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1,3-diaminopropane + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
?
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropanoate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropionic acid + NADH + H+
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
?
-
-
?
3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + O2
3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate + NADH
-
steady state bi bi mechanism with ordered addition of substrates and random release of products
-
ir
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-N-trimethylaminopropanoate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-N-trimethylaminopropionate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutanoate + NADH
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutanoate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyrate + NADH
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyrate + NADH + H+
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyric acid + NADH + H+
4-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-guanidinobutyrate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
?
-
-
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-N-trmethylaminobutanoate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
acetaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
acetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
aminoacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
aminoacetate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
benzoate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
benzoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + 2 H+
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
r
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADPH + H+
-
-
ir
butyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
butyrate + NADH
-
at 40% of the activity with betaine aldehyde
-
?
butyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
butyrate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
butyraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
butyrate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
DL-glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycerate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
glycerate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
formate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
formaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
formate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
?
-
-
?
glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycerate + NADH
-
at 30% of the activity with betaine aldehyde
-
?
glycine betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
glycine betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADPH
-
-
-
?
glycolaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycolate + NADH
glycolaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycolate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
glycolaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
glycolate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
isovaleraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
isovalerate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
isovaleraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
isovalerate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + NAD+ + H2O
pyruvate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + NADP+ + H2O
? + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
N-acetyl-4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
p-nitrobenzoate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
p-nitrobenzoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
phenyl acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
phenyl acetate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
phenyl acetaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
phenyl acetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
propionate + NADH
-
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
propionate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
propionate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
undecanal + NAD+ + H2O
undecanoate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
undecanal + NADP+ + H2O
undecanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
valeraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
valerate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
valeraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
valerate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

3-aminopropionic acid + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropionic acid + NADH + H+
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

?
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

?
-
-
-
?
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

4-aminobutyrate + NADH
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyrate + NADH
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyrate + NADH
-
no activity
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyrate + NADH
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyrate + NADH
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

4-aminobutyric acid + NADH + H+
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyric acid + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyric acid + NADH + H+
-
-
?
4-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

?
-
-
-
?
4-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

?
-
-
-
?
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

?
-
-
-
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

acetate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
-
at 20% of the activity with betaine aldehyde
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O

glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme catalyzes the final irreversible step in the synthesis of glycine betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
Amaranthus sp.
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the enzyme is involved in the metabolism of choline, induced during growth on choline
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the enzyme is involved in the metabolism of choline, induced during growth on choline
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
highly specific for betaine aldehyde
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme of the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the salt tolerance is an essential property for the enzyme participating in the cellular synthesis of an osmoprotectant
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
reverse reaction not detected
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
preferentially uses NADP+ over NAD+
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme catalyzes the last, irreversible step in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from choline, also obligatory step in the assimilation of carbon and nitrogen when bacteria are growing in choline or choline precursors
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
inducible enzyme accumulates in the presence of choline, acetylcholine or betaine in the medium
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
reverse reaction not detected
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
inducible enzyme accumulates in the presence of choline, acetylcholine or betaine in the medium
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the enzyme has an important function in the metabolism of choline to betaine, a major osmolyte. Betaine is also important in mammalian organisms as a major methyl group donor and nitrogen source
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the age-related acceleration in conversion of choline into betaine probably tends to diminish unesterified choline concentrations
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme is induced several-fold by salinization
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
equilibrium of the reaction strongly favours betaine formation
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme is induced several-fold by salinization
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
last step in betaine synthesis, a nontoxic or protective osmolyte under saline or dry conditions
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
accumulation of betaine is a strategy of plants to survive drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
regulates osmotic pressure and protects enzyme activities; the transgenic plants have a higher accumulation of betaine
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
the enzyme catalyzes the second step in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
the osmoprotective compound glycine betaine is produced from choline by two enzymes. Choline dehydrogenase oxidizes choline to betaine aldehyde and then further to glycine betaine, while betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase facilitates the conversion of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
more active on medium-chain aldehydes than on betaine aldehyde
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
belongs to the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase family, characterized by the typical aldehyde substrate binding domain
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
barley plants synthesize GB through catalytic reaction of the functional BADH protein, even though a large number of incorrectly processed BADH transcripts observed may considerably reduce the precise gene.
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
barley plants synthesize glycine betaine through catalytic reaction of the functional BADH protein, even though a large number of incorrectly processed BADH transcripts observe in this study may considerably reduce the precise gene
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
glycine betaine is not only an nontoxic osmoprotectant but also maintains protein and membrane conformations under various stress conditions
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
the appropriate level of glycine betaine may be regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Namely, the transcription is induced abundantly in response to the osmotic stresses, while the proper amount of precise gene products is balanced by posttranscriptional processing
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
the appropriate level of glycine may be regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels; namely, the transcription is induced abundantly in response to the osmotic stresses, while the proper amount of precise gene products is balanced by posttranscriptional processing
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
Results demonstrate that accumulation of glycine betaine in vivo in the chloroplast in tobacco plants by introducing the BADH gene for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from spinach resulted in increased tolerance of growth of young seedlings to salt stress. Furthermore results demonstrate that accumulation of glycine betaine in vivo leads to increased tolerance of CO2 assimilation to salt stress.
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
accumulated in many species in response to salt stress. It protects the cell by maintaining an osmotic balance with the environment and by stabilizing quaternary structure of complex proteins
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
glycine betaine synthesis; two-step oxidation involving choline monooxygenase and BADH
recombinant yeasts transformed with the two genes CMO and BADH exhibited higher tolerance to salt, methanol and high temperature stress.
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O

betaine + NADPH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
NAD+ is preferred over NADP+
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
preferentially uses NADP+ over NAD+
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
no activity with NAD+
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
no activity with NAD+
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
75% of the activity with NAD+
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH
-
25% of the maximal activity with NAD+
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O

betaine + NADPH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
-
more active on medium-chain aldehydes than on betaine aldehyde
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
-
low activity with NADP+
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
-
the enzyme has evolved a complex mechanism, involving several conformational rearrangements of the active site, to suit the reactivity of the essential thiol to the availability of dinucleotide and sunstrate
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
the enzyme is also active with NADP+, but the NAD-supported activity is at least 10times higher
-
?
glycolaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

glycolate + NADH
-
-
-
?
glycolaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycolate + NADH
-
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
no activity with succinic semialdehyde
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele badh2-E7, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele badh2-E7, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele badh2-E7, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele badh2-E7, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele, badh2-E2, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele, badh2-E2, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele, badh2-E2, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele, badh2-E2, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
?
additional information
?
-
dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. Because the absence of BADH2 protein results in fragrance, this suggests that Badh2 is not directly involved in biosynthesis. Alternative possibilities to explain the effect of BADH2 are that the BADH2 enzyme is involved in a competing pathway in which one of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline precursors serves as a BADH2 substrate or that BADH2 participates in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline catabolism. The intact 503 amino acid BADH2 encoded by the complete Badh2 gene inhibits 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis by converting 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas the absence of BADH2 due to nonfunctional badh2 alleles results in AB-ald accumulation and thus turns on the pathway toward 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis.
-
?
additional information
?
-
dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. Because the absence of BADH2 protein results in fragrance, this suggests that Badh2 is not directly involved in biosynthesis. Alternative possibilities to explain the effect of BADH2 are that the BADH2 enzyme is involved in a competing pathway in which one of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline precursors serves as a BADH2 substrate or that BADH2 participates in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline catabolism. The intact 503 amino acid BADH2 encoded by the complete Badh2 gene inhibits 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis by converting 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas the absence of BADH2 due to nonfunctional badh2 alleles results in AB-ald accumulation and thus turns on the pathway toward 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis.
-
?
additional information
?
-
dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. Because the absence of BADH2 protein results in fragrance, this suggests that Badh2 is not directly involved in biosynthesis. Alternative possibilities to explain the effect of BADH2 are that the BADH2 enzyme is involved in a competing pathway in which one of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline precursors serves as a BADH2 substrate or that BADH2 participates in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline catabolism. The intact 503 amino acid BADH2 encoded by the complete Badh2 gene inhibits 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis by converting 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas the absence of BADH2 due to nonfunctional badh2 alleles results in AB-ald accumulation and thus turns on the pathway toward 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis.
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. Because the absence of BADH2 protein results in fragrance, this suggests that Badh2 is not directly involved in biosynthesis. Alternative possibilities to explain the effect of BADH2 are that the BADH2 enzyme is involved in a competing pathway in which one of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline precursors serves as a BADH2 substrate or that BADH2 participates in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline catabolism. The intact 503 amino acid BADH2 encoded by the complete Badh2 gene inhibits 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis by converting 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas the absence of BADH2 due to nonfunctional badh2 alleles results in AB-ald accumulation and thus turns on the pathway toward 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis.
-
?
additional information
?
-
ALDH superfamily represents a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids
-
?
additional information
?
-
ALDH superfamily represents a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
various other C3-C6 amino acids
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme BADH1 catalyzes the oxidation of acetaldehyde efficiently, while the activity of isozyme BADH2 is extremely low
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde
-
?
additional information
?
-
BADH can also use as substrates aminoaldehydes and other quaternary ammonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds, thereby participating in polyamine catabolism and in the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyrate, carnitine, and 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
BADH can also use as substrates aminoaldehydes and other quaternary ammonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds, thereby participating in polyamine catabolism and in the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyrate, carnitine, and 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression in leaves increases with salt stress
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression in leaves increases with salt stress
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyrate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyric acid + NADH + H+
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
ir
additional information
?
-
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

4-aminobutyric acid + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyric acid + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O

glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

betaine + NADH
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme catalyzes the final irreversible step in the synthesis of glycine betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the enzyme is involved in the metabolism of choline, induced during growth on choline
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the enzyme is involved in the metabolism of choline, induced during growth on choline
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme of the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the salt tolerance is an essential property for the enzyme participating in the cellular synthesis of an osmoprotectant
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme catalyzes the last, irreversible step in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from choline, also obligatory step in the assimilation of carbon and nitrogen when bacteria are growing in choline or choline precursors
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
inducible enzyme accumulates in the presence of choline, acetylcholine or betaine in the medium
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
inducible enzyme accumulates in the presence of choline, acetylcholine or betaine in the medium
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the enzyme has an important function in the metabolism of choline to betaine, a major osmolyte. Betaine is also important in mammalian organisms as a major methyl group donor and nitrogen source
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
the age-related acceleration in conversion of choline into betaine probably tends to diminish unesterified choline concentrations
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme is induced several-fold by salinization
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
enzyme is induced several-fold by salinization
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
synthesis of betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH
-
last step in betaine synthesis, a nontoxic or protective osmolyte under saline or dry conditions
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
accumulation of betaine is a strategy of plants to survive drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
regulates osmotic pressure and protects enzyme activities; the transgenic plants have a higher accumulation of betaine
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
the enzyme catalyzes the second step in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
the osmoprotective compound glycine betaine is produced from choline by two enzymes. Choline dehydrogenase oxidizes choline to betaine aldehyde and then further to glycine betaine, while betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase facilitates the conversion of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
belongs to the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase family, characterized by the typical aldehyde substrate binding domain
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
barley plants synthesize GB through catalytic reaction of the functional BADH protein, even though a large number of incorrectly processed BADH transcripts observed may considerably reduce the precise gene.
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
barley plants synthesize glycine betaine through catalytic reaction of the functional BADH protein, even though a large number of incorrectly processed BADH transcripts observe in this study may considerably reduce the precise gene
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
glycine betaine is not only an nontoxic osmoprotectant but also maintains protein and membrane conformations under various stress conditions
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
the appropriate level of glycine betaine may be regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Namely, the transcription is induced abundantly in response to the osmotic stresses, while the proper amount of precise gene products is balanced by posttranscriptional processing
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
the appropriate level of glycine may be regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels; namely, the transcription is induced abundantly in response to the osmotic stresses, while the proper amount of precise gene products is balanced by posttranscriptional processing
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
ir
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
Results demonstrate that accumulation of glycine betaine in vivo in the chloroplast in tobacco plants by introducing the BADH gene for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from spinach resulted in increased tolerance of growth of young seedlings to salt stress. Furthermore results demonstrate that accumulation of glycine betaine in vivo leads to increased tolerance of CO2 assimilation to salt stress.
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
accumulated in many species in response to salt stress. It protects the cell by maintaining an osmotic balance with the environment and by stabilizing quaternary structure of complex proteins
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
glycine betaine synthesis; two-step oxidation involving choline monooxygenase and BADH
recombinant yeasts transformed with the two genes CMO and BADH exhibited higher tolerance to salt, methanol and high temperature stress.
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
glycine betaine + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O

betaine + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
betaine aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
betaine + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele badh2-E7, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele badh2-E7, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele badh2-E7, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele badh2-E7, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele, badh2-E2, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele, badh2-E2, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele, badh2-E2, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; the presence of a dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, the recessive allele, badh2-E2, induces 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. Because the absence of BADH2 protein results in fragrance, this suggests that Badh2 is not directly involved in biosynthesis. Alternative possibilities to explain the effect of BADH2 are that the BADH2 enzyme is involved in a competing pathway in which one of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline precursors serves as a BADH2 substrate or that BADH2 participates in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline catabolism. The intact 503 amino acid BADH2 encoded by the complete Badh2 gene inhibits 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis by converting 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas the absence of BADH2 due to nonfunctional badh2 alleles results in AB-ald accumulation and thus turns on the pathway toward 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis.
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. Because the absence of BADH2 protein results in fragrance, this suggests that Badh2 is not directly involved in biosynthesis. Alternative possibilities to explain the effect of BADH2 are that the BADH2 enzyme is involved in a competing pathway in which one of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline precursors serves as a BADH2 substrate or that BADH2 participates in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline catabolism. The intact 503 amino acid BADH2 encoded by the complete Badh2 gene inhibits 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis by converting 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas the absence of BADH2 due to nonfunctional badh2 alleles results in AB-ald accumulation and thus turns on the pathway toward 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis.
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. Because the absence of BADH2 protein results in fragrance, this suggests that Badh2 is not directly involved in biosynthesis. Alternative possibilities to explain the effect of BADH2 are that the BADH2 enzyme is involved in a competing pathway in which one of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline precursors serves as a BADH2 substrate or that BADH2 participates in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline catabolism. The intact 503 amino acid BADH2 encoded by the complete Badh2 gene inhibits 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis by converting 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas the absence of BADH2 due to nonfunctional badh2 alleles results in AB-ald accumulation and thus turns on the pathway toward 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis.
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
dominant Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. Because the absence of BADH2 protein results in fragrance, this suggests that Badh2 is not directly involved in biosynthesis. Alternative possibilities to explain the effect of BADH2 are that the BADH2 enzyme is involved in a competing pathway in which one of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline precursors serves as a BADH2 substrate or that BADH2 participates in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline catabolism. The intact 503 amino acid BADH2 encoded by the complete Badh2 gene inhibits 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis by converting 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas the absence of BADH2 due to nonfunctional badh2 alleles results in AB-ald accumulation and thus turns on the pathway toward 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis.
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ALDH superfamily represents a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ALDH superfamily represents a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression in leaves increases with salt stress
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression in leaves increases with salt stress
-
-
?
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(NH4)2SO4
-
mutant enzyme is less sensitive to inhibition than wild-type enzyme
3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde
-
at high concentrations
5,5'-dithiobis[2-nitrobenzoic acid]
-
the effect of the thiol reagent DTNB on the native enzyme structure of the wild type enzyme and the mutants is examined
Acetylcholine
-
10 mM, 18% inhibition
AgNO3
-
3 mM, 90-100% inhibition
benzaldehyde
-
1 mM, 51% inhibition
benzyltrimethylamine iodide
-
10 mM, 45% inhibition
bis[diethylthiocarbamyl]disulfide
-
the effect of the thiol reagent disulfiram on the native enzyme structure of the wild type enzyme and the mutants is examined
Butyrylcholine
-
100 mM, 73% inhibition
ethanolamine
-
100 mM, 35% inhibition
Glutaraldehyde
-
10 mM, 83% inhibition
glyceraldehyde
-
100 mM, 83% inhibition
H2O2
-
more than 50% inhibition at 0.1 mM H2O2, noncompetitive inhibition with respect to NAD+ or to betaine aldehyde at saturating concentrations of the other substrate at pH 7.0 or 8.0
Isobutanal
-
10 mM, 93% inhibition
isopentanal
-
1 mM, 84% inhibition
Isovaleraldehyde
-
wild-type enzyme shows stronger inhibition than the mutant enzyme
K+
-
1.0 mM, 35% inhibition
methyl methanethiosulfonate
methyl methanethiosulphonate
-
pH-dependence of the second-order rate constant of inactivation suggests that at low pH values the essential Cys exists as thiolate by the formation of an ion pair with a positively charged residue
methyl(bis-beta-chloroethyl)amine
-
-
Mg2+
-
0.4 M, complete inhibition
N,N-dimethylethanolamine
-
100 mM, 57% inhibition
N,N-dimethylglycine
-
1 mM, 24% inhibition
n-butylaldehyde
-
10 mM, 96% inhibition
N-Methylethanolamine
-
100 mM, 50% inhibition
N-methylglycine
-
1 mM, 24% inhibition
NAD(P)H
reversible inactivation
NADP+
-
substrate inhibition above 10 mM
NADPH
-
product inhibition
phenylacetaldehyde
-
1 mM, 54% inhibition
S-methyl-N,N-diethyldithiocarbamoyl sulfone
most potent irreversible inhibition in vitro at 0.05 mM, but no inhibition in situ
S-methyl-N,N-diethyldithiocarbamoyl sulfoxide
irreversible inhibition
S-methyl-N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl sulfone
irreversible inhibition
S-methyl-N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl sulfoxide
-
S-methylmethanesulfonate
-
the effect of the thiol reagent MMTS on the native enzyme structure of the wild type enzyme and the mutants is examined
sodium meta-arsenite plus 2,3-dimercaptopropanol
-
arsenite-BAL
tetraethylamine iodide
-
10 mM, 19% inhibition
tetramethylamine iodide
-
10 mM, 19% inhibition
tetramethylammonium hydroxide
-
100 mM, 57% inhibition
tetrapropylamine iodide
-
10 mM, 43% inhibition
trimethylacetaldehyde
-
100 mM, 89% inhibition
1,10-phenanthroline

-
-
1,10-phenanthroline
-
no inhibition at 1 mM
2,2'-dipyridyl

-
-
2,2'-dipyridyl
-
no inhibition at 3 mM
acetaldehyde

-
100 mM, 83% inhibition
acetaldehyde
-
10 mM, 69% inhibition
AMP

-
competitive with respect to NAD+ and mixed with betaine aldehyde and uncompetitive with respect to NAD+
AMP
-
competitive with respect to NAD+ and mixed with betaine aldehyde
betaine

-
10 mM, 14% inhibition
betaine
-
product inhibition
Betaine aldehyde

-
0.5 mM, non-competitive inhibitor against NAD+
Betaine aldehyde
-
above 0.5 mM
Betaine aldehyde
-
the enzyme is reversibly and partially inactivated by betaine aldehyde in the absence of NAD+ in a time- and concentration-dependent mode
Betaine aldehyde
strongly inhibited by betaine aldehyde at concentrations of more than 0.15 mM
Betaine aldehyde
-
substrate inhibition at concentrations of betaine aldehyde as low as 0.15 mM
Betaine aldehyde
-
substrate inhibition
Ca2+

-
500 mM CaCl2, about 50% loss of activity
Ca2+
-
500 mM CaCl2, about 50% loss of activity
Ca2+
-
10 mM CaCl2, 90% inhibition
Ca2+
-
500 mM CaCl2, about 50% loss of activity
choline

-
-
choline
-
100 mM, 78% inhibition
choline
-
10 mM, 23% inhibition
choline
-
mutant enzyme shows stronger inhibition compared to wild-type enzyme
choline
-
competitive against betaine aldehyde and uncompetitive with respect to NAD+
cimetidine

-
-
Disulfiram

-
inactivates in a time- and dose-dependent manner, inactivation kinetics is biphasic with second-order inactivation rate constants at pH 7.5 of 6.8 per M per sec and 0.33 per M per sec, inactivation is faster in presence of NAD(P)+ than in absence, inactivation is increased by NAD(P)H and betaine aldehyde, reactivation by dithiothreitol, inactivation is reversible by glutathione
Disulfiram
-
inactivates in a time- and dose-dependent manner, inactivation kinetics is monophasic with a second-order inactivation rate constant at pH 6.0 of 4.9 per M per sec and at pH 8.8 of 1000 per M per sec, inactivation is faster in presence of NAD(P)+ than in absence, inactivation is protected by NAD(P)H and betaine aldehyde, reactivation by dithiothreitol, inactivation is reversible by glutathione
Disulfiram
-
CAS 97-77-8, reaction of disulfiram with protein thiol groups by formation of a mixed disulfide or formation of an intra-molecular disulfide resulting in conformational changes. Inactivation under pseudo-first order conditions occurs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In the absence of disulfiram, but in the presence of 2% methanol as DSF vehicle, no changes in enzymatic activities are observed. Using a DSF concentration range 10-30 microM, inactivation kinetics were biphasic with rate constants differing in one order of magnitude, and inactivation partial. The residual activity at infinite time, decreases as the disulfiram concentrations increases, reaching a value near zero at 30 microM disulfiram, whereas the amplitude of the two inactivation phases increases, each one reaching about 50% of initial activity at 30 microM disulfiram.
glycine betaine

-
no inhibition up to 10 mM
glycine betaine
Amaranthus sp.
-
product inhibition
Hg2+

-
-
Hg2+
-
0.0001-0.0005 mM HgCl2
Hg2+
-
3 mM HgCl2, 90-100% inhibition
iodoacetamide

-
1 mM
iodoacetate

-
-
methyl methanethiosulfonate

-
in absence of ligands, the kinetics of inactivation is biphasic, suggesting the existence of two enzyme conformers differing in the reactivity of their catalytic thiolate. Preincubation with NADH or betaine aldehyde prior to the chemical modification brings about active site rearrangements that result in an import decrease in the inactivation rate. Binding of NAD+ increases the rate of inactivation after prolonged preincubation
methyl methanethiosulfonate
-
in absence of ligands, the kinetics of inactivation is biphasic, suggesting the existence of two enzyme conformers differing in the reactivity of their catalytic thiolate. Preincubation with coenzyme or the aldehyde prior to the chemical modification brings about active site rearrangements that result in an import decrease in the inactivation rate
NaCl

In response to high salt stress conditions numerous truncated transcripts of two BADH homologs resulting from an unusual posttranscriptional processing are detected in barley. The observed events take place at the 5' exonic region, and lead to the insertion of exogenous gene sequences and a variety of deletions that result in the removal of translation initiation codon, loss of functional domain, and frameshifts with premature termination by introducing stop codon.; In response to high salt stress conditions numerous truncated transcripts of two BADH homologs resulting from an unusual posttranscriptional processing are detected in barley. The observed events take place at the 5' exonic region, and lead to the insertion of exogenous gene sequences and a variety of deletions that results in the removal of translation initiation codon, loss of functional domain, and frameshifts with premature termination by introducing stop codon.
NaCl
-
the activity of isoform BADH2 decreases at NaCl concentrations greater than 300 mM
NaCl
0.5 M, expression of OsBADH2 is increased under salt stress conditions, but at high concentrations, expression is inhibited.; 0.5 M, firstly, expression of OsBADH1 is increased under salt stress conditions, but at high concentrations, expression has been inhibited.
NaCl
-
inhibitory effect increases with concentrations from 50 mM to 250 mM
NaCl
-
0.5 M, 50% inhibition
NaCl
-
mutant enzyme is slightly more sensitive to inhibition than wild-type enzyme
NaCl
Yeast strains containing the BADH gene from Suaeda salsa were streaked on YPD medium supplemented with 0.5% methanol and different NaCl concentrations (0-1.5 mol/l). Salt tolerance is examined after incubation at 30°C for 3 days. Growth of yeast strains A764, A765, A767 and YPIC3 is severely suppressed containing 0.8 mol/l NaCl and completely inhibited on 1.0 mol/l NaCl without methanol induction. However, induced with 0.5% of methanol, A764, A765 and A767 grow well but YPIC3 is suppressed greatly on YPD medium containing 1.0 mol/l NaCl. A764, A765, and A767 can resist 1.2 mol/l NaCl and can grow a little on 1.5 mol/l NaCl with 0.5% of methanol induction.
NaCl
-
40% inhibition above 0.3 M
NaCl
at a concentration of 0.5 M, expression of BADH2 is inhibited
NaCl
at a concentration of 0.5 M, expression of BADH1 is inhibited; at a concentration of 0.5 M, expression of BADH2 is inhibited
NaCl
100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity; 100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity; 100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity; 100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity; 100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity; 100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity; 100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity; 100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity; 100 mM about 70% activity to 500 mM about 40% activity
NAD+

Amaranthus sp.
-
glycerol favours substrate inhibition
NAD+
substrate inhibition by high concentrations of NAD+
NADH

-
mixed inhibitor against NAD+ and betaine aldehyde
NADH
-
product inhibition
NADH
-
mixed inhibited against NAD+ and betaine aldehyde
NH4+

-
-
NH4+
-
above 0.4 M, more than 60% inhibition
PCMB

-
-
ZnCl2

-
0.0001-0.0005 mM
ZnCl2
-
3 mM, 90-100% inhibition
additional information

Amaranthus sp.
-
no product inhibition
-
additional information
-
no substrate inhibition with NAD+
-
additional information
diethyldithiocarbamic acid does not inactivate the enzyme in vitro and in situ
-
additional information
-
diethyldithiocarbamic acid does not inactivate the enzyme in vitro and in situ
-
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0.00000054 - 3.7
3-aminopropionaldehyde
0.0027
3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde
-
-
0.035 - 0.34
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde
0.00196 - 1.1
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
0.000024 - 0.00005
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde
0.0078 - 0.041
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde
0.0014
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde
-
cytoplasmic enzyme
0.000005 - 14.8
Betaine aldehyde
11 - 48
D,L-glyceraldehyde
3.8
formaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
0.13
glycine betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.152 - 11.5
glycolaldehyde
0.2 - 15
Isovaleraldehyde
0.5
p-nitrobenzaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
51 - 140
phenyl acetaldehyde
additional information
additional information
-
for the mutants and wild-type enzymes KM NADP+ varies within 0.060 and 0.107 mM, KM NAD+ within 0.254 and 0.411 mM, KM betaine aldehyde within 0.270 and 0.434 mM
-
0.00000054
3-aminopropionaldehyde

-
pH 8.7, 37°C
0.0012
3-aminopropionaldehyde
-
isozyme BADH2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.004
3-aminopropionaldehyde
-
0.017
3-aminopropionaldehyde
-
isozyme BADH1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.453
3-aminopropionaldehyde
-
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
3.7
3-aminopropionaldehyde
in 100 mM sodium diphosphate pH 8.0, at 22°C
0.035
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde

-
isozyme BADH1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.0914
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde
-
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.34
3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde
-
isozyme BADH2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.00196
4-Aminobutyraldehyde

-
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.003
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
-
wild-type enzyme
0.004
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
-
mitochondrial enzyme
0.005
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
-
-
0.0098
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
-
mutant enzyme E103Q
0.024
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
-
cytoplasmic enzyme
0.037
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
-
-
0.049
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
-
1.1
4-Aminobutyraldehyde
in 100 mM sodium diphosphate pH 8.0, at 22°C
0.000024
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde

-
pH 8.7, 37°C
0.00005
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde
-
pH 8.7, 37°C
0.0078
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde

-
isozyme BADH1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.0221
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde
-
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.041
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde
-
isozyme BADH2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.014
acetaldehyde

-
-
0.014
acetaldehyde
-
mitochondrial enzyme
0.115
acetaldehyde
-
cytoplasmic enzyme
0.13
acetaldehyde
-
isozyme BADH1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.17
acetaldehyde
-
isozyme BADH2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
3.6
acetaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
28
acetaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
0.1
benzaldehyde

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
6.7
benzaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
0.000005
Betaine aldehyde

-
pH 8.7, 37°C
0.0561
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.065
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme E103Q
0.068
Betaine aldehyde
-
wild-type enzyme
0.07716
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.09
Betaine aldehyde
mutant enzyme A441C, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.0937
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.098
Betaine aldehyde
wild type enzyme, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.109
Betaine aldehyde
-
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.11
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.11
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme G234T, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.118
Betaine aldehyde
-
mitochondrial enzyme
0.119
Betaine aldehyde
mutant enzyme A441S, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.12
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme G234A, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.123
Betaine aldehyde
-
cytoplasmic enzyme
0.127
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.133
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.1455
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.15
Betaine aldehyde
-
pH 7.5, 20°C, native betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase or betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase/choline dehydrogenase fusion protein
0.16
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.17
Betaine aldehyde
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.17
Betaine aldehyde
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.17
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme G234S, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.18
Betaine aldehyde
mutant enzyme A441T, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.208
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.23
Betaine aldehyde
-
isozyme BADH2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.26
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.26
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme H448F, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.31
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.38
Betaine aldehyde
-
-
0.434
Betaine aldehyde
-
30°C, pH 8.0, cosubstrate NADP+
0.506
Betaine aldehyde
-
30°C, pH 8.0, cosubstrate NAD+
0.512
Betaine aldehyde
mutant enzyme A441V, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.57
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme H448F/P449M, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.605
Betaine aldehyde
mutant enzyme A441F, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.91
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme Q162M, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
1.18
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme H448F/Y450L, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
1.791
Betaine aldehyde
mutant enzyme A441I, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
1.8
Betaine aldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
1.92
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme Y450L, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
1.94
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme P449M/Y450L, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
2.16
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme L161M7Q162M, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
2.6
Betaine aldehyde
-
isozyme BADH1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
4.61
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme H448F/P449M/Y450L, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
4.76
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme V288D, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
6.5
Betaine aldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
6.81
Betaine aldehyde
in 100 mM sodium diphosphate pH 8.0, at 22°C
13.8
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme S290T, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
14.8
Betaine aldehyde
-
mutant enzyme W456H, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.5
Butyraldehyde

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
3.4
Butyraldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
11
D,L-glyceraldehyde

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
48
D,L-glyceraldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
0.152
glycolaldehyde

-
mitochondrial enzyme
4.3
glycolaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
11.5
glycolaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
0.2
Isovaleraldehyde

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
15
Isovaleraldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
2.5
methylglyoxal

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
9
methylglyoxal
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
0.0025
NAD+

-
pH 7.7, reaction with benzaldehyde
0.0028
NAD+
mutant enzyme A441I, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.004
NAD+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with isovaleraldehyde
0.0064
NAD+
mutant enzyme A441V, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.00766
NAD+
-
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.009
NAD+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with undecanal
0.011
NAD+
-
reaction with betaine aldehyde
0.012
NAD+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with valeraldehyde
0.0133
NAD+
-
reaction with 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde
0.014
NAD+
mutant enzyme A441C, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.018
NAD+
mutant enzyme A441F, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.019
NAD+
-
wild-type enzyme, reaction with betaine aldehyde
0.022
NAD+
wild type enzyme, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.023
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme E103Q, reaction with betaine aldehyde
0.024
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme E103Q, reaction with 4-aminobutyraldehyde
0.024
NAD+
mutant enzyme A441T, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.026
NAD+
-
wild-type enzyme, reaction with 4-aminopropionaldehyde
0.028
NAD+
-
cytoplasmic enzyme
0.029
NAD+
mutant enzyme A441S, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.034
NAD+
-
mitochondrial enzyme
0.05
NAD+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with phenyl acetaldehyde
0.083
NAD+
-
30°C, pH 8.0
0.12
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme G234S, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.136
NAD+
-
reaction with 4-aminobutyraldehyde
0.26
NAD+
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.27
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme V288D, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.3
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme G234T, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.34
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme H448F/Y450L, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.38
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme W456H, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.41
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme S290T, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.42
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme H448F, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.43
NAD+
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.43
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme P449M/Y450L, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.68
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme Q162M, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.71
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme L161M7Q162M, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.8
NAD+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with p-nitrobenzaldehyde
1.01
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme Y450L, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
1.12
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme G234A, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
1.12
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme H448F/P449M, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
3.42
NAD+
-
mutant enzyme H448F/P449M/Y450L, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.08
NADP+

-
pH 7.7, reaction with undecanal
0.27
NADP+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with valeraldehyde
0.31
NADP+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with isovaleraldehyde
0.385
NADP+
-
30°C, pH 8.0
0.61
NADP+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with phenyl acetaldehyde
1
NADP+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with p-nitrobenzaldehyde
1.4
NADP+
-
pH 7.7, reaction with benzaldehyde
2.26
NADP+
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
3.68
NADP+
-
at pH 8.0 and 30°C
51
phenyl acetaldehyde

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
140
phenyl acetaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
0.8
propionaldehyde

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
21
propionaldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
2 - 3
Undecanal

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
106
Undecanal
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
0.2
Valeraldehyde

-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+
4.1
Valeraldehyde
-
pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+
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