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Information on EC 1.14.15.6 - cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession P05108

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IUBMB Comments
A heme-thiolate protein (cytochrome P-450). The reaction proceeds in three stages, with two hydroxylations at C-22 and C-20 preceding scission of the side-chain between carbons 20 and 22. The initial source of the electrons is NADPH, which transfers the electrons to the adrenodoxin via EC 1.18.1.6, adrenodoxin-NADP+ reductase.
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Homo sapiens
UNIPROT: P05108
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
hide(Overall reactions are displayed. Show all >>)
+
6
reduced adrenodoxin
+
3
+
6
=
+
+
6
oxidized adrenodoxin
+
4
Synonyms
p450scc, cyp11a1, cytochrome p-450scc, cytochrome p450scc, cyp11a, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, p450(scc), cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome p450, cytochrome p450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme
-
cytochrome P450scc
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C27-side chain cleavage enzyme
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-
-
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cholesterol 20-22-desmolase
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-
-
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cholesterol C20-22 desmolase
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-
-
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cholesterol C20-C22 lyase
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-
-
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cholesterol desmolase
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-
-
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cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme
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cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 enzyme
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cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
-
-
-
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cholesterol side-chain-cleaving enzyme
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-
-
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cholesterol side-cleaving enzyme
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CYPXIA1
-
-
-
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cytochrome P-450scc
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-
-
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cytochrome P450scc
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desmolase, steroid 20-22
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-
-
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endoenzymes, cholesterol side-chain-cleaving
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-
-
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enzymes, cholesterol side-chain-cleaving
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-
-
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P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
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P450(scc)
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-
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P450scc
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steroid 20-22 desmolase
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-
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steroid 20-22-lyase
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-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
redox reaction
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-
-
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oxidation
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-
-
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reduction
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-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
cholesterol,reduced-adrenal-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (side-chain-cleaving)
A heme-thiolate protein (cytochrome P-450). The reaction proceeds in three stages, with two hydroxylations at C-22 and C-20 preceding scission of the side-chain between carbons 20 and 22. The initial source of the electrons is NADPH, which transfers the electrons to the adrenodoxin via EC 1.18.1.6, adrenodoxin-NADP+ reductase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
37292-81-2
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(20R,22R)-20,22-dihydroxy-cholesterol + 2 reduced adrenodoxin + O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + 2 oxidized adrenodoxin + 2 H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
(22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol + 2 reduced adrenodoxin + O2
(20R,22R)-20,22-dihydroxycholesterol + 2 oxidized adrenodoxin + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
22(R)-hydroxycholesterol + reduced adrenodoxin + O2
pregnenolone + oxidized adrenodoxin + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
cholesterol + 6 reduced adrenodoxin + 3 O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + 6 oxidized adrenodoxin + 4 H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
overall reaction
-
-
?
cholesterol + 6 reduced adrenodoxin mutant S112W + 3 O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + 6 oxidized adrenodoxin mutant S112W + 4 H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
overall reaction, adrenodoxin mutant S112W gives a 14fold higher catalytic efficiency compared to wild-type adrenodoxin
-
-
?
cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
cholesterol + reduced ferredoxin + O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
cholesterol + 6 reduced adrenodoxin + 3 O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + 6 oxidized adrenodoxin + 4 H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
overall reaction
-
-
?
cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
-
first and rate-limiting enzyme in adrenal steroidogenesis
-
-
?
cholesterol + reduced ferredoxin + O2
pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
-
the catalyzed reaction is not the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis except in placenta which lacks the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, overview, enzyme deficiency by mutations leads to severe disorders, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
cytochrome P450
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-
heme
compound I, i.e. ferryl porphyrin pi-cation radical, is the active species in each of the three sequential monooxygenation reactions by which P450scc catalytically converts Ch to pregnenolone
reduced adrenal ferredoxin
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adrenodoxin
-
i.e. Adx , mechanism of the redox partner interactions, role of adrenodoxin electrostatic contributions, overview. Contruction of an Adx mutant lacking the C-terminal amino acids 113-128 and bearing a S112W point mutation, the mutant shows increased effciency towards CYP11A1-dependent cholesterol conversion. The complex between AdxS112W and CYP11A1 is about 4fold stronger than the respective complex with wild-type Adx, stopped flow kinetics, overview
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cytochrome P450
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-
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Ferredoxin
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-
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Iron
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the enzyme is a cytochrome P450 enzyme
reduced adrenal ferredoxin
-
-
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Fe2+
a cytochrome P450 enzyme
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
