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Information on EC 1.14.14.17 - squalene monooxygenase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q8VYH2
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1.14.14.17 squalene monooxygenaseIUBMB Comments
A flavoprotein (FAD). This enzyme, together with EC 5.4.99.7, lanosterol synthase, was formerly known as squalene oxidocyclase. The electron donor is EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH---hemoprotein reductase [5,7].
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Word Map
- 1.14.14.17
- cholesterol
- sterol
- terbinafine
- ergosterol
- trichophyton
- mevalonate
- lanosterol
- allylamine
- 2,3-oxidosqualene
- hmg-coa
- itraconazole
- mentagrophytes
- rubrum
- oxidosqualene
-
terbinafine-resistant
- tellurium
- tinea
- naftifine
- interdigitale
-
antimycotic
-
bloch
-
griseofulvin
-
dammarenediol
-
dermatophytoses
- cycloartenol
- beta-amyrin
- medicine
-
corporis
- drug development
- nutrition
- biotechnology
- pharmacology
-
cholesterogenic
- synthesis
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
squalene epoxidase, squalene monooxygenase, erg1p, erg1 protein, pgsqe1, pgsqe2, tksqe1, squalene epoxidase 1, squalene-2,3-epoxide cyclase, squalene mono-oxygenase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
hydroxylase, squalene
-
-
-
-
oxygenase, squalene mono-
-
-
-
-
squalene 2,3-oxidocyclase
-
-
-
-
squalene epoxidase
squalene hydroxylase
-
-
-
-
squalene oxydocyclase
-
-
-
-
squalene-2,3-epoxidase
-
-
-
-
squalene-2,3-epoxide cyclase
-
-
-
-
squalene epoxidase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
oxidation
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
epoxidation
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
squalene,NADPH-hemoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxidizing
A flavoprotein (FAD). This enzyme, together with EC 5.4.99.7, lanosterol synthase, was formerly known as squalene oxidocyclase. The electron donor is EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH---hemoprotein reductase [5,7].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9029-62-3
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
squalene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
(3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
squalene + AH2 + O2
(S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide + A + H2O
-
-
-
?
squalene + AH2 + O2
(S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide + A + H2O
production of the precursor for all known angiosperm cyclic triterpenoids, which include membrane sterols, brassinosteroid phytohormones, and non-steroidal triterpenoids, overview
-
-
?
squalene + AH2 + O2
(S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide + A + H2O
-
-
-
?
squalene + AH2 + O2
(S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide + A + H2O
production of the precursor for all known angiosperm cyclic triterpenoids, which include membrane sterols, brassinosteroid phytohormones, and non-steroidal triterpenoids, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
squalene + AH2 + O2
(S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide + A + H2O
production of the precursor for all known angiosperm cyclic triterpenoids, which include membrane sterols, brassinosteroid phytohormones, and non-steroidal triterpenoids, overview
-
-
?
squalene + AH2 + O2
(S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide + A + H2O
production of the precursor for all known angiosperm cyclic triterpenoids, which include membrane sterols, brassinosteroid phytohormones, and non-steroidal triterpenoids, overview
-
-
?
squalene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
(3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0009
terbinafine
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
drought hypersensitive/squalene epoxidase 1-5 mutant has altered sterol composition in roots but wild-type sterol composition in shoots (GC-MS analysis)
-
drought hypersensitive/squalene epoxidase 1-5 mutant has altered sterol composition in roots but wild-type sterol composition in shoots (GC-MS analysis)
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
-
the isoform SQE3 is able to complement isoform SQE1 function
physiological function
-
the enzyme is important for embryo development and bulk squalene epoxidase activity
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). ERG16_ARATH
525
3
57099
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ3 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Homozygous sqe1-3 plants are completely infertile whether grown in soil or hydroponically. eed pods of sqe1-3 plants grown hydroponically elongated nearly normally, but sqe1-3 siliques are slightly thinner than wild type and contained shriveled, inviable seeds, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ3 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Homozygous sqe1-3 plants are completely infertile whether grown in soil or hydroponically. eed pods of sqe1-3 plants grown hydroponically elongated nearly normally, but sqe1-3 siliques are slightly thinner than wild type and contained shriveled, inviable seeds, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ3 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Homozygous sqe1-3 plants are completely infertile whether grown in soil or hydroponically. eed pods of sqe1-3 plants grown hydroponically elongated nearly normally, but sqe1-3 siliques are slightly thinner than wild type and contained shriveled, inviable seeds, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ3 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Homozygous sqe1-3 plants are completely infertile whether grown in soil or hydroponically. eed pods of sqe1-3 plants grown hydroponically elongated nearly normally, but sqe1-3 siliques are slightly thinner than wild type and contained shriveled, inviable seeds, phenotypes, overview
additional information
-
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ3 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Homozygous sqe1-3 plants are completely infertile whether grown in soil or hydroponically. eed pods of sqe1-3 plants grown hydroponically elongated nearly normally, but sqe1-3 siliques are slightly thinner than wild type and contained shriveled, inviable seeds, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ1 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ1 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ1 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ1 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
-
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ1 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ2 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ2 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ2 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ2 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotype, overview
additional information
-
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ2 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ4 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ4 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ4 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ4 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
additional information
-
construction of mutant transgenic plants with defective isozyme SQ4 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transfection method, sqe1 mutants show severe developmental defects, including reduced root and hypocotyl elongation, adult sqe1-3 and sqe1-4 plants have diminished stature and produce inviable seeds, the sqe1-3 mutant accumulates squalene, consistent with a block in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, phenotypes, overview
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene sq1-1 encoding isozyme SQ1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, expression in enzyme-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain RXY6.2
Arabidopsis drought hypersensitive/squalene epoxidase 1-5 mutant is extremely hypersensitivity to drought stress (squalene epoxidase knocked out), stomatal and root defects of the mutant are associated with altered production of reactive oxygen species
-
gene sq1-1 encoding isozyme SQ1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, expression in enzyme-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain RXY6.2
gene sq1-2 encoding isozyme SQ2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, expression in enzyme-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain RXY6.2
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Rasbery, J.M.; Shan, H.; LeClair, R.J.; Norman, M.; Matsuda, S.P.; Bartel, B.
Arabidopsis thaliana squalene epoxidase 1 is essential for root and seed development
J. Biol. Chem.
282
17002-17013
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana (O65403), Arabidopsis thaliana (O81000), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8VYH2), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SM02), Arabidopsis thaliana
Pose, D.; Castanedo, I.; Borsani, O.; Nieto, B.; Rosado, A.; Taconnat, L.; Ferrer, A.; Dolan, L.; Valpuesta, V.; Botella, M.A.
Identification of the Arabidopsis dry2/sqe1-5 mutant reveals a central role for sterols in drought tolerance and regulation of reactive oxygen species
Plant J.
59
63-76
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
Laranjeira, S.; Amorim-Silva, V.; Esteban, A.; Arro, M.; Ferrer, A.; Tavares, R.M.; Botella, M.A.; Rosado, A.; Azevedo, H.
Arabidopsis squalene epoxidase 3 (SQE3) complements SQE1 and is important for embryo development and bulk squalene epoxidase activity
Mol. Plant
8
1090-1102
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana
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