Any feedback?
Information on EC 1.17.1.3 - leucoanthocyanidin reductase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.17.1.3Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
1.17.1.3 leucoanthocyanidin reductaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme catalyses the synthesis of catechin, catechin-4beta-ol (leucocyanidin) and the related flavan-3-ols afzelechin and gallocatechin, which are initiating monomers in the synthesis of plant polymeric proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins. While 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin is the preferred flavan-3,4-diol substrate, 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucodelphinidin and 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin can also act as substrates, but more slowly. NADH can replace NADPH but is oxidized more slowly.
Specify your search results
Word Map
- 1.17.1.3
- proanthocyanidins
- flavonoid
- anthocyanins
- camellia
- dihydroflavonol
-
flavan-3-ols
- vinifera
-
+-catechin
- csanr
-
r2r3-myb
- delphinidin
-
3\'-hydroxylase
-
cschs
-
flavan
- pelargonidin
- banyuls
-
3',5'-hydroxylase
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
anthocyanidin reductase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, cslar, ptrlar3, palar3, mtlar, leucocyanidin reductase, ptrlar1, mdlar1, leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase, 
more
topPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
ANR
anthocyanidin reductase
BAN
CsLAR
LAR
LAR1
lar2
leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase
leucoanthocyanidin reductase
leucocyanidin reductase
-
-
-
-
MtLAR
reductase, leucoanthocyanidin
-
-
-
-
additional information
LAR
-
-
-
-
leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase
-
-
-
-
additional information
enzyme is part of the isoflavone reductase group of the reductase-epimerase-dehydrogenase family of enzymes
additional information
LAR belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and to the PIP (pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase, isoflavone reductase, and phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase) family
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
two-step catalytic mechanism involving the formation of an enzyme-bound quinone methide intermediate prior to reduction, overview. A concerted dehydration precedes an NADPH-mediated hydride transfer at C4. The dehydration step involves a Lys-catalyzed deprotonation of the phenolic OH7 through a bridging water molecule and a His-catalyzed protonation of the benzylic hydroxyl at C4. The resulting quinone methide serves as an electrophilic target for hydride transfer at C4. The role of the lysine is to promote the formation of this intermediate by catalyzing the deprotonation of a phenolic hydroxyl
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(2R,3S)-catechin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
The enzyme catalyses the synthesis of catechin, catechin-4beta-ol (leucocyanidin) and the related flavan-3-ols afzelechin and gallocatechin, which are initiating monomers in the synthesis of plant polymeric proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins. While 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin is the preferred flavan-3,4-diol substrate, 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucodelphinidin and 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin can also act as substrates, but more slowly. NADH can replace NADPH but is oxidized more slowly.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
190337-34-9
-
93389-48-1
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(2R,3R)-dihydromyricetin + NADPH
gallocatechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
combined dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductae activity
-
-
?
(2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
combined dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductae activity, 2-step reaction
-
-
?
(2S)-eriodictyol + NADPH
luteoliflavan + NADP+ + H2O
-
flavan formation by combined flavanone 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductae activity
-
-
?
(2S)-naringenin + NADPH
?
-
flavan formation by combined flavanone 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductae activity
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NAD+ + H2O
30% activity compared to NADPH
-
-
r
3,4-cis-leucodelphinidin + NADPH
2,3-trans-gallocatechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin + NADPH
2,3-trans-afzelechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+
(+)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
enzyme acts mainly on the 3,4-cis rather than the 3,4-trans isomer
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
both isoforms LAR1 and LAR2
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
both isoforms LAR1 and LAR2
-
-
?
3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin + NADPH
2,3-trans-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
no formation of 2,3-cis-epicatechin
-
?
3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin + NADPH
2,3-trans-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin + NADPH
? + NADP+ + H2O
substrate only for isoform LAR2
-
-
?
3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin + NADPH
? + NADP+ + H2O
both isoforms LAR1 and LAR2
-
-
?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+
epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization
-
-
?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+
epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner
-
-
?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+
epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization
-
-
?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+
epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + (-)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
(-)-epicatechin, i.e. (2R,3R)-3-cis-flavan-3-ol, is the major product, formation of (-)-catechin by nonenzymatic epimerization is possible
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + (-)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
(-)-epicatechin, i.e. (2R,3R)-3-cis-flavan-3-ol, is the major product, formation of (-)-catechin by nonenzymatic epimerization is possible
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
i.e. (2R,3R)-3-cis-flavan-3-ol
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
i.e. (2R,3R)-3-cis-flavan-3-ol
-
?
delphinidin + NADPH
(-)-epigallocatechin + (-)-gallocatechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
(-)-epigallocatechin is the major product, formation of (-)-gallocatechin by nonenzymatic epimerization is possible
-
?
