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Information on EC 1.14.11.13 - gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.14.11.13
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
1.14.11 With 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into each donor
1.14.11.13 gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase
IUBMB Comments
Also acts on a number of other gibberellins.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
- 1.14.11.13
-
dwarf
- ga1
- ga20ox
-
3-oxidase
-
ga-deficient
- dellas
-
psga3ox1
-
semi-dwarfism
- paclobutrazol
-
2beta-hydroxylation
-
ga-deactivating
-
ga-biosynthesis
-
2-oxidation
-
ent-kaurenoic
- agriculture
- biofuel production
Reaction Schemes
showSynonyms
2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, ga2ox, ga 2-oxidase, psga2ox1, psga2ox2, gibberellin 2-oxidase, ga2ox1, ga2ox7, ga2ox2, ga2ox3, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
GA 2-oxidase
GA2ox
GA2ox1
GA2ox2
class I, acts as C19-GA 2-oxidase, most highly expressed throughout development
GA2ox6
GA2ox7
gibberellin 2-oxidase
gibberellin 2-oxidase 1
gibberellin 2-oxidase 6
gibberellin 2beta-hydroxylase
-
-
-
-
GA2ox6
class II, acts as C19-GA 2-oxidase, most highly expressed throughout development, is reported to have activity against GA4 and GA1, in this study no C20-GA 2-oxidase activity against GA12 and GA53 in an in vitro assay with lysates of Escherichia coli expressing GA2ox6 and 14C-labeled gibberellin substrates
gibberellin 2-oxidase
-
4 partially characterized gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2ox) (GA2ox1 to GA2ox4), 2 uncharacterized GA2oxs (GA2ox5 and GA2ox6), 4 other (GA2oxs GA2ox7 to GA2ox9, GA2ox10 is probably a pseudogene)
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
also acts on a number of gibberellins
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
oxidation
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
MetaCyc
gibberellin inactivation I (2beta-hydroxylation)
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(gibberellin-1),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2beta-hydroxylating)
Also acts on a number of other gibberellins.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
85713-20-8
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
16,17-dihydro gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
16,17-dihydro gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
16,17-dihydrogibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
16,17-dihydrogibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + ?
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: inactivation of the plant hormone gibberellin by oxidation
Products: inactivation of the plant hormone gibberellin by oxidation
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2 + H2O
-
Substrates: 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM 2-oxoglutarate, 5 mM ascorbate, 0.5 mM FeSO4, overnight incubation with 2H2-labeled substrates at 30°C
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 15 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 24 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 15 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 25 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 20 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 5 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 24 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 9 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 25 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 46 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 3 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
?
Substrates: measurement of gibberellin responsiveness of GA2ox genes in the developmental series of wild-type plants, spraying of the plants with 100 microM substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 4 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2 + H2O
-
Substrates: 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM 2-oxoglutarate, 5 mM ascorbate, 0.5 mM FeSO4, overnight incubation with 2H2-labeled substrates at 30°C
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 47 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 methyl-ester + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 methyl-ester + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 98 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 9 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 40 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
[1,2,3-3H3]gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
[2,3-3H2]gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
?
-
Substrates: isoenzyme II
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: gibberellin 12 and 53
Products: gibberellin 110, the product of gibberellin 12
Products: gibberellin 110, the product of gibberellin 12
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
Substrates: catabolization of biologically active gibberellin
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: catabolization of biologically active gibberellin
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: inactivates hormonal function of giberellins
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: marked preference for 3-hydroxylated gibberellins as substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: major gibberellin catabolic enzyme
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: GA2ox6 in vitro activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: multifunctional enzyme catalyzing 2beta hydroxylation and 2-ketone formation of the C19-gibberellin substrates giberellin 9, gibberellin 20 gibberellin 1 and gibberellin 4
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: inactivation of bioactive gibberellins
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: PsGAox1 and PsGAox2
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: biologically inactive product
Products: biologically inactive product
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: involved in gibberellin biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes 2beta hydroxylation of C20- but not C19-gibberellins
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: GA2ox5 and GA2ox6
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: GA2ox6 in vitro activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: PsGAox1but not PsGAox2
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: inactivated product
Products: inactivated product
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 29 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: the efficiency of deactivation of exogenous gibberellin 4 by the enzyme is dependent on light conditions
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: GA2ox6 in vitro activity and other gibberellin 2-oxidase activities with 14C-labeled substrate (in 10% methanol) applied to the shoot apex of plants
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 34 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 53 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 97 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 53 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 97 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: GA2ox5 and GA2ox6
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 53 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 97 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 51 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 51 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: GA2ox6 in vitro activity and other gibberellin 2-oxidase activities with 14C-labeled substrate (in 10% methanol) applied to the shoot apex of plants
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 51 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 51 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 51 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 51 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 51 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 51 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
[1,2-3H2]gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
[1,2-3H2]gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
?
