164-3176
2011
Fusarium fujikuroi (F6IBC7)
brenda
Sandmann, G.; Takaichi, S.; Fraser, P.
C35-apocarotenoids in the yellow mutant Neurospora crassa YLO
Phytochemistry
69
2886-2890
2008
Neurospora crassa (Q1K615), Neurospora crassa
brenda
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