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Information on EC 1.14.99.54 - lytic cellulose monooxygenase (C1-hydroxylating)
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1.14.99.54 lytic cellulose monooxygenase (C1-hydroxylating)IUBMB Comments
This copper-containing enzyme, found in fungi and bacteria, cleaves cellulose in an oxidative manner. The cellulose fragments that are formed contain a D-glucono-1,5-lactone residue at the reducing end, which hydrolyses quickly and spontaneously to the aldonic acid. The electrons are provided in vivo by the cytochrome b domain of EC 1.1.99.18, cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) . Ascorbate can serve as the electron donor in vitro.
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Word Map
- 1.14.99.54
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lpmos
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recalcitrant
-
lignocellulosic
-
copper-dependent
- chitinases
- cellulases
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chitinolytic
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saccharification
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biorefinery
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chitin-active
- cellobiohydrolases
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cellulose-active
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carbohydrate-active
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thermoascus
- degradation
- cello-oligosaccharides
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c1-oxidizing
- endoglucanases
- avicel
- analysis
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chic
-
monocopper
- synthesis
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chitin-degrading
- beta-chitin
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aldonic
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myceliophthora
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, cbp21, cel61a, aa9 lpmo, cel61b, lpmo9c, lpmo9d, lpmo9a, pagh61b, pagh61a, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AA13
AA9
AA9 LPMO
AA9A
AO090701000246
cel61b
Cel7A
CelS2
chitin-binding domain 3 protein
endoglucanase II
endoglucanase IV
FG02202.1
GbpA
gh61-4
gh61-5
LPMO
LPMO10A
LPMO10B
LPMO10C
LPMO9A
lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
Micau_1630
NCU01050
NCU07898
PaGH61A
PaGH61B
PMO
PMO-2
PMO-3
PODANS_2_6530
PODANS_7_3160
polysaccharide monoxygenase
SCO0643
SCO1188
Tfu_1268
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n+m + reduced acceptor + O2 = [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]m-1-(1->4)-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n + acceptor + H2O
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n+m + reduced acceptor + O2 = [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]m-1-(1->4)-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n + acceptor + H2O
(1) the D-glucono-1,5-lactone at the reducing end of the cellulose chain quickly hydrolyzes spontaneuosly to the aldonic acid
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n+m + reduced acceptor + O2 = [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]m-1-(1->4)-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n + acceptor + H2O
(1) the D-glucono-1,5-lactone at the reducing end of the cellulose chain quickly hydrolyzes spontaneuosly to the aldonic acid
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[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n+m + reduced acceptor + O2 = [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]m-1-(1->4)-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n + acceptor + H2O
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
cellulose, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (D-glucosyl C1-hydroxylating)
This copper-containing enzyme, found in fungi and bacteria, cleaves cellulose in an oxidative manner. The cellulose fragments that are formed contain a D-glucono-1,5-lactone residue at the reducing end, which hydrolyses quickly and spontaneously to the aldonic acid. The electrons are provided in vivo by the cytochrome b domain of EC 1.1.99.18, cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) [1]. Ascorbate can serve as the electron donor in vitro.
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
amorphous cellulose + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
cellooligosaccharide-C6-aldehyde-C1-lactone + 2 A + 2 H2O
avicel + ascorbate + O2
C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + C1/C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
bacterial microcrystalline cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
individual AA9A molecules exhibit intermittent random movement along, across, and penetrating into the ribbon-like microfibril structure of bacterial microcrystalline cellulose, concomitant with the release of a small amount of oxidized sugars and the splitting of large cellulose ribbons into fibrils with smaller diameters
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-
?
beta-(1->3,1->4)-glucan + acceptor + O2
C1/C4-oxidized oxidized glucan oligosaccharides + reduced acceptor + H2O
-
-
-
?
beta-chitin + ascorbate + O2
C4-oxidized oligosaccharides + C1/C4-oxidized oligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
birchwood cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
cellohexaosyl-(2-aminobenzamide) + ascorbate + O2
cellotriose + oxidized cellotriosyl-(2-aminobenzamide) + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
substrate is regenerated amorphous cellulose
release of C1-oxidized and non-oxidized glucooligosaccharides
-
?
cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1/C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
substrate regenerated amorphous cellulose
enzyme cleaves beta-(1->4)-glucosyl bonds in cellulose under formation of oxidized gluco-oligosaccharides. Both C1 and C4 oxidized gluco-oligosaccharides and non-oxidized gluco-oligosaccharides are formed
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?
cellulose + oxidized dopamine + O2
C1-oxidized gluco-oligosaccharides + glucooligosaccharides + dopamine + H2O
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dopamine shows 46% of the activity with ascorbate
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?
cellulose acetate + ? + O2
? + H2O
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lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase is able to cleave cellulose acetates with a degree of acetylation of up to 1.4. Preferentially, fragments with a low degree of acetylation are released
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-
?
filter paper + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
microcrystalline cellulose + AH2 + O2
?
-
enzyme catalyzes release of a mixture of soluble sugars comprising reduced and oxidized cellooligosaccharides. The degree of polymerization of the released oligosaccharides ranges from 3 to 5 for the reduced products and from 2 to 5 for the oxidized products
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?
NaOH-treated soy spent flake + ascorbate + O2
C1/C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
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native soy spentflake is not a substrate
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?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1/C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
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enzyme oxidizes cellulose at both the C1 and C4 positions
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?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C4-dehydro-cellooligosaccharide + dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
KR825269, KR825270
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The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccharides ranges from 2 to 5
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?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C4-dehydro-cellooligosaccharide-C1-lactone + dehydroascorbate + H2O
KR825269, KR825270
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the initially formed lactone at the reducing end of the produced cellooligosaccharides is hydrolyzed spontanously to the aldonic acid. The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccharides ranges from 2 to 5
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?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
cellooligosaccharide-C1-lactone + dehydroascorbate + H2O
KR825269, KR825270
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the initially formed lactone at the reducing end of the produced cellooligosaccharides is hydrolyzed spontanously to the aldonic acid. The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccharides ranges from 2 to 5
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
cellobionic acid + ? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
cellooligosaccharide + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
reduced xyloglucan oligosaccharide + ascorbic acid + O2
xyloglucan oligosaccharides + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
regenerated amorphous cellulose + 3-methylcatechol + O2
3-methyl-o-benzoquinone + H2O
-
-
-
?
regenerated amorphous cellulose + 3-methylcatechol + O2
? + 3-methyl-o-benzoquinone + H2O
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-
-
?
regenerated amorphous cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
regenerated amorphous cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
soluble beta-glucan + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
steam-exploded spruce + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
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-
-
?
xylan + dopamine + O2
C1/C4-oxidized oxidized xylo-oligosaccharides + 4-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione + H2O
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93% of the activiy with ascorbate
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?
xylan + dopamine + O2
C1/C4-oxidized xylooligosaccharides + 4-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione + H2O
-
enzyme cleaves beta-(1->4)-xylosyl bonds in xylan under formation of oxidized xylo-oligosaccharides
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?
xyloglucan + acceptor + O2
C1/C4-oxidized oxidized oligosaccharides + reduced acceptor + H2O
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-
-
?
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n+m + AH2 + O2
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]m-1-(1->4)-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n + A + H2O
amorphous cellulose + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
cellooligosaccharide-C6-aldehyde-C1-lactone + 2 A + 2 H2O
-
the initially formed lactone at the reducing end of the produced cellooligosaccharides is hydrolyzed spontanously to the aldonic acid. The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccharides ranges from 2 to 5
-
?
amorphous cellulose + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
cellooligosaccharide-C6-aldehyde-C1-lactone + 2 A + 2 H2O
-
the initially formed lactone at the reducing end of the produced cellooligosaccharides is hydrolyzed spontanously to the aldonic acid. The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccharides ranges from 2 to 5
-
?
amorphous cellulose + AH2 + O2
cellooligosaccharide-C1-lactone + A + H2O
-
the initially formed lactone at the reducing end of the produced cellooligosaccharides is hydrolyzed spontanously to the aldonic acid. The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccahdides ranges from 2 to 5
-
?