-
Substrates: isoenzyme I
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: gibberellin 20 do not serve as substrates for the enzyme
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no substrate: 2,2-dimethylgibberllin4. 2,2-dimethylgibberllin4 is significantly more effective in inducing ga1-3 germination than gibberllin4 when the seeds are imbibed in the dark after an far red light pulse. The two chemicals are nearly equally effective in inducing ga1-3 germination after an red light pulse, which activates phytochrome B in this condition and down-regulates AtGA2ox2 expression
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no substrate: 2,2-dimethylgibberllin4. 2,2-dimethylgibberllin4 is significantly more effective in inducing ga1-3 germination than gibberllin4 when the seeds are imbibed in the dark after an far red light pulse. The two chemicals are nearly equally effective in inducing ga1-3 germination after an red light pulse, which activates phytochrome B in this condition and down-regulates AtGA2ox2 expression
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no products detectable of GA2ox6 (in vitro activity) with C20-gibberellin substrates gibberellin 12 and 53 and with C19-gibberellin substrate 7
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no products detectable of GA2ox6 (in vitro activity) with C20-gibberellin substrates gibberellin 12 and 53 and with C19-gibberellin substrate 7
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no products detectable of GA2ox6 (in vitro activity) with C20-gibberellin substrates gibberellin 12 and 53 and with C19-gibberellin substrate 7
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no products detectable of GA2ox6 (in vitro activity) with C20-gibberellin substrates gibberellin 12 and 53 and with C19-gibberellin substrate 7
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no products detectable of GA2ox6 (in vitro activity) with C20-gibberellin substrates gibberellin 12 and 53 and with C19-gibberellin substrate 7
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: AtGA2ox9 performs 2alpha-hydroxylation of C19-GAs and harbors putative desaturating activity of C20-GAs
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: AtGA2ox9 performs 2alpha-hydroxylation of C19-GAs and harbors putative desaturating activity of C20-GAs
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: GA2ox3 seems to play a predominant role in gibberellin homeostasis under mild gibberellin variations, but not under large gibberellin changes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: GA2ox3 seems to play a predominant role in gibberellin homeostasis under mild gibberellin variations, but not under large gibberellin changes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: enzyme seems to play a predominant role in gibberellin homeostasis under mild gibberellin variations, but not under large gibberellin changes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: enzyme seems to play a predominant role in gibberellin homeostasis under mild gibberellin variations, but not under large gibberellin changes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no conversion of gibberellin 1 to gibberellin 8
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: role of isoform GA2ox1 in early tuber initiation by modifying gibberelic acid levels in the subapical stolon region
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: role of isoform GA2ox1 in early tuber initiation by modifying gibberelic acid levels in the subapical stolon region
Products: -
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + ?
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: inactivation of the plant hormone gibberellin by oxidation
Products: inactivation of the plant hormone gibberellin by oxidation
?
gibberellin 15 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 24 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 15 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 25 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 24 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 9 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 25 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 46 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 4 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 47 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 53 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 97 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 40 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: gibberellin 12 and 53
Products: gibberellin 110, the product of gibberellin 12
Products: gibberellin 110, the product of gibberellin 12
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
Substrates: catabolization of biologically active gibberellin
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: catabolization of biologically active gibberellin
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: inactivates hormonal function of giberellins
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
2beta-hydroxygibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: major gibberellin catabolic enzyme
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: multifunctional enzyme catalyzing 2beta hydroxylation and 2-ketone formation of the C19-gibberellin substrates giberellin 9, gibberellin 20 gibberellin 1 and gibberellin 4
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: inactivation of bioactive gibberellins
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 1 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 8 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: involved in gibberellin biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes 2beta hydroxylation of C20- but not C19-gibberellins
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin 12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2
gibberellin 110 + succinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 5 different gibberellin 2-oxidases regulate plant development at various stages by prevention of seed germination in the absence of light and cold stimuli, delay of vegetative and floral phase transition, limitation of the number of flowers produced per inflorescence, suppression of elongation of the pistil prior to fertilization, limitation of main stem and side shoot elongation
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: GA2ox3 seems to play a predominant role in gibberellin homeostasis under mild gibberellin variations, but not under large gibberellin changes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: GA2ox3 seems to play a predominant role in gibberellin homeostasis under mild gibberellin variations, but not under large gibberellin changes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: enzyme seems to play a predominant role in gibberellin homeostasis under mild gibberellin variations, but not under large gibberellin changes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: enzyme seems to play a predominant role in gibberellin homeostasis under mild gibberellin variations, but not under large gibberellin changes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: role of isoform GA2ox1 in early tuber initiation by modifying gibberelic acid levels in the subapical stolon region
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: role of isoform GA2ox1 in early tuber initiation by modifying gibberelic acid levels in the subapical stolon region
Products: -
Products: -
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Co2+
Fe2+
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid
auxin hormone from seeds decreases PsGA2ox1 mRNA levels 2 h after application to deseeded pericarps and remains low throughout the treatment period
gibberellin 4 methyl ester
-
inhibits oxidation of 16,17-dihydro gibberellin 4
indole-3-acetic acid
auxin hormone from seeds decreases PsGA2ox1 mRNA levels 2 h after application to deseeded pericarps, sharply increases after 4 h and stays elevated
methyl 6-chloro-3H-1,2,3-benzodithiazole-4-carboxylate 2-oxide
-
highly specific inhibitor of gibberellin 2-oxidase, evaluation as inhibitor of gibberellin catabolism in planta. The compound promotes both the germination and elongation of Arabidopsis seedlings
prohexadione
-
inhibits gibberellin 2-oxidase, but is not effective in promoting germination and elongation of Arabidopsis seedlings
additional information
-
inhibitor development block GA catabolism in plants, in vitro random screening, overview. No or poor inhibition by 2-acetamido-5-chlorobenzoic acid methylester, 5-chlorooxindole, 6-chloro-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 7-chloro-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one, methyl 5-chloroanthranilate, methyl 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate, methyl 3-chlorobenzoate
-
gibberellin 3
application to deseeded pericarps decreases PsGA2ox1 transcript abundance within 2 h but less significant as 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid or the presence of seeds
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid
auxin hormone increases PsGA2ox2 mRNA levels up to 4 h after application, 8 h after application levels are down to deseeded pericarp levels, seed-presence induces increase in PsGA2ox2 transcripts that is reduced by day 5 after anthesis
gibberellin 3
application to deseeded pericarps increases PsGA2ox2 levels 8 h after application
additional information
no effect of the auxin hormone indole-3-acetic acid during the 12 h treatment period
-
additional information
no effect of the auxin hormone indole-3-acetic acid during the 12 h treatment period
-
additional information
-
the combination of 1 mM 2-oxoglutarate and 4 mM ascorbate increases activity
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Anemia
New cancer targets emerging from studies of the Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein.
