We're sorry, but BRENDA doesn't work properly without JavaScript. Please make sure you have JavaScript enabled in your browser settings.
Information on EC 1.14.14.95 - germacrene A hydroxylase for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.14.14.95
Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
IUBMB Comments A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein. This plant enzyme catalyses three steps in a pathway that leads to the biosynthesis of many sesquiterpenoid lactones.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
(+)-germacrene A hydroxylase, GAO, germacrene A oxidase, NADP+-dependent sesquiterpenoid dehydrogenase,
more
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
(+)-germacrene A hydroxylase
-
-
NADP+-dependent sesquiterpenoid dehydrogenase
-
-
GAO
-
germacrene A oxidase
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
(+)-germacrene A + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
overall reaction
-
-
-
(+)-germacrene A + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
(1a)
-
-
-
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-al + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
(1c)
-
-
-
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-al + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O
(1b)
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
hydroxylation
-
C13-hydroxylation
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
(+)-germacrene-A,[reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (12-hydroxylating)
A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein. This plant enzyme catalyses three steps in a pathway that leads to the biosynthesis of many sesquiterpenoid lactones.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
(+)-germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
beta-elemene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-ol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
the amount of (+)-beta-elemene hydroxylated is 2times less than that of (-)-beta-elemene
-
-
?
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + 2 O2 + 2 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + 2 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 H2O
germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
12-hydroxygermacrene A + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
(+)-germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
100% activity
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol is also named costol
-
?
(+)-germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
30% activity with NADH as compared to NADPH
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol is also named costol
-
?
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + 2 O2 + 2 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + 2 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 H2O
-
-
-
-
?
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + 2 O2 + 2 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]
germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + 2 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 H2O
-
-
-
?
germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
12-hydroxygermacrene A + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
-
-
?
germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
12-hydroxygermacrene A + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
-
-
?
germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
12-hydroxygermacrene A + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
-
-
?
germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
12-hydroxygermacrene A + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
-
-
?
germacrene A + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
12-hydroxygermacrene A + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
flavin
-
an assay buffer without flavins (FAD and FMN) gives 18% loss of hydroxylase activity. However, omitting these flavins from the extraction buffer results in a loss of more than 70% in enzyme activity
cytochrome P-450
-
-
cytochrome P-450
-
required for activity, the combination of NADPH with NADH shows an additive effect on enzyme activity (120%)
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
aminobenzotriazole
-
26% inhibition at 0.1 mM
carbon monoxide
-
blue-light reversible inhibition, an atmosphere of 80% CO plus 20% O2 inhibits (+)-germacrene A hydroxylase by 69%
clotrimazole
-
016% inhibition at 0.1 mM
cytochrome c
-
97% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Metyrapone
-
23% inhibition at 1 mM
miconazole
-
30% inhibition at 0.1 mM
additional information
-
flushing the reaction mixture for 1.5 min with argon prior to incubation causes a 69% decrease of enzyme activity because of O2 depletion
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
6 - 9
-
60% of maximal enzyme activity at pH 7.5 and 9.0 (no difference in activity between bis-Tris and Tris buffer)
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
-
UniProt
brenda
-
UniProt
brenda
-
UniProt
brenda
-
UniProt
brenda
-
UniProt
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
-
-
-
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GAO_BARSP
496
0
55699
Swiss-Prot
GAO_CICIN
488
0
54972
Swiss-Prot
GAO_HELAN
488
0
55088
Swiss-Prot
GAO_LACSA
488
0
54963
Swiss-Prot
GAO_SAUCO
488
0
55032
Swiss-Prot
GAO_TANPA
488
0
55063
Swiss-Prot
A0A3Q8QEF5_CICIN
488
0
54972
TrEMBL
A0A396I508_MEDTR
316
1
35732
TrEMBL
A0A3S8NUY8_CICEN
488
0
54963
TrEMBL
A0A251SU99_HELAN
488
0
55088
TrEMBL
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
54900
calculated from amino acid sequence
54900
calculated from amino acid sequence
54900
calculated from amino acid sequence
54900
calculated from amino acid sequence
54900
calculated from amino acid sequence
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YPL 154C:Pep4 KO; expressed in the protease-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPL 154C:Pep4 KO strain
expressed in the protease-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPL 154C:Pep4 KO strain
expressed in the protease-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPL 154C:Pep4 KO strain
expressed in the protease-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPL 154C:Pep4 KO strain
expressed in the protease-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPL 154C:Pep4 KO strain
expressed in the protease-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPL 154C:Pep4 KO strain
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Nguyen, D.; Goepfert, J.; Ikezawa, N.; MacNevin, G.; Kathiresan, M.; Conrad, J.; Spring, O.; Ro, D.
Biochemical conservation and evolution of germacrene A oxidase in Asteraceae
J. Biol. Chem.
285
16588-16598
2010
Barnadesia spinosa, Barnadesia spinosa (D5JBX1), Cichorium intybus, Cichorium intybus (D5JBW8), Helianthus annuus (D5JBX0), Lactuca sativa (D5J9U8), Saussurea costus (D5JBW9)
brenda
De Kraker, K.J.; Franssen, M.; Dalm, M.; de, G.A.; Bouwmeester, H.
Biosynthesis of germacrene A carboxylic acid in chicory roots. Demonstration of a cytochrome P450 (+)-germacrene a hydroxylase and NADP+-dependent sesquiterpenoid dehydrogenase(s) involved in sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis
Plant Physiol.
125
1930-1940
2001
Cichorium intybus
brenda
Select items on the left to see more content.
html completed