amorphous cellulose + AH2 + O2
cellooligosaccharide-C1-lactone + A + H2O
-
the initially formed lactone at the reducing end of the produced cellooligosaccharides is hydrolyzed spontanously to the aldonic acid. The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccharides ranges from 2 to 5
-
?
amorphous cellulose + AH2 + O2
cellooligosaccharide-C1-lactone + A + H2O
-
the initially formed lactone at the reducing end of the produced cellooligosaccharides is hydrolyzed spontanously to the aldonic acid. The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccahdides ranges from 2 to 5
-
?
amorphous cellulose + AH2 + O2
cellooligosaccharide-C1-lactone + A + H2O
-
the initially formed lactone at the reducing end of the produced cellooligosaccharides is hydrolyzed spontanously to the aldonic acid. The chain lengths of the cellooligosaccharides ranges from 2 to 5
-
?
avicel + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
avicel + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
avicel + ascorbate + O2
C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + C1/C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
avicel + ascorbate + O2
C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + C1/C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
avicel PH 101 + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
avicel PH 101 + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
beta-chitin + ascorbate + O2
C4-oxidized oligosaccharides + C1/C4-oxidized oligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
substrate squid pen beta-chitin, reaction of EC 1.14.99.53
in addition, considerable amounts of partially deacetylated oligomers are produced
-
?
beta-chitin + ascorbate + O2
C4-oxidized oligosaccharides + C1/C4-oxidized oligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
substrate squid pen beta-chitin, reaction of EC 1.14.99.53
in addition, considerable amounts of partially deacetylated oligomers are produced
-
?
cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
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-
-
?
cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1/C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1/C4-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
enzyme oxidizes cellulose at both the C1 and C4 positions
-
?
cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
chitin + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
chitin + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
chitin + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
chitin + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
filter paper + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
filter paper + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
Gloeophyllum trabeum 925-B
-
-
-
-
?
NaOH pretreated soy spent flakes + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
NaOH pretreated soy spent flakes + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
NaOH pretreated soy spent flakes + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulase + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulase + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulase + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulase + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + AH2 + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
in presence of cellobiose dehydrogenase, products include doubly oxidized cellodextrin
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + AH2 + O2
? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
in presence of cellobiose dehydrogenase, products include doubly oxidized cellodextrin
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
C1-oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbate + O2
oxidized cellooligosaccharides + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
cellobionic acid + ? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
phosphoric acid swollen cellulose + ascorbic acid + O2
cellobionic acid + ? + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
reduced xyloglucan oligosaccharide + ascorbic acid + O2
xyloglucan oligosaccharides + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
pure xyloglucan oligosaccharide with DP14
-
-
?
reduced xyloglucan oligosaccharide + ascorbic acid + O2
xyloglucan oligosaccharides + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
pure xyloglucan oligosaccharide with DP14
-
-
?
tamarind xyloglucan + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
tamarind xyloglucan + ascorbic acid + O2
? + dehydroascorbic acid + H2O
-
-
-
?
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n+m + AH2 + O2
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]m-1-(1->4)-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n + A + H2O
-
-
-
?
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n+m + AH2 + O2
[(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]m-1-(1->4)-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + [(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl]n + A + H2O
-
-
-
?
[(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl]6-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose + ascorbate + O2
?
-
-
-
?
[(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl]6-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose + ascorbate + O2
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no substrate: xylan, starch, laminarin, chitin. cleavage of cleavage of hemicelluloses and phosphoric acid swollen cellulose C uses both C1- and C4-oxidizing mechanisms, reaction of EC 1.14.99.54 and EC 1.14.99.56
-
-
?
additional information
?
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enzyme is a family AA13 protein acting on alpha-linked glycosidic bonds
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-
?
additional information
?
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enzyme is a family AA13 protein acting on alpha-linked glycosidic bonds
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-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is a family AA13 protein acting on alpha-linked glycosidic bonds
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-
?
additional information
?