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenic metals and the epigenome: understanding the effect of nickel, arsenic, and chromium.
Dehydration
Inhibition of gibberellin accumulation by water deficiency promotes fast and long-term 'drought avoidance' responses in tomato.
Dwarfism
Ectopic expression of GA 2-oxidase 6 from rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) causes dwarfism, late flowering and enhanced chlorophyll accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Dwarfism
Over-expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene from Phaseolus coccineus L. enhances gibberellin inactivation and induces dwarfism in Solanum species.
Infertility
Genome-wide and SNP network analyses reveal genetic control of spikelet sterility and yield-related traits in wheat.
Iron Deficiencies
Iron availability modulates aberrant splicing of ferrochelatase through the iron- and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase Jmjd6 and U2AF(65.).
Neoplasms
Estrogen receptor ? sustains epithelial differentiation by regulating prolyl hydroxylase 2 transcription.
Obesity
Cloning and characterization of chicken fat mass and obesity associated (Fto) gene: fasting affects Fto expression.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.000024
gibberellin 20
in 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.9 containing 4 mM ascorbate, 4 mM DTT, 4 mM 2-oxoglutarate, 0.5 mM FeSO4, 2 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and 1 mg/ml catalase
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
cultivar Cannonball
UniProt
brenda
wild-type Columbia (Col), DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING 1 (DDF1) overexpressing mutant, loss-of-funtion mutants ddf1-LF1 and ga20x7-2
-
-
brenda
gibberellin 2-oxidase 1; wild-type Alaska, slender pea mutant (sln) deficient in PsGA2ox1
UniProt
brenda
gibberellin catabolism gene GA2ox1, subject to positive feedback regulation and sensitive to high gibberellin concentrations
UniProt
brenda
gibberellin catabolism gene GA2ox3, subject to positive feedback regulation and sensitive to low gibberellin concentration
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
the enzyme (CuGA2ox4) is expressed in peel in December
brenda
the enzyme is primarily expressed in rice culm basal internodes
brenda
-
BnGA2ox6 transcript is present at the highest levels in siliques and flowers, followed by the leaves and stems, while expressed at comparatively low levels in other plant organs
brenda
11 d, expression of GA2ox1, GA2ox2 (dominant), GA2ox3, GA2ox4, GA2ox6 (second highest level)
brenda
GA2ox1 is predominantly expressed in the subapical region of the stolon and growing tuber
brenda
isoform GA2ox1 is upregulated during the early stages of tuber development prior to visible swelling. It is predominantly expressed in the subapical region of the stolon and growing tuber
brenda
-
BnGA2ox6 transcript is present at the highest levels in siliques and flowers, followed by the leaves and stems, while expressed at comparatively low levels in other plant organs
brenda
24 d inflorescence: expression of GA2ox1, GA2ox2 (dominant), GA2ox3, GA2ox4, GA2ox6 (second highest level)
brenda
transcripts are detected in all plant organs, but exhibit highest level in source leaves and stems
brenda
transcript is predominantly expressed in roots and flowers, and displays very low expression in leaves and stems
brenda
-
BnGA2ox6 transcript is present at the highest levels in siliques and flowers, followed by the leaves and stems, while expressed at comparatively low levels in other plant organs
brenda
highest transcript abundance is in the silique, followed by the flower and leaves
brenda
-
JcGA2ox6 is expressed in all tissues of adult Jatropha, with the highest expression level in male flowers and the lowest expression level in young leaves
brenda
the enzyme (CuGA2ox2/3) is expressed in in November
brenda
the transcript of CuGA2ox8 accumulates mainly in new leaves and flower buds in the adult phase
brenda
-
BnGA2ox6 transcript is present at the highest levels in siliques and flowers, followed by the leaves and stems, while expressed at comparatively low levels in other plant organs
brenda
the enzyme (CuGA2ox4) is expressed in juice sacs in November and December
brenda
the enzyme (CuGA2ox2/3) is expressed in in November
brenda
24 d: expression of GA2ox1, GA2ox3, GA2ox2 and GA2ox6 dominant, no GA2ox4 expression
brenda
transcripts are detected in all plant organs, but exhibit highest level in source leaves and stems
brenda
transcript is predominantly expressed in roots and flowers, and displays very low expression in leaves and stems
brenda
-
BnGA2ox6 transcript is present at the highest levels in siliques and flowers, followed by the leaves and stems, while expressed at comparatively low levels in other plant organs
brenda
highest transcript abundance is in the silique, followed by the flower and leaves
brenda
-
JcGA2ox6 is expressed in all tissues of adult Jatropha, with the highest expression level in male flowers and the lowest expression level in young leaves
brenda
major nutrient sink in the developing pea fruit until 8-12 days after pollination
brenda
high levels of PsGA2ox1 prior to anthesis, reduced increase (15fold) of PsGA2ox1 mRNA levels directly after pollination compared to unpollinated pericarp (50-fold increase), decrease of pollinated and unpollinated levels one day after anthesis and further, concomitant with high pericarp growth rates, removal of seeds 2-3 days after anthesis increases PsGA2ox1 transcript levels compared to seed-containing pericarp, seed presence represses the expression of PsGA2ox1 during days 5-12 after anthesis, unpollinated ovaries degenerate after 4 d
brenda
elevated PsGA2ox2 transcript levels 2 days prior to anthesis, directly after pollination decrease, removal of seeds 2-3 days after anthesis leads to inhibition of transitory increase of PsGA2ox2 observed in seed-containing pericarps, reduction of PsGA2ox2 by day 5 after anthesis, seed presence represses the expression of PsGA2ox2 during days 5-12 after anthesis
brenda
7 d: expression of GA2ox1, GA2ox2, GA2ox3, GA2ox4, GA2ox6 dominant
brenda
transcripts are detected in all plant organs, but exhibit highest level in source leaves and stems
brenda
transcript is predominantly expressed in roots and flowers, and displays very low expression in leaves and stems
brenda
-
BnGA2ox6 transcript is present at the highest levels in siliques and flowers, followed by the leaves and stems, while expressed at comparatively low levels in other plant organs
brenda
dry seed: GA2ox1 and GA2ox4 not expressed, high levels of GA2ox2 and GA2ox3, GA2ox6 dominant, 24 h inhibited seed: low expression of GA2ox1 and GA2ox4, highest expression of GA2ox2 and GA2ox6, expression of GA2ox3
brenda
the enzyme (CuGA2ox2/3) is highly expressed
brenda
the transcript of CuGA2ox8 accumulates mainly in new leaves and flower buds in the adult phase
brenda
presence of seeds is required for normal development of fruit from pericarp, removal of seeds leads to slowing of pericarp growth and subsequent abscission, the seed is the terminal nutrient sink when the development of the pea embryo begins
brenda
from day 10-12 PsGA2ox1 levels increase dramatically and remain elevated through day 20 after anthesis, high levels of PsGA2ox1 mRNA are found in testa compared with the cotyledons at day 26 after anthesis
brenda
-
relatively strong expression in immature and low expression in mature seeds
brenda
-
in the suspensor neck region from the late globular stage up to the heart stage
brenda
3 d: expression of GA2ox1, GA2ox2 (second highest level), GA2ox3, GA2ox4, and GA2ox6 (dominant)
brenda
7 d: expression of GA2ox1, GA2ox3 (very low expression), GA2ox4, GA2ox2 and GA2ox6 dominant
brenda
31 d: expression of GA2ox1, GA2ox2 (dominant), GA2ox3, GA2ox4, GA2ox6 (second highest level)
brenda
-
BnGA2ox6 transcript is present at the highest levels in siliques and flowers, followed by the leaves and stems, while expressed at comparatively low levels in other plant organs
brenda
highest transcript abundance is in the silique, followed by the flower and leaves
brenda
24 d: expression of GA20x1, GA2ox2 (dominant), GA2ox3, GA2ox6 (second highest level), no GA2ox4 expression
brenda
transcripts are detected in all plant organs, but exhibit highest level in source leaves and stems
brenda
transcript is predominantly expressed in roots and flowers, and displays very low expression in leaves and stems
brenda
-
BnGA2ox6 transcript is present at the highest levels in siliques and flowers, followed by the leaves and stems, while expressed at comparatively low levels in other plant organs
brenda
the transcript of CuGA2ox8 accumulates in the juvenile phase
brenda
the enzyme is primarily expressed in rice culm basal internodes
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
mutation responsible for the internode elongation phenotype is mapped to GA2oxidase 7
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
reduced biomass accumulation and lignification occurs in the AtGA2ox8 overexpressing Brassica napus transgenic plants, which might be due to altered lignin biosynthetic gene expression
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellin in higher plants, overview
metabolism
-
gibberellin 2-oxidase plays a key role in the GA catabolic pathway through 2beta-hydroxylation
physiological function
-
hydroxylation of gibberellin at the 2-position causes the inactivation of plant hormones gibberellins
physiological function
-
gibberellin 2-oxidase plays a key role in the GA catabolic pathway through 2beta-hydroxylation, activation of gibberellin 2-oxidase 6 decreases active gibberellin levels and creates a dominant semi-dwarf phenotype in rice, overview. GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol, positively regulates the OsGA2ox6 gene. The H032 mutant retains normal flowering and seed production, H032 mutant phenotype, overview
physiological function
the function of the enzyme is discussed with particular reference to their role in stem elongation and involvement in abiotic stress response in breadfruit
physiological function
-
when JcGA2ox6 was overexpressed in Jatropha, the transgenic plants exhibit a dwarf phenotype with dark-green leaves and smaller inflorescences, flowers, fruits and seeds. Flowering time of Jatropha was not affected by overexpression of JcGA2ox6
physiological function
-
gibberellin GA2oxidaseA13 is involved in Rht12 dwarfism of wheat
physiological function
-
key enzyme that inactivates endogenous gibberellins and their precursors. The enzyme GA2ox6 regulates plant architecture
physiological function
-
the enzyme (GA2oxA9) metabolizes gibberellin biosynthetic intermediates into inactive products, effectively reducing the amount of bioactive gibberellin
physiological function
the enzyme (AtGA2ox9) contributes to freezing tolerance
physiological function
overexpression of PpGA2ox in Arabidopsis leads to gibberellin-deficiency leading to dwarf phenotype, delayed flowering time, and increased chlorophyll content
physiological function
CuGA2ox4 and CuGA20ox1 act in concert to regulate the accumulation of active gibberellins in fruit at the maturing stage
physiological function
the enzyme shows gibberellin inactivating activity. Gibberellin 2-oxidase genes from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) cause late flowering and dwarfism in transgenic Arabidopsis
physiological function
