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Information on EC 1.14.14.158 - carotenoid epsilon hydroxylase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q93VK5

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IUBMB Comments
A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein.
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This record set is specific for:
Arabidopsis thaliana
UNIPROT: Q93VK5
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
cyp97c, citcyp97c, cyp97c19, carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylase, epsilon carotene hydroxylase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
CYP97C1
epsilon ring hydroxylase
-
-
epsilon-ring hydroxylase
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hydroxylation
-
epsilon-ring hydroxylation
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
alpha-carotene,[reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein.
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
alpha-carotene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
beta-carotene + reduced cytochrome P-450 + O2
zeaxanthin + oxidized cytochrome P-450 + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
alpha-carotene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
alpha-cryptoxanthin + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
alpha-carotene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
beta-carotene + reduced cytochrome P-450 + O2
zeaxanthin + oxidized cytochrome P-450 + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
zeinoxanthin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
alpha-carotene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
beta-carotene + reduced cytochrome P-450 + O2
zeaxanthin + oxidized cytochrome P-450 + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
alpha-carotene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
beta-carotene + reduced cytochrome P-450 + O2
zeaxanthin + oxidized cytochrome P-450 + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Fe2+
a heme-containing cytochrome P450 enzyme
Fe2+
a heme-containing cytochrome P450 enzyme
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
gene lut5
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
quadruple chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant lacks lutein and shows a compensatory increase in beta-xanthophylls with respect to the chy1chy2lut5 mutant. Chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant plants show an even stronger photosensitivity than mutant chy1chy2lut5, a complete lack of qE, the rapidly reversible component of non-photochemical quenching, and a peculiar organization of the pigment binding complexes into thylakoids. The chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant is depleted in Lhcb subunits and is specifically affected in Photosystem I function, showing a deficiency in PSI-LHCI supercomplexes, phenotype, overview
metabolism
the first step in xanthophyll biosynthesis from alpha- and beta-carotene is the hydroxylation of epsilon- and beta-rings, performed by both non-heme iron oxygenases CHY1 and CHY2, and by P450 cytochromes, LUT1/CYP97C1 and LUT5/CYP97A3. CHY1, CHY2, LUT1/CYP97C1 and LUT5/CYP97A3 are the complete complement of carotene hydroxylases in Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in xanthophyll biosynthesis, correlation between xanthophyll levels and the PSI-PSII ratio, xanthophylls are needed for normal level of Photosystem I and LHCII accumulation
malfunction
metabolism
the first step in xanthophyll biosynthesis from alpha- and beta-carotene is the hydroxylation of epsilon- and beta-rings, performed by both non-heme iron oxygenases CHY1 and CHY2, and by P450 cytochromes, LUT1/CYP97C1 and LUT5/CYP97A3. CHY1, CHY2, LUT1/CYP97C1 and LUT5/CYP97A3 are the complete complement of carotene hydroxylases in Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in xanthophyll biosynthesis, correlation between xanthophyll levels and the PSI-PSII ratio, xanthophylls are needed for normal level of Photosystem I and LHCII accumulation
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
LUT5_ARATH
595
0
66846
Swiss-Prot
-
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
genes lut1 and lut5, real-time PCR expression analysis
genes lut1 and lut5, real-time PCR expression analysis
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Kim, J.; Cheng, K.; Craft, N.; Hamberger, B.; Douglas, C.
Over-expression of Arabidopsis thaliana carotenoid hydroxylases individually and in combination with a beta-carotene ketolase provides insight into in vivo functions
Phytochemistry
71
168-178
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Pogson, B.; McDonald, K.A.; Truong, M.; Britton, G.; DellaPenna, D.
Arabidopsis carotenoid mutants demonstrate that lutein is not essential for photosynthesis in higher plants
Plant Cell
8
1627-1639
1996
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tian, L.; Musetti, V.; Kim, J.; Magallanes-Lundback, M.; DellaPenna, D.
The Arabidopsis LUT1 locus encodes a member of the cytochrome p450 family that is required for carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylation activity
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
101
402-407
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kim, J.; DellaPenna, D.
Defining the primary route for lutein synthesis in plants: the role of Arabidopsis carotenoid beta-ring hydroxylase CYP97A3
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
103
3474-3479
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Fiore, A.; DallOsto, L.; Cazzaniga, S.; Diretto, G.; Giuliano, G.; Bassi, R.
A quadruple mutant of Arabidopsis reveals a beta-carotene hydroxylation activity for LUT1/CYP97C1 and a regulatory role of xanthophylls on determination of the PSI/PSII ratio
BMC Plant Biol.
12
50
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q6TBX7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q93VK5)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team