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enzyme catalyzes mixed C1/C4 oxidative cleavage of cellulose, reactions of EC 1.14.99.54 and EC1.14.99.56, and xyloglucan, reaction of lytic xyloglucan monooxygenase, but is inactive toward other (1,4)-linked beta-glucans or chitin and cellooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization DP 3-6. It shows broad specificity on xyloglucan, cleaving any glycosidic bond in the beta-glucan main chain, regardless of xylosyl substitutions. When incubated with a mixture of xyloglucan and cellulose, LPMO9A efficiently attacks the xyloglucan, whereas cellulose conversion is inhibited. no substrates: xyloglucan-heptamer, birchwood xylan, wheat arabinoxylan, konjac glucomannan, ivory nut mannan, beta-glucan from barley, lichenan from Icelandic moss, starch, and spruce galactoglucomannan
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-
?
additional information
?
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enzyme catalyzes mixed C1/C4 oxidative cleavage of cellulose, reactions of EC 1.14.99.54 and EC1.14.99.56, and xyloglucan, reaction of lytic xyloglucan monooxygenase, but is inactive toward other (1,4)-linked beta-glucans or chitin and cellooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization DP 3-6. It shows broad specificity on xyloglucan, cleaving any glycosidic bond in the beta-glucan main chain, regardless of xylosyl substitutions. When incubated with a mixture of xyloglucan and cellulose, LPMO9A efficiently attacks the xyloglucan, whereas cellulose conversion is inhibited. no substrates: xyloglucan-heptamer, birchwood xylan, wheat arabinoxylan, konjac glucomannan, ivory nut mannan, beta-glucan from barley, lichenan from Icelandic moss, starch, and spruce galactoglucomannan
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: carboxymethylcellulose or short cellooligosaccharides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mechanism may follow one electron reduction of PMO-Cu(II) to PMO-Cu(I) by the cellobiose dehydrogenase heme domain followed by oxygen binding and internal electron transfer to form a copper superoxo intermediate. Hydrogen atom abstraction by the copper superoxo at the 1-position of an internal carbohydrate then takes place, generating a copper hydroperoxo intermediate and a substrate radical. The second electron from cellobiose dehydrogenase then facilitates O-O bond cleavage releasing water and generating a copper oxo radical that couples with the substrate radical, thereby hydroxylating the polysaccharide. The additional oxygen atom destabilizes the glycosidic bond leading to elimination of the adjacent glucan and formation of a sugar lactone or ketoaldose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mechanism may follow one electron reduction of PMO-Cu(II) to PMO-Cu(I) by the cellobiose dehydrogenase heme domain followed by oxygen binding and internal electron transfer to form a copper superoxo intermediate. Hydrogen atom abstraction by the copper superoxo at the 1-position of an internal carbohydrate then takes place, generating a copper hydroperoxo intermediate and a substrate radical. The second electron from cellobiose dehydrogenase then facilitates O-O bond cleavage releasing water and generating a copper oxo radical that couples with the substrate radical, thereby hydroxylating the polysaccharide. The additional oxygen atom destabilizes the glycosidic bond leading to elimination of the adjacent glucan and formation of a sugar lactone or ketoaldose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mechanism may follow one electron reduction of PMO-Cu(II) to PMO-Cu(I) by the cellobiose dehydrogenase heme domain followed by oxygen binding and internal electron transfer to form a copper superoxo intermediate. Hydrogen atom abstraction by the copper superoxo at the 1-position of an internal carbohydrate then takes place, generating a copper hydroperoxo intermediate and a substrate radical. The second electron from cellobiose dehydrogenase then facilitates O-O bond cleavage releasing water and generating a copper oxo radical that couples with the substrate radical, thereby hydroxylating the polysaccharide. The additional oxygen atom destabilizes the glycosidic bond leading to elimination of the adjacent glucan and formation of a sugar lactone or ketoaldose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mechanism may follow one electron reduction of PMO-Cu(II) to PMO-Cu(I) by the cellobiose dehydrogenase heme domain followed by oxygen binding and internal electron transfer to form a copper superoxo intermediate. Hydrogen atom abstraction by the copper superoxo at the 4-position of an internal carbohydrate then takes place, generating a copper hydroperoxo intermediate and a substrate radical. The second electron from cellobiose dehydrogenase then facilitates O-O bond cleavage releasing water and generating a copper oxo radical that couples with the substrate radical, thereby hydroxylating the polysaccharide. The additional oxygen atom destabilizes the glycosidic bond leading to elimi