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Information on EC 1.14.13.251 - glycine betaine monooxygenase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.14.13.251
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
1.14.13 With NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor
1.14.13.251 glycine betaine monooxygenase
IUBMB Comments
The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromohalobacter salexigens, is involved in a degradation pathway of glycine betaine. It is composed of two subunits - a ferredoxin reductase component that contains FAD, and a terminal oxygenase component that contains a [2Fe-2S] Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster and a nonheme iron centre.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
showSynonyms
bmoab, gbcab, csal_1004, csal_1005, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
BmoA
bmoAB
-
-
-
-
BmoB
Csal_1004
Csal_1005
gbcAB
-
-
-
-
glycine betaine dioxygenase
-
-
incorrect
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
glycine betaine + NADH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
MetaCyc
glycine betaine degradation III
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
glycine betaine,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromohalobacter salexigens, is involved in a degradation pathway of glycine betaine. It is composed of two subunits - a ferredoxin reductase component that contains FAD, and a terminal oxygenase component that contains a [2Fe-2S] Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster and a nonheme iron centre.
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
glycine betaine + NADH + H+ + O2
N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycine betaine + NADH + H+ + O2
N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycine betaine + NADPH + H+ + O2
N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycine betaine + NADPH + H+ + O2
N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: FMN is the most favored electron acceptor for BmoB compared with FAD and riboflavin
Products: -
Products: -
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additional information
?
-
Substrates: FMN is the most favored electron acceptor for BmoB compared with FAD and riboflavin
Products: -
Products: -
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
glycine betaine + NADH + H+ + O2
N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycine betaine + NADH + H+ + O2
N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycine betaine + NADPH + H+ + O2
N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycine betaine + NADPH + H+ + O2
N,N-dimethylglycine + formaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: FMN is the most favored electron acceptor for BmoB compared with FAD and riboflavin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: FMN is the most favored electron acceptor for BmoB compared with FAD and riboflavin
Products: -
Products: -
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NADH
NADH is the preferred electron donor over NADPH
NADPH
NADH is the preferred electron donor over NADPH
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Iron
contents of iron and acid-labile sulfide in the purified enzyme are 1.88 mol and 1.76 mol per mol BmoB
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
Q1QYU6 i.e. oxidoreductase FAD-binding protein BmoB, Q1QYU7 i.e. Rieske (2Fe-2S) protein BmoA
UniProt
brenda
Q1QYU6 i.e. oxidoreductase FAD-binding protein BmoB, Q1QYU7 i.e. Rieske (2Fe-2S) protein BmoA
UniProt
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
metabolism
physiological function
evolution
BmoA belongs to group V of the Rieske nonheme iron oxygenase family
evolution
-
BmoA belongs to group V of the Rieske nonheme iron oxygenase family
-
metabolism
in the presence of BmoB, NADH, and flavin, BmoA can aerobically degrade glycine betaine to dimethylglycine with the concomitant production of formaldehyde. BmoA exhibits strict substrate specificity for glycine betaine, and its demethylation activity is stimulated by Fe2+
metabolism
-
in the presence of BmoB, NADH, and flavin, BmoA can aerobically degrade glycine betaine to dimethylglycine with the concomitant production of formaldehyde. BmoA exhibits strict substrate specificity for glycine betaine, and its demethylation activity is stimulated by Fe2+
-
physiological function
-
PA5410 gene encodes a protein with homology to the large subunit of bacterial hydroxylating dioxygenases. The PA5411 gene encodes a probable flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding ferrodoxin reductase. A strain lacking the genes A5410/PA5411 is defective in growth on choline or glycine betaine but can grow on dimethylglycine. When grown in minimal medium with glucose or pyruvate as the sole carbon source, the growth rate of the mutant strain is indistinguishable from wild-type. The PA5410 and PA5411 genes are also necessary for the utilization of choline and glycine betaine as sole nitrogen sources but are not required for the utilization dimethylglycine, sarcosine, or lysine
physiological function
-
deletion of the GbcAB betaine catabolism genes reduces osmotolerance at a high osmolarity. At high osmolarity, the mutant lacking GbcAB accumulates high betaine levels and low endogenous solutes and exhibits reduced expression of the solute synthesis genes. The GbcAB mutant and a mutant deficient in the synthesis of the compatible solutes NAGGN and trehalose exhibit similar reductions in osmotolerance and also in fitness on bean leaves. Activation of betaine catabolism at high osmotic stress results, in part, from induction of transcriptional activator GbdR
physiological function
enzyme is involved in a degradation pathway of glycine betaine. Escherichia coli expressing Bmoa/BmoB accumulates dimethylglycine. BmoB is an NADH-dependent flavin reductase with one noncovalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its prosthetic group
physiological function
-
enzyme is involved in a degradation pathway of glycine betaine. Escherichia coli expressing Bmoa/BmoB accumulates dimethylglycine. BmoB is an NADH-dependent flavin reductase with one noncovalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its prosthetic group
-
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). GBMOO_PSEAB
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain UCBPP-PA14)
429
0
48680
Swiss-Prot
-
GBMOR_PSEAB
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain UCBPP-PA14)
366
0
40535
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4)
GBMOR_CHRSD
Chromohalobacter salexigens (strain ATCC BAA-138 / DSM 3043 / CIP 106854 / NCIMB 13768 / 1H11)
368
0
41164
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
GBMOO_CHRSD
Chromohalobacter salexigens (strain ATCC BAA-138 / DSM 3043 / CIP 106854 / NCIMB 13768 / 1H11)
445
0
50393
Swiss-Prot
-
GBMOR_PSEAE
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1)
366
0
40535
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
GBMOO_PSEAE
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1)
429
0
48666
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 1)
A0A448BV20_PSEFL
429
0
48666
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A6A9JVA5_PSEAI
429
0
48650
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0ABD7KA45_PSEAI
429
0
48700
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A6VEM3_PSEP7
Pseudomonas paraeruginosa (strain DSM 24068 / PA7)
429
0
48668
TrEMBL
-
A6VEM5_PSEP7
Pseudomonas paraeruginosa (strain DSM 24068 / PA7)
366
0
40535
TrEMBL
-
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
tetramer
tetramer
3 * 52500, subunit BmoA, plus 1 * 47700, subunit BmoB, SDS-PAGE
tetramer
-
3 * 52500, subunit BmoA, plus 1 * 47700, subunit BmoB, SDS-PAGE
-
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
BmoA-His6 solution is very unstable and maintains no more than 10% residual activity when stored for 2 weeks at -40°C in elution buffer with no addition of enzyme stabilizer
His6-BmoB is stable for at least 2 weeks when stored at -40°C in elution buffer with no addition of enzyme stabilizer
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
betaine catabolism is subject to partial repression by succinate under hyperosmotic stress conditions, in contrast to strong repression in the absence of stress
-
expression is induced by growth on glycine betaine or dimethylglycine as sole nitrogen sources
-
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Shao, Y.; Guo, L.; Zhang, Y.; Yu, H.; Zhao, B.; Pang, H.; Lu, W.
Glycine betaine monooxygenase, an unusual Riesketype oxygenase system, catalyzes the oxidative N-demethylation of glycine betaine in Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
84
e00377-18
2018
Chromohalobacter israelensis (Q1QYU6 and Q1QYU7), Chromohalobacter israelensis DSM 3043 (Q1QYU6 and Q1QYU7)
brenda
Wargo, M.; Szwergold, B.; Hogan, D.
Identification of two gene clusters and a transcriptional regulator required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa glycine betaine catabolism
J. Bacteriol.
190
2690-2699
2008
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
brenda
Li, S.; Yu, X.; Beattie, G.A.
Glycine betaine catabolism contributes to Pseudomonas syringae tolerance to hyperosmotic stress by relieving betaine-mediated suppression of compatible solute synthesis
J. Bacteriol.
195
2415-2423
2013
Pseudomonas syringae
brenda
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 1.14.13.251)
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