the enzyme is primarily expressed in rice culm basal internodes, regulating the basal internode length
physiological function
BnGA2ox2 regulates stem elongation and chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation. Overexpression of the enzyme (BnGA2ox2) causes dwarfism and increased chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation
physiological function
the enzyme (AtGA2ox10) regulates seed production
Show AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices (2943 entries)
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
36000
additional information
-
1339 bp, 1014 open reading frame encodes a putative protein of 334 amino acids
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
a loss-of-function mutation of isoform ga2ox2 causes an increase in gibberellin 4 levels and partly suppresses the germination inability during dark imbibition after inactivation of phytochrome. The efficiency of deactivation of exogenous gibberellin 4 by the enzyme is dependent on light conditions
additional information
-
a loss-of-function mutation of isoform ga2ox2 causes an increase in gibberellin 4 levels and partly suppresses the germination inability during dark imbibition after inactivation of phytochrome. The efficiency of deactivation of exogenous gibberellin 4 by the enzyme is dependent on light conditions
additional information
-
scc7-D is an allele of isoform GA2ox8 and a genetic suppressor of the long-hypocotyl phenotype of the cryptochrome1/cryptochrome2 mutation in a light-dependent manner. Cryptochromes are required for the blue light regulation of GA2ox1, GA20ox1, and GA3ox1 expression in transient induction, continuous illumination, and photoperiodic conditions
additional information
single loss-of-function mutants do not exhibit any obvious phenotype, quintuple mutant (loss of function alleles of all five C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase genes) leads to a complete loss of C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase (C19-GA2ox) activity, with effects on other gibberellin regulated genes (reduced expression of gibberellin biosynthetic genes) and positive regulation of the C20-GA2ox gene GA20x8, like the positive regulation of 4 of the 5 C19-GA2ox genes with the exception of GA2ox3, thus, partial compensation for the activity loss of C19-GA2ox is reached by a combination of feedback and feed-forward regulation of various steps in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway
additional information
single loss-of-function mutants do not exhibit any obvious phenotype, quintuple mutant (loss of function alleles of all five C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase genes) leads to a complete loss of C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase (C19-GA2ox) activity, with effects on other gibberellin regulated genes (reduced expression of gibberellin biosynthetic genes) and positive regulation of the C20-GA2ox gene GA20x8, like the positive regulation of 4 of the 5 C19-GA2ox genes with the exception of GA2ox3, thus, partial compensation for the activity loss of C19-GA2ox is reached by a combination of feedback and feed-forward regulation of various steps in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway
additional information
single loss-of-function mutants do not exhibit any obvious phenotype, quintuple mutant (loss of function alleles of all five C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase genes) leads to a complete loss of C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase (C19-GA2ox) activity, with effects on other gibberellin regulated genes (reduced expression of gibberellin biosynthetic genes) and positive regulation of the C20-GA2ox gene GA20x8, like the positive regulation of 4 of the 5 C19-GA2ox genes with the exception of GA2ox3, thus, partial compensation for the activity loss of C19-GA2ox is reached by a combination of feedback and feed-forward regulation of various steps in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway
additional information
single loss-of-function mutants do not exhibit any obvious phenotype, quintuple mutant (loss of function alleles of all five C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase genes) leads to a complete loss of C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase (C19-GA2ox) activity, with effects on other gibberellin regulated genes (reduced expression of gibberellin biosynthetic genes) and positive regulation of the C20-GA2ox gene GA20x8, like the positive regulation of 4 of the 5 C19-GA2ox genes with the exception of GA2ox3, thus, partial compensation for the activity loss of C19-GA2ox is reached by a combination of feedback and feed-forward regulation of various steps in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway
additional information
single loss-of-function mutants do not exhibit any obvious phenotype, quintuple mutant (loss of function alleles of all five C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase genes) leads to a complete loss of C19-gibberellin 2-oxidase (C19-GA2ox) activity, with effects on other gibberellin regulated genes (reduced expression of gibberellin biosynthetic genes) and positive regulation of the C20-GA2ox gene GA20x8, like the positive regulation of 4 of the 5 C19-GA2ox genes with the exception of GA2ox3, thus, partial compensation for the activity loss of C19-GA2ox is reached by a combination of feedback and feed-forward regulation of various steps in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway
additional information
-
loss-of-funtion mutation of GA2ox7 suppresses the dwarf phenotype of DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING 1 (DDF1) mutants, indicating that their gibberellin deficiency is due to overexpression of GA2ox7, DDF1 activates the promoter of GA2ox7 in leaves. Under high-salinity stress (250 mM), osmotic stress (300 mM mannitol) GA2ox7 is unregulated and slightly unregulated under the stress hormone abscisic acid (100 microM), the GA2ox7 loss-of-function mutant is less growth retarded than the wild-type under high-salinity stress
additional information
-
mutants overexpressing GA2ox9ACT, GA2ox5delta335-341ACT, and GA2ox6, motif III of the conserved motifs characteristic for C20 GA2oxs is necessary for C20 GA2ox activity, motif III is present in rice GA2ox5, GA2ox6, and GAsox9
additional information
-
isolation of a CaMV 35S-enhancer activation tagged mutant, H032, showing an increased level of OsGA2ox6 mRNA compared to the wild-type plants. RNAi and ectopic expression analysis of OsGA2ox6 show that the dwarf trait and the decreased levels of bioactive GAs in the H032 mutant are a result of the upregulation of the OsGA2ox6 gene. The H032 mutant retains normal flowering and seed production
additional information
-
ectopic expression of gibberllin 2-oxidase in wheat decreases the content of bioactive gibberellins and produces a range of dwarf plants with different degrees of severity. The dwarf phenotype is stably inherited over at least four generations and includes dark-green leaves, increasing tillering and, in severe cases, a prostrate growth habit. Expression of gibberlic acid biosynthesis genens TaGA20ox1 and TaGA3ox2 is up-regulated ant that of two alpha-amylase genes down-regulated in scutella of semi-dwarf lines. The phenotypes are restored to normal by application of gibberellin 3
additional information
expression of isoform PcGA2ox1 in Solanum melanocerasum and Solanum nigrum results in transgenic plants with a range of dwarf phenotypes associated with a severe reduction in the concentrations of biologically active gibberellins 1 and 4. Flowering and fruit development are unaffected. Transgenic plants contain greater concentrations of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, although chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents are reduced
additional information
-
expression of isoform PcGA2ox1 in Solanum melanocerasum and Solanum nigrum results in transgenic plants with a range of dwarf phenotypes associated with a severe reduction in the concentrations of biologically active gibberellins 1 and 4. Flowering and fruit development are unaffected. Transgenic plants contain greater concentrations of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, although chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents are reduced
additional information
isoform GA2ox1 overexpressing transformants exhibit a dwarf phenotype, reduced stolon growth and earlier in vitro tuberization. Transgenic plants with reduced expression of GA2ox1 show normal growth, an altered stolon swelling phenotype, and delayind in vitro tuberization. tubers of Ga2ox1 suppression clones contain increased levels of gibberllin 20
additional information
-
isoform GA2ox1 overexpressing transformants exhibit a dwarf phenotype, reduced stolon growth and earlier in vitro tuberization. Transgenic plants with reduced expression of GA2ox1 show normal growth, an altered stolon swelling phenotype, and delayind in vitro tuberization. tubers of Ga2ox1 suppression clones contain increased levels of gibberllin 20
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5.8 - 7.8
-
activity is highest at pH 7.0-8.0 and decreases rapidly below pH 7.0, enzyme is unstable when stored below pH 7 or in absence of a thiol reagent
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
dialysis of the extracted soluble protein results in complete loss of activity
-
enzyme is very acid-labile. EDTA has beneficial effect on enzyme stability if Mg2+ is present in storage buffer
-
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ORGANIC SOLVENT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20°C, enzyme activity lost upon storage, regained by addition of catalase to the reaction mixture
-
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
24 h after application of 14C-labelled substrate to the shoot apex, whole shoots are harvested, rinsed with water, same genotype shoots combined and homogenized in 80% methanol water, stirring overnight at 4°C, filtration, residue re-extracted in methanol for 1 h, filtered, combined filtrates vacuum dried, weak acid fraction prepared by solvent partitioning, anion exchange, and C18 SPE (no solvent partitioning for substrate gibberellin 9), purified samples are analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC with online radiomonitoring, identification of radiolabeled products by GC-MS
Escherichia coli cells with recombinant enzyme grown at 37°C, harvested and suspended in lysis buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5), sonication in ice water, centrifuged, supernatant collected and stored at -80°C for enzyme activity assays
-
Escherichia coli with recombinant enzyme are centrifuged, resuspended in a BugBuster Protein Extraction Reagent, centrifuged, supernatants eluted through a GST-Bind resin with 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 8.0, containing 10 mM reduced glutathione, storage at -80°C
-
glutathione agarose bead affinity chromatography and gel filtration
Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and Superdex G-25 column chromatography, Mini S column chromatography and gel filtration chromatography
-
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cDNA isolation of OsGA2ox1, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, ectopic expression in transgenic rice