delphinidin + NADPH
(-)-epigallocatechin + (-)-gallocatechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
(-)-epigallocatechin is the major product, formation of (-)-gallocatechin by nonenzymatic epimerization is possible
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
double step reduction
-
?
leucodelphinidin + NADPH
? + NADP+ + H2O
both isoforms LAR1 and LAR2
-
-
?
leucodelphinidin + NADPH
? + NADP+ + H2O
both isoforms LAR1 and LAR2
-
-
?
luteoforol + NADPH
luteoliflavan + NADP+ + H2O
i.e. 3-deoxyleucocyanidin, both isoforms LAR1 and LAR2
-
-
?
luteoforol + NADPH
luteoliflavan + NADP+ + H2O
i.e. 3-deoxyleucocyanidin, both isoforms LAR1 and LAR2
-
-
?
pelargonidin + NADPH
(-)-epiafzelechin + (-)-afzelechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
(-)-epiafzelechin is the major product, formation of (-)-afzelechin by nonenzymatic epimerization is possible
-
?
pelargonidin + NADPH
(-)-epiafzelechin + (-)-afzelechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
(-)-epiafzelechin is the major product, formation of (-)-afzelechin by nonenzymatic epimerization is possible
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins in the flavonoid pathway converting anthocyanidins into 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate preference in descending order: delphinidin, pelargonidin, cyanidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is important in biosynthesis of catchin, epigallocatechin, and anthocyanidins, flavonoid metabolism in tea leaves, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins 3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin, first committed step, anthocyanidin pathway overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins 3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin, first committed step, anthocyanidin pathway overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins in the flavonoid pathway converting anthocyanidins into 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate preference in descending order: cyanidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme contributes to proanthocyanidin synthesis in fruit, and the tissue and temporal-specific regulation of the gene determines proanthocyanidin accumulation and composition during grape berry development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme contributes to proanthocyanidin synthesis in fruit, and the tissue and temporal-specific regulation of the gene determines proanthocyanidin accumulation and composition during grape berry development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme contributes to proanthocyanidin synthesis in fruit, and the tissue and temporal-specific regulation of the gene determines proanthocyanidin accumulation and composition during grape berry development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
leucoanthocyanidin reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2R,3S,4S-flavan-3,4-diols into 2R,3S-flavan-3-ols
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
leucoanthocyanidin reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2R,3S,4S-flavan-3,4-diols into 2R,3S-flavan-3-ols
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the coenzyme and substrate binding pocket is preformed in the apoprotein and not markedly altered upon NADPH binding, ternary complex structure, substrate binding site structure, overview. Ordering of a short 3_10 helix associated with substrate binding, His122 and Lys140 act as acid-base catalysts
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the coenzyme and substrate binding pocket is preformed in the apoprotein and not markedly altered upon NADPH binding, ternary complex structure, substrate binding site structure, overview. Ordering of a short 3_10 helix associated with substrate binding, His122 and Lys140 act as acid-base catalysts
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin + NADPH
2,3-trans-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
no formation of 2,3-cis-epicatechin
-
?
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+
epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization
-
-
?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+
epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
i.e. (2R,3R)-3-cis-flavan-3-ol
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
i.e. (2R,3R)-3-cis-flavan-3-ol
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins in the flavonoid pathway converting anthocyanidins into 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is important in biosynthesis of catchin, epigallocatechin, and anthocyanidins, flavonoid metabolism in tea leaves, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins 3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin, first committed step, anthocyanidin pathway overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins 3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin, first committed step, anthocyanidin pathway overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins in the flavonoid pathway converting anthocyanidins into 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme contributes to proanthocyanidin synthesis in fruit, and the tissue and temporal-specific regulation of the gene determines proanthocyanidin accumulation and composition during grape berry development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme contributes to proanthocyanidin synthesis in fruit, and the tissue and temporal-specific regulation of the gene determines proanthocyanidin accumulation and composition during grape berry development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme contributes to proanthocyanidin synthesis in fruit, and the tissue and temporal-specific regulation of the gene determines proanthocyanidin accumulation and composition during grape berry development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
leucoanthocyanidin reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2R,3S,4S-flavan-3,4-diols into 2R,3S-flavan-3-ols
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
leucoanthocyanidin reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2R,3S,4S-flavan-3,4-diols into 2R,3S-flavan-3-ols
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromenium
48% inhibition at 0.006 mM
additional information
-
no inhibition by (+)-catechin and dihydroquercetin
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Mycoses
Accumulation of Catechin and Proanthocyanidins in Black Poplar Stems After Infection by Plectosphaerella populi: Hormonal Regulation, Biosynthesis and Antifungal Activity.
Mycoses
Flavan-3-ols in Norway Spruce: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Function in Response to Attack by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Ceratocystis polonica.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY