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Information on EC 1.14.15.21 - zeaxanthin epoxidase and Organism(s) Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and UniProt Accession Q40412

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IUBMB Comments
A flavoprotein (FAD) that is active under conditions of low light. Along with EC 1.23.5.1, violaxanthin de-epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle, which is involved in protecting the plant against damage by excess light. It will also epoxidize lutein in some higher-plant species.
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This record set is specific for:
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
UNIPROT: Q40412
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
hide(Overall reactions are displayed. Show all >>)
+
4
reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
+
4
+
2
=
+
4
oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
+
2
Synonyms
lhcii, zeaxanthin epoxidase, temperature-induced lipocalin, lipocalin-like protein, chloroplastic lipocalin, aba2 protein, zea-epoxidase, zeaxanthin-epoxidase, violaxanthin cycle enzyme, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
zeaxanthin,reduced ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase
A flavoprotein (FAD) that is active under conditions of low light. Along with EC 1.23.5.1, violaxanthin de-epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle, which is involved in protecting the plant against damage by excess light. It will also epoxidize lutein in some higher-plant species.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
149718-34-3
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
show the reaction diagram
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
show the reaction diagram
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, but has no regulating function on abscisic acid synthesis, overview
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
show the reaction diagram
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
show the reaction diagram
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, but has no regulating function on abscisic acid synthesis, overview
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
enzyme has a FAD-binding domain
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
cv. viviani, mutant impaired in the first step of the abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
SwissProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
maximal accumulation of xanthophylls occurrs at mid-development
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
ABA2_NICPL
663
1
72524
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 5)
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
seed dormancy is impaired in mutants of conversion of zeaxanthin into violaxanthin by zeaxanthin epoxidase, seed dormancy is restored by the introduction of the Arabidopsis thaliana ZEP gene under the control of promoters inducing expression during later stages of seed development compared to wild type Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ZEP, and in dry and imbibed seeds, alterations in the timing and level of ZEP expression do not highly affect the temporal regulation of ABA accumulation in transgenic seeds, despite notable perturbations in xanthophyll accumulation, overview
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Escherichia coli
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Marin, E.; Nussaume, L.; Quesada, A.; Gonneau, M.; Sotta, B.; Hugueney, P.; Frey, A.; Marion-Poll, A.
Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana
EMBO J.
15
2331-2342
1996
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Q40412), Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Frey, A.; Boutin, J.P.; Sotta, B.; Mercier, R.; Marion-Poll, A.
Regulation of carotenoid and ABA accumulation during the development and germination of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia seeds
Planta
224
622-632
2006
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
Manually annotated by BRENDA team