ectopic expression of GA 2-oxidase 6 from Brassica napus L. causes dwarfism, late flowering and enhanced chlorophyll accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
expressed in Escherichia coli
expressed in tobacco plants, expression of enzyme causes dwarf growth, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21pLysS
-
full-length coding sequence of GA2ox6 amplified by PCR, cloned into pET32a to be expressed as fusion with thioredoxin in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) for in vitro enzyme activity measurements
functional overexpression in Brassica napus cv. N529 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 for transfection, the recombinant expression leads to decreased biomass accumulation and lignification, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis. The transgenic plants show growth retardation, flowering delay, and dwarf stature, phenotype, overview
gene OsGA2ox6, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis
-
PCR-amplifiction of cDNA, inserted via pGEM-T Easy cloning vector and pAHC18 into pCAMBIA1301 and transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain EHA105) and used to transform rice and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), or for activity assays subcloned into pGEX-5X expression vector to transform Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
-
PvGA2ox5b and PvGA2ox9a are cloned from cDNA and constitutively overexpressed in switchgrass under the control of maize ubiquitin promoter
-
rapid amplification of cDNA ends, expression vector produced by PCR, inserted into PMD 18 T-Simple Vector, inserted into pMAL-c2x vector, transformed and expressed in Escherichia coli Tb1
-
reporter plasmid: promoter region of GA2ox7 amplified from genomic DNA by PCR, fused to luciferase gene in pUC19, effector plasmid: replacing GUS gene of pBI221 with DDF1 coding region, reference plasmid with Renilla luciferase gene, introduction of the plasmids to leaves via particle bombardment, leaves incubated on 0.8% agar plates at 22°C for 24 h. transgenic plants: PCR-amplificatoin of DDF1 coding region, cloned into pENTER-TOPO, inserted into vector pGWB8, Agrobacterium (strain EHA105)-mediated transformation of wild-type and GA2ox7-2 plants
-
SLN gene, 2 cDNAs encoding gibberellin 2-oxidases, PsGA2ox1 isolated by screening of a Lambda-ZAP cDNA library, excised into phagemid form and expressed in Escherichia coli, PsGA2ox2 obtained as PCR product and expressed in Escherichia coli
-
two cDNAs for GA 2-oxidase isolated by functional screening and reverse transcription
-
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
down-regulated under salt stress
expression of PpGA2ox can be up-regulated by 10 microM gibberellic acid, 0.005 mM methyl jasmonate, or 0.1 mM indole-3-acetic acid. In addition, its native promoter can drive GUS expression in both leaf apex and shoot apical region
GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol, positively regulates the OsGA2ox6 gene
-
helix-loop-helix transcription factor CESTA(CES)/BRASSINOSTEROID-ENHANCED EXPRESSION(BEE) can induce the expression of the class III gibberellin 2-oxidase GA2ox7. CES directly binds to the GA2ox7 promoter and is activated by brassinosteroids
overexpression of two gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase genes, that is PvGA2ox5 and PvGA2ox9, results in characteristic gibberellin-deficient phenotypes with dark-green leaves and modified plant architecture. The changes in plant morphology appear to be associated with GA2ox transcript abundance. Exogenous application of GA rescues the GA-deficient phenotypes in transgenic lines. Transgenic semi-dwarf lines display increased tillering and reduced lignin content, and the syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer ratio accompanied by the reduced expression of lignin biosynthetic genes compared to nontransgenic plants. A moderate increase in the level of glucose release in these transgenic lines might be attributed to reduced biomass recalcitrance as a result of reduced lignin content and lignin composition. Overexpression of GA2ox genes in switchgrass is a feasible strategy to improve plant architecture and reduce biomass recalcitrance for biofuel
-
treatments of drought or high salinity increase the expression
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
agriculture
biofuel production
-
overexpression of GA2ox genes in switchgrass is a feasible strategy to improve plant architecture and reduce biomass recalcitrance for biofuel
agriculture
-
ectopic expression of gibberllin 2-oxidase in wheat decreases the content of bioactive gibberellins and produces a range of dwarf plants with different degrees of severity. The dwarf phenotype is stably inherited over at least four generations and includes dark-green leaves, increasing tillering and, in severe cases, a prostrate growth habit. Expression of gibberlic acid biosynthesis genens TaGA20ox1 and TaGA3ox2 is up-regulated ant that of two alpha-amylase genes down-regulated in scutella of semi-dwarf lines. The phenotypes are restored to normal by application of gibberellin 3
agriculture
expression of isoform PcGA2ox1 in Solanum melanocerasum and Solanum nigrum results in transgenic plants with a range of dwarf phenotypes associated with a severe reduction in the concentrations of biologically active gibberellins 1 and 4. Flowering and fruit development are unaffected. Transgenic plants contain greater concentrations of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, although chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents are reduced
agriculture
-