leptin interferes with adrenocorticotropin/cAMP signaling, possibly through a janus kinase 2-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt-phosphodiesterase 3-cAMP pathway, to down-regulate the enzyme in NCI-H295 cells, leptin negatively controls ACTH/cholera toxin-induced CYP11A1 promoter activity to inhibit P450scc expression, mechanism, overview
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Runx2
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activation of CYP11A1 by the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 may contribute to attenuation of osteoblast growth. Runx2 binds to the CYP11A1 gene promoter, CYP11A1 is a direct target of Runx2
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
additional information
-
decrease in concentration of adrenodoxin reductase causes a decrease in Km-values for cholesterol and adrenodoxin, in mitochondria, cholesterol is near-saturating for enzyme activity due to low and rate-limiting concentration of adrenodoxin reductase present
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
7.3
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assay at
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
-
assay at
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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breast cancer cell, expresses both the 55-kDa isoform and the 32-kDa truncated isoform of CYP11A1
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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adrenocortical cell line
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
membrane topology, overview
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
metabolism
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CYP11A1 is a Runx2-responsive gene and may represent an integral component of a biological program that is controlled by Runx2 to regulate enzymes mediating sterol/steroid metabolism
physiological function
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cytochrome P450scc metabolizes vitamin D3 to 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 20,23-dihydroxyvitamin D3, as well as 1-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1alpha,20-dihydroxyvitamin D3. It also cleaves the side chain of 7-dehydrocholesterol producing 7-dehydropregnenolone, which can be transformed to 20-hydroxy-7-dehydropregnenolone. The secosteroids inhibit proliferation and induce erythroid differentiation of diverse leukemic cells, and are only slightly less potent than 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, but show no or lower calcemic activity compared to 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, molecular modeling, overview
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
CP11A_HUMAN
521
0
60102
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
120000
-
x * 120000, fusion protein of enzyme plus adrenodoxin reductase plus adrenodoxin
32000
-
truncated form, Western blot analysis
55000
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full-length form, Western blot analysis
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
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x * 120000, fusion protein of enzyme plus adrenodoxin reductase plus adrenodoxin
additional information
-
the enzyme structure possesses a substrate access channel, the F-G loop is a membrane-interacting area
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
c835delA
a naturally occuring CYP11A1 frameshift mutation, heterozygous mutant, phenotype, overview
L141W
a naturally occuring CYP11A1 missense mutation, heterozygous mutant, phenotype, overview
V415E
a naturally occuring CYP11A1 missense mutation, heterozygous mutant, phenotype, overview
additional information
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene CYP11A1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination of wild-type and mutant enzymes, expression in HeLa cells and COS-1 cells, functional studies of P450scc RNA splicing
expressed from pCMV-SPORT6 vector
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CYP11A1 expression is induced by Runx2in osteoblasts
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
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significant inversed statistical correlation of enzyme immunoreactivity with residual size of tumor in epithelial ovarian carcinoma, but correlation is not an independent prognostic value
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Abd-Elaziz, M.; Moriya, T.; Akahira, J.; Suzuki, T.; Sasano, H.
StAR and progesterone producing enzymes (3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochromes P450) in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma: immunohistochemical and real-time PCR studies
Cancer Sci.
96
232-239
2005
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nazarov, P.A.; Drutsa, V.L.; Miller, W.L.; Shkumatov, V.M.; Luzikov, V.N.; Novikova, L.A.
Formation and functioning of fused cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzymes
DNA Cell Biol.
22
243-252
2003
Bos taurus, Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tuckey, R.C.; Headlam, M.J.
Placental cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1): comparison of catalytic properties between conditions of limiting and saturating adrenodoxin reductase
J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.
81
153-158
2002
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Pikuleva, I.A.
Cholesterol-metabolizing cytochromes P450
Drug Metab. Dispos.
34
513-520
2006
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hsu, H.T.; Chang, Y.C.; Chiu, Y.N.; Liu, C.L.; Chang, K.J.; Guo, I.C.
Leptin interferes with adrenocorticotropin/3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, possibly through a janus kinase 2-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt-phosphodiesterase 3-cAMP pathway, to down-regulate cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 enzyme in human adrenocortical NCI-H295 cell line
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
91
:2761-2769
2006
Homo sapiens
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kim, C.J.; Lin, L.; Huang, N.; Quigley, C.A.; AvRuskin, T.W.; Achermann, J.C.; Miller, W.L.
Severe combined adrenal and gonadal deficiency caused by novel mutations in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
93
696-702
2008
Homo sapiens (P05108), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Teplyuk, N.M.; Zhang, Y.; Lou, Y.; Hawse, J.R.; Hassan, M.Q.; Teplyuk, V.I.; Pratap, J.; Galindo, M.; Stein, J.L.; Stein, G.S.; Lian, J.B.; van Wijnen, A.J.
The osteogenic transcription factor runx2 controls genes involved in sterol/steroid metabolism, including CYP11A1 in osteoblasts
Mol. Endocrinol.
23
849-861
2009
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Slominski, A.T.; Janjetovic, Z.; Fuller, B.E.; Zmijewski, M.A.; Tuckey, R.C.; Nguyen, M.N.; Sweatman, T.; Li, W.; Zjawiony, J.; Miller, D.; Chen, T.C.; Lozanski, G.; Holick, M.F.
Products of vitamin D3 or 7-dehydrocholesterol metabolism by cytochrome P450scc show anti-leukemia effects, having low or absent calcemic activity
PLoS ONE
5
e9907
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Schiffler, B.; Zoellner, A.; Bernhardt, R.
Kinetic and optical biosensor study of adrenodoxin mutant AdxS112W displaying an enhanced interaction towards the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1)
Eur. Biophys. J.
40
1275-1282
2011
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Davydov, R.; Strushkevich, N.; Smil, D.; Yantsevich, A.; Gilep, A.; Usanov, S.; Hoffman, B.M.
Evidence that compound I is the active species in both the hydroxylase and lyase steps by which P450scc converts cholesterol to pregnenolone EPR/ENDOR/cryoreduction/annealing Studies
Biochemistry
54
7089-7097
2015
Homo sapiens (P05108)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team