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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments Contains FAD and an iron-sulfur center. This enzyme, which is present in plant chloroplasts, carries out the second step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a. It similarly reduces chlorophyllide a.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase, hmchl reductase,
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3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide reductase
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7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase
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HCAR
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chlorophyll a + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 71-hydroxychlorophyll a + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
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71-hydroxychlorophyll a:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
Contains FAD and an iron-sulfur center. This enzyme, which is present in plant chloroplasts, carries out the second step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a. It similarly reduces chlorophyllide a.
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7-hydroxymethyl-chlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
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ir
7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
71-hydroxychlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
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ir
additional information
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HCAR interacts with LHCII in in vivo pull-down assays, and with SGR, NYC1, NOL and RCCR in yeast two-hybrid assays
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7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
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7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
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ir
7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
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HCAR reduces 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a but not 7-hydroxymethyl pheophytin a or 7-hydroxymethyl pheophorbide a
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7-hydroxymethyl-chlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
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ir
7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
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HCAR reduces 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a but not 7-hydroxymethyl pheophytin a or 7-hydroxymethyl pheophorbide a
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71-hydroxychlorophyll a + reduced ferredoxin + H+
chlorophyll a + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O
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ir
additional information
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HCAR interacts with LHCII in in vivo pull-down assays, and with SGR, NYC1, NOL and RCCR in yeast two-hybrid assays
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FAD
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FAD
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the enzyme contains FAD
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brenda
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UniProt
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ecotype Columbia
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brenda
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brenda
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physiological function
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HCAR functions in Chl degradation as a component of the SGRCCE-LHCII complex during leaf senescence
malfunction
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insertion mutant hcar-1 leaf cells lose membrane integrity during dark incubation
malfunction
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HCAR-overexpressing plants exhibit accelerated leaf yellowing and hcar mutants stay green during dark-induced senescence
metabolism
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cyanobacterial 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide reductase (DVR) has 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase activity. Enzyme participates in the Chl cycle in green plants
metabolism
the enzyme is required for the degradation of light-harvesting complexes and is necessary for efficient photosynthesis by balancing the chlorophyll a/b ratio
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HCAR_ORYSJ
471
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51982
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 1 )
HCAR_ARATH
462
0
51661
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2 )
A0A072VIA1_MEDTR
448
0
49929
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2 )
A0A2P6QRQ5_ROSCH
461
0
51069
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 1 )
A0A1L5JJ04_CAMSI
463
0
51130
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2 )
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trimer
3 * 49000, SDS-PAGE
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sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 0.2 M MgCl2, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 25% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350, 3% (v/v) ethylene glycol
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E262A
the mutant loses its catalytic activity, probably for its impaired FAD binding capacity
H417A
the mutant formes inclusion bodies during expression, and hence its activity is not measureable
Q332A
the mutant aggregates and its activity is not measureable
additional information
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the activity of HMChl reductase is partially down-regulated in mutant hmc1
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Ni-NTA column chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration
nickel affinity column chromatography
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using Ni-NTA chromatography
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL-21 as a His-tagged fusion protein
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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HCAR is expressed throughout leaf development and is drastically down-regulated during dark-induced senescence
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HCAR is highly up-regulated during greening of etiolated seedlings
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the enzyme activity is induced upon senescence
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Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, A.
Chlorophyll cycle regulates the construction and destruction of the light-harvesting complexes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1807
968-976
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
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Meguro, M.; Ito, H.; Takabayashi, A.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, A.
Identification of the 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase of the chlorophyll cycle in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell
23
3442-3453
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Nagane, T.; Tanaka, A.; Tanaka, R.
Involvement of AtNAP1 in the regulation of chlorophyll degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Planta
231
939-949
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Sakuraba, Y.; Kim, Y.S.; Yoo, S.C.; Hoertensteiner, S.; Paek, N.C.
7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase functions in metabolic channeling of chlorophyll breakdown intermediates during leaf senescence
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
430
32-37
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Ito, H.; Tanaka, A.
Evolution of a new chlorophyll metabolic pathway driven by the dynamic changes in enzyme promiscuous activity
Plant Cell Physiol.
55
593-603
2014
Synechocystis sp.
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Shimoda, Y.; Ito, H.; Tanaka, A.
Conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a precedes magnesium dechelation for protection against necrosis in Arabidopsis
Plant J.
72
501-511
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
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Wang, X.; Liu, L.
Crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase
J. Biol. Chem.
291
13349-13359
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8GS60)
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1.17.7.2 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase
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