cryptochromes are required for the transient induction of GA2ox1 expression in etiolated seedlings exposed to blue light, for the sustained elevation of GA2ox1 expression in seedlings grown in continuous blue light, and for maintaining a high amplitude of the circadian rhythm of GA2ox1 expression in seedlings grown in long-day photoperiods
agriculture
-
breeding plants with reduced height, increased root biomass, normal flowering and seed production by overexpression of C20 gibberellin 2-oxidases: first overexpression of GA2ox9ACT mutant generates semidwarf rice with only slightly reduced grain weight and fertility, increased tiller number (by 22%) compared to wild-type, second overexpression of C20 GA2oxs with defective motif III, such as GA2ox5delta335-341ACT mutant, generates a semidwarf rice variety with reduced grain weight (by 16%) and fertility (by 12%) and twofold increased tiller number, third overexpression of a selected C20 GA2ox gene, such as GA2ox6 with less effect on plant growth under the control of a weak promoter could be beneficial without sacrificing seed production
agriculture
applications of the SBI(SV14) allele in rice breeding are an efficient strategy to develop elite rice varieties with improved lodging resistance and increased yield
agriculture
the enzyme (BnGA2ox2) is a new candidate gene for breeding dwarf varieties of rapeseed
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ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
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132
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Vigna angularis
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Identification of a peptide mimic of bioactive gibberellins with affinity to GA 2-oxidase
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70
2004-2006
2006
Vigna angularis
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Purification and kinetic studies of recombinant gibberellin dioxygenases
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19
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46
1116-1124
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Phaseolus coccineus
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Molecular cloning of GA 2-oxidase3 from spinach and its ectopic expression in Nicotiana sylvestris
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138
243-254
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Spinacia oleracea
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Radi, A.; Lange, T.; Niki, T.; Koshioka, M.; Lange, M.J.
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140
528-536
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Cucurbita maxima
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141
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Rumex palustris
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Modification of plant architecture through the expression of GA 2-oxidase under the control of an estrogen inducible promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana L
Planta
222
957-967
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Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Xiao, J.H.; Zhang, J.H.; Zhang, Y.Y.; Wang, T.T.; Chen, R.G.; Li, H.X.; Ye, Z.B.
Isolation and expression of GA 2-oxidase2 in tomato
DNA Seq.
18
474-479
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Solanum lycopersicum (A0FK57), Solanum lycopersicum
brenda
Appleford, N.E.; Wilkinson, M.D.; Ma, Q.; Evans, D.J.; Stone, M.C.; Pearce, S.P.; Powers, S.J.; Thomas, S.G.; Jones, H.D.; Phillips, A.L.; Hedden, P.; Lenton, J.R.
Decreased shoot stature and grain alpha-amylase activity following ectopic expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene in transgenic wheat
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58
3213-3226
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Phaseolus coccineus
brenda
Yamauchi, Y.; Takeda-Kamiya, N.; Hanada, A.; Ogawa, M.; Kuwahara, A.; Seo, M.; Kamiya, Y.; Yamaguchi, S.
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48
555-561
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Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9XFR9), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Gallego-Giraldo, L.; Ubeda-Tomas, S.; Gisbert, C.; Garcia-Martinez, J.L.; Moritz, T.; Lopez-Diaz, I.
Gibberellin homeostasis in tobacco is regulated by gibberellin metabolism genes with different gibberellin sensitivity
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49
679-690
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Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana tabacum (Q75V70)
brenda
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Solanum tuberosum (A7LCJ5), Solanum tuberosum
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Malus domestica
-
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Arabidopsis thaliana
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-
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Hu, Y.X.; Tao, Y.B.; Xu, Z.F.
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8
2103
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Jatropha curcas
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Kotoda, N.; Matsuo, S.; Honda, I.; Yano, K.; Shimizu, T.
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86
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Citrus unshiu (A0A169TE53), Citrus unshiu (A0A169TEB4), Citrus unshiu (A0A169TE93)
-
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Buss, W.; Ford, B.A.; Foo, E.; Schnippenkoetter, W.; Borrill, P.; Brooks, B.; Ashton, A.R.; Chandler, P.M.; Spielmeyer, W.
Overgrowth mutants determine the causal role of gibberellin GA2oxidaseA13 in Rht12 dwarfism of wheat
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71
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Triticum aestivum
brenda
Liu, C.; Zheng, S.; