Information on EC 1.17.1.3 - leucoanthocyanidin reductase

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Substrates: combined dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase activity
Products: -

?

(2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin + NADPH

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

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Substrates: combined dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase activity, 2-step reaction
Products: -

?

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+

8 entries

(2S)-eriodictyol + NADPH

luteoliflavan + NADP+ + H2O

-

Substrates: flavan formation by combined flavanone 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase activity
Products: -

?

(2S)-naringenin + NADPH

?

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Substrates: flavan formation by combined flavanone 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase activity
Products: -

?

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin + NADPH

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

-

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADH + H+

(2R,3S)-catechin + NAD+ + H2O

Substrates: 30% activity compared to NADPH
Products: -

r

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

7 entries

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+

(2R,3S)-(+)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

18 entries

3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin + NADPH

2,3-trans-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

3,4-cis-leucodelphinidin + NADPH

2,3-trans-gallocatechin + NADP+ + H2O

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

3,4-cis-leucodelphinidin + NADPH

? + NADP+ + H2O

3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin + NADPH

2,3-trans-afzelechin + NADP+ + H2O

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin + NADPH

? + NADP+ + H2O

5 entries

3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin + NADPH + H+

2,3-trans-afzelechin + NADP+ + H2O

Rubus chingii

-

767809

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-catechin + NADPH + H+

(+)-epicatechin + NADP+ + H2O

Substrates: more efficient substrate
Products: -

?

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+

(-)-epicatechin + NADP+ + H2O

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+

epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+

cis-flavan-3-ol carbocation + NADPH + H+

(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + NADP+ + H2O

Lotus corniculatus

A1XEF4

767004

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

cyanidin + NADPH + H+

(-)-epicatechin + (-)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

cyanidin + NADPH + H+

(-)-epicatechin + NADP+ + H2O

delphinidin + NADPH

(-)-epigallocatechin + (-)-gallocatechin + NADP+ + H2O

dihydroquercetin + NADPH

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+

(+)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

leucodelphinidin + NADPH

? + NADP+ + H2O

luteoforol + NADPH

luteoliflavan + NADP+ + H2O

pelargonidin + NADPH

(-)-epiafzelechin + (-)-afzelechin + NADP+ + H2O

additional information

?

-

14 entries

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+

8 entries

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

6 entries

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+

(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

15 entries

3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin + NADPH

2,3-trans-catechin + NADP+ + H2O

Substrates: -
Products: no formation of 2,3-cis-epicatechin

?

3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin + NADPH + H+

2,3-trans-afzelechin + NADP+ + H2O

Rubus chingii

-

767809

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+

epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+

cis-flavan-3-ol carbocation + NADPH + H+

(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + NADP+ + H2O

Lotus corniculatus

A1XEF4

767004

Substrates: -
Products: -

?

cyanidin + NADPH + H+

(-)-epicatechin + NADP+ + H2O

additional information

?

-

10 entries

NADH

6 entries

NADPH

24 entries

additional information

-

enzyme is not affected by Na+ at up to 400 mM

(+)-catechin

-

2,3-cis-flavan-3,4-diol

slight inhibition

2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol

product inhibition

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromenium

48% inhibition at 0.006 mM

3,4-trans-leucocyanidin

50% inhibition at 0.12 mM

3,4-trans-leucopelargonidin

50% inhibition at 0.46 mM

afzelechin

50% inhibition at 0.014 mM

catechin

50% inhibition at 0.012 mM

cyanidin

-

substrate inhibition at high concentration

delphinidin

97% inhibition at 0.06 mM

dihydroquercetin

epi-gallocatechin

50% inhibition at 1.4 mM

eriodictyol

53% inhibition at 0.01 mM

gallocatechin

50% inhibition at 0.28 mM

Na+

-

above 200 mM

NADP+

50% inhibition at 0.5 mM; slight inhibition

pelargonidin

quercetin

additional information

-

0.006 - 0.06

2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin

0.006

3,4-cis-leucoanthocyanidin

pH 7.0, 30°C

0.005

3,4-cis-leucodelphinidin

pH 7.0, 30°C

0.026

3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin

pH 7.0, 30°C

0.0424 - 0.06121

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-catechin

0.0168 - 0.03049

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin

0.037

dihydroquercetin

-

pH 7.4

0.0004 - 0.042

NADPH

additional information

-

0.0517 - 0.0648

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-catechin

0.0088 - 0.0123

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin

1.06 - 1.22

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-catechin

0.45 - 0.525

4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin

additional information

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0.0005

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crude extract of young leafs

636455

8.7

additional information

5.5 - 6

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depending on the buffer system used

6

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assay at, combined flavanone 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductae activity

6.6

7

5 entries

7.4

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7.5

7.6

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combined dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductae activity

6 - 7

6 - 7.5

6.2 - 7.8

6.4 - 8

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no significant changes between pH 6.4 and pH 8.0

22

Q3KN75

assay at room temperature

25

30

37

45

-

55

-

5.27

5.34

sequence calculation

5.43

6.1

Diospyros kaki Luotian-tianshi

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calculated from amino acid sequence

peanut, cultivars Bari 2011, BARD 92 and Golden

UniProt

cvs. Sachiizumi, Harunoibuki, 2SL05-1, Asahimurazairai, and Asahimurazairai/Kyushu PL4, from Japan

A0A1B4ZAW1, A0A1B4ZAW2, A0A1B4ZAW7

UniProt

Fagopyrum tataricum

cvs. Hokkai T8 and Hokkai T10

UniProt

barley

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var. nana, Aihuahong

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var. nana, Aihuahong

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Xiongyuehaitang

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Xijinhaitang

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Medicago truncatula ecotype R108

-

745869

Q3KN75

UniProt

Chinese bayberry, cultivar Biqi

766837

-

Morus notabilis

-

767804

-

Picea abies

4 different populations

UniProt

-

-

douglas fir

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Chinese raspberry

-

-

-

-

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bud

-

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cell suspension culture

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cotton fibre

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the enzyme is predominantly expressed in the developing fibers of colored cotton

766384

cotyledon

-

-

-

-

needle

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petiole

Populus trichocarpa

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low expression

728054

pod

Theobroma cacao

-

pod exocarp

grown under light or dark condition

746499

stem

additional information

-

Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines

Filter by:

Cell Line Links

Gene Links

evolution

malfunction

metabolism

13 entries

physiological function

16 entries

additional information

12 entries

45000

52000

?

monomer

additional information

near homogeneity

LAR1 in complex with or without NADPH and one of its natural products, (+)-catechin, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.75-2.72 A resolution

K143G

K218E

the mutant of isoform LAR2 shows product formation when incubated with leucocyanidin and NADPH but exhibits lower activity compared to the wild type enzyme

V25E

the mutant of isoform LAR2 shows no product formation when incubated with leucocyanidin and NADPH

additional information

8 entries

only little loss of activity after freezing and thawing

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unstable in desalted extracts

Hordeum vulgare

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4°C, desalted extract, 40% loss of activity after 90 min

Hordeum vulgare

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4°C, desalted extract, only little loss of activity after 90 min

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His-tagged protein purification kit

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766837

native enzyme to near homogeneity from leaves, about 48500fold

partially

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recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli

recombinant His-tagged LAR1 from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography

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determination of DNA and amino acid sequences, expression in Escherichia coli strain XL-1 Blue, Nicotiana tabacum, and Trifolium repens, plant transformations via Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection system

ectopic expression of CsLAR leads to the formation of (+)-catechin, but also of (-)-epicatechin in anthocyanin producing tissues of tobacco plants

W6EL68

745825

expressed in Escherichia coli and the Medicago truncatula lar:ldox double mutant that lacks leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase

expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and Nicotiana tabacum variant Samsun

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766837

expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana

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766861

expressed in Nicotiana tabacum

Morus notabilis

-

767804

expressed in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana

Lotus corniculatus

A1XEF4

767004

expressed in Nicotiana tabacum leaves

Malus domestica

Q5D7Y2, L0BT90

767767

expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain E32

-

767006

expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)

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expression in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha, expression as MBT-fusion protein followed by cleavage of the protein tag by Factor Xa protease

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expression of His-tagged LAR1 in Escherichia coli

Q4W2K4

715907

gene DkLAR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Expression of the DkLAR gene in Chinese pollination-constant non-astringent, PCNA, genotype is coincident with the tannin cell development, but is not in Japanese PCNA and Chinese pollination-variant astringent PCA genotypes

Diospyros kaki

E4W4T1

714393

gene DkLAR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genotyping. Expression of the DkLAR gene in Chinese pollination-constant non-astringent, PCNA, genotype is coincident with the tannin cell development, but is not in Japanese PCNA and Chinese pollination-variant astringent PCA genotypes

Diospyros kaki

E4W4T1

714393

gene LAR, co-overexpression with anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, semiquantitative expression analysis

W6EL68

743899

gene lar, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comaprisons and phylogenetic analysis, cloned from two cultivars, Hokkai T8 and T10, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis

Fagopyrum tataricum

V9PJ26

746499

gene lar, overexpression of the enzyme in Medicago truncatula hairy roots, conversion of 4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin to epicatechin by recombinant LAR

Q3KN75

745869

gene LAR, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis

gene LAR1, cloned from leaves, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genotyping, the three LAR loci, FeLAR1, FeLAR2, and FeLAR3, are not genetically linked, phylogenetic analysis

gene LAR1, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Petite Havana SR1 using the transfection method with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 and under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. The proanthocyanidin contents in either white- or pale pink-colored transgenic flowers are significantly lower than that of wild-type flowers. In contrast, both pale-pink and white flowers of the transgenic lines accumulate slightly higher levels of epicatechin than wild-type flowers, but the changes do not reach statistical significance. No significant change in catechin content is observed between wild-type flowers and either white- or pale pink-colored transgenic flowers, phenotypes, overview

Malus domestica

Q5D7Y2, Q5D7Y1

744993

gene LAR2, cloned from leaves, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genotyping, the three LAR loci, FeLAR1, FeLAR2, and FeLAR3, are not genetically linked, phylogenetic analysis

gene LAR3, cloned from leaves, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genotyping, the three LAR loci, FeLAR1, FeLAR2, and FeLAR3, are not genetically linked, phylogenetic analysis

gene LAR3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination, genotyping, genetic organization and allelic structure of the gene, identification of nonsynonymous substitutions, and to analysis of motifs in the promoter, recombinant expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, and quantitative RT-PCR analyis of allele-specific gene expression of the PaLAR3 alleles

Picea abies

X2CYU7

746116

gene LARa, complementary DNA library construction, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree, functional expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain M15. Recombinant ectopic expression of CsLAR leads to the accumulation of low levels of proanthocyanidin precursors and their conjugates in Medicago truncatula hairy roots and anthocyanin-overproducing Nicotiana tabacum, but levels of oligomeric proanthocyanidins are very low. The expression of CsLAR in tobacco overproducing anthocyanin leads to the accumulation of higher levels of epicatechin and its glucoside than of catechin, phenotype and flavonoid compounds contents, overview

I1E425

726229

gene LARa, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, recombinant expression in transgenic Nicotianan tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA105 and C58C1?mediated transformation, quantitative real?time PCR enzyme expression analysis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, contents of both insoluble and soluble proanthocyanidins extracted from the seeds are reduced in the overexpressing CsLARs lines compared with wild-type, although CsLARs catalyze leucocyanidins conversion to catechin in vitro, no catechin is detected in any transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Also no proanthocyanidins are detected in the transgenic tobacco

gene LARb, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, recombinant expression in transgenic Nicotianan tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA105 and C58C1-mediated transformation, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, contents of both insoluble and soluble proanthocyanidins extracted from the seeds are reduced in the overexpressing CsLARs lines compared with wild-type, although CsLARs catalyze leucocyanidins conversion to catechin in vitro, no catechin is detected in any transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Also no proanthocyanidins are detected in the transgenic tobacco

gene LARc, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, recombinant expression in transgenic Nicotianan tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain s EHA105 and C58C1-mediated transformation, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, contents of both insoluble and soluble proanthocyanidins extracted from the seeds are reduced in the overexpressing CsLARs lines compared with wild-type, although CsLARs catalyze leucocyanidins conversion to catechin in vitro, no catechin is detected in any transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Also no proanthocyanidins are detected in the transgenic tobacco

gene LARc, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, recombinant expression in transgenic Nicotianan tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain s EHA105 and C58C1?mediated transformation, quantitative real?time PCR enzyme expression analysis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, contents of both insoluble and soluble proanthocyanidins extracted from the seeds are reduced in the overexpressing CsLARs lines compared with wild-type, although CsLARs catalyze leucocyanidins conversion to catechin in vitro, no catechin is detected in any transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Also no proanthocyanidins are detected in the transgenic tobacco

genes Vv lar1 and Vv lar2, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis

genes Vvlar1 and Vvlar2, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis

recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli

Theobroma cacao

-

727256

highest expression in roots

Populus trichocarpa

-

728054

highest upregulation of the enzyme (3.5fold increase) is observed in cultivar Bari 2011 at 60 mM and 240 mM concentration of salt

Arachis hypogaea

A0A4D6JED7

767980

in response to the Botrytis cinerea infection, the transcript levels of the enzyme peaks at 1 day after inoculation and then decreases. Under methyl jasmonate stress conditions, the enzyme transcript level initially increases before decreasing and then increasing. An exposure to 30% (m/v) PEG 6000 results in peak transcription level at 12 h. Under UV stress conditions, the enzyme transcription level is highest at 80 min

Morus notabilis

-

767804

isoform LAR1 expression increases with an increased light intensity, whereas isoform LAR2 expression is insensitive

-

766861

leucoanthocyanidin reductase expression in cotton fiber is much higher than their competing enzymes acting on the same substrates (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin synthase, respectively)

-

728635

overexpression of the myeloblastosis (MYB)14 or MYB5 transcription factors induces proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in hairy roots, LAR is induced in MYB5 overexpressing hairy roots

significantly up-regulated in brown fiber

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728635

the expression level of the enzyme significantly decreases in the developing cotton fiber

-

766384

UV-C irradiation induced the transcription of Vv lar1 and Vv lar2 and the synthesis of LAR1 and LAR2 proteins, resulting in increased accumulation of flavanol polyphenol in the grape berries, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, overview

UV-C irradiation induces the transcription of Vv lar1 and Vv lar2 and the synthesis of LAR1 and LAR2 proteins, resulting in increased accumulation of flavanol polyphenol in the grape berries, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, overview