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Information on EC 1.2.1.36 - retinal dehydrogenase
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1.2.1.36 retinal dehydrogenaseIUBMB Comments
A metalloflavoprotein (FAD). Acts on both the 11-trans- and 13-cis-forms of retinal.
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Word Map
- 1.2.1.36
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retinoic
- raldhs
- mesoderm
- dendritic
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all-trans
- aldh1a2
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ventral
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ra-synthesizing
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all-trans-retinoic
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cyp26s
- hindbrain
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retinol-binding
- somite
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anterior-posterior
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gut-homing
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otic
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crabps
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ra-dependent
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ra-responsive
- molecular biology
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somitogenesis
- all-trans-retinal
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rhombomere
- synthesis
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acid-synthesizing
- diagnostics
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dorsoventral
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epicardium
- degradation
- citral
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anteroposterior
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paraxial
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ra-mediated
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rarbeta
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retinyl
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retinoid-dependent
- medicine
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foxp3+
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raralpha
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
raldh2, raldh3, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase, retinal dehydrogenase, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, retinaldehyde dehydrogenases, rdh13, retinal dehydrogenase 1, xctbp, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1
ALDH1A1
Aldh1a2
Aldh1a3
cytosolic retinal dehydrogenase
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dehydrogenase, retinal
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NAD-dependent retinal dehydrogenases
RALDH
RalDH1
RALDH2
RALDH3
Raldh4
Retinal dehydrogenase
retinal dehydrogenase 1
retinal dehydrogenase 2
retinal dehydrogenase 3
retinalaldehyde dehydrogenase 2
retinaldehyde dehydrogenase
retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1
retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2
retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + H+
participates in vitamin A metabolism
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retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + H+
does not catalyze 13-cis-retinal oxidation
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retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + H+
acts on both the all-trans- and 13-cis-form of retinal
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retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + H+
catalytic active nucleophil Cys302, not responsible for substrate specificity
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retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + H+
sulfhydryl group involved in activity
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retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + H+
acts on both the all-trans- and 13-cis-form of retinal
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retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + H+
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
redox reaction
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reduction
oxidation
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reduction
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
A metalloflavoprotein (FAD). Acts on both the 11-trans- and 13-cis-forms of retinal.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37250-99-0
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
10'-apo-beta-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
10'-apo-beta-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
i.e. (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-4,9,13-trimethyl-15-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pentadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenal
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-
?
12'-apo-beta-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
12'-apo-beta-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
i.e. (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E)-2,7,11-trimethyl-13-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)trideca-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaenal
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-
?
14'-apo-beta-carotenal + NAD+ + H2O
14'-apo-beta-carotenoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
i.e. (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E)-5,9-dimethyl-11-(2,6,6trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)undeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenal
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?
all-trans retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans retinoate + NADH + 2 H+
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?
all-trans retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH + H+
RALDH3 oxidizes all-trans retinal with high catalytic efficiency
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?
all-trans retinaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans retinoic acid + NADH + H+
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?
all-trans-retinol + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoic acid + NADH + H+
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?
all-trans-retinol + NADP+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoic acid + NADPH + H+
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?
citral + NAD+ + H2O
3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoate + NADH + 2 H+
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?
13-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
13-cis-retinoate + NADH
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type-2 isozyme, 2fold lower activity compared to all-trans-retinal
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?
13-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
13-cis-retinoate + NADH + H+
isoform RALDH4 oxidizes 13-cis retinal with lower catalytic efficiency than 9-cis retinal
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?
9-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
9-cis-retinoate + NADH
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step in biosynthesis of vitamin A, transduction by nuclear retinoid receptors, required for ontogenesis and homeostasis of numerous tissues
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?
9-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
9-cis-retinoate + NADH
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type-2 isozyme, 5fold lower activity compared to all-trans-retinal
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?
9-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
9-cis-retinoate + NADH
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poortly active with
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?
9-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
9-cis-retinoate + NADH + H+
isoform RALDH4 catalyzes 9-cis retinal oxidation with 3fold higher efficiency than 13-cis retinal
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?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
acetaldehyde is not a substrate
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?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
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no substrate inhibition
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?
all-trans-retinal + H2O + NAD+
all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H+
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?
all-trans-retinal + H2O + NAD+
all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H+
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?
all-trans-retinal + H2O + NAD+
all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H+
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH
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second step in retinol clearance in adult mice, null mutants show retinol clearance reduced by 7%, and a lower LD50 concentration for all-trans-retinol compared to the wild-type mice
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH
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step in biosynthesis of vitamin A, transduction by nuclear retinoid receptors, required for ontogenesis and homeostasis of numerous tissues
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH
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type-2 isozyme
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH
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preferred substrate of recombinant isozyme type-1
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH
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preferred substrate, type-2 isozyme
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H+
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H+
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H+
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?
all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O
all-trans-retinoic acid + NADH
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key enzyme in retinoic acid biosynthesis, essential in developing diaphragm, enzyme inhibition or disfunction causes the serious developmental anomaly congenital diaphragmatic hernia, i.e. CDH
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?
citral + NAD+ + H2O
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + NADH + H+
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?
citral + NAD+ + H2O
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + NADH + H+
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?
retinal + NAD+ + H2O
retinoate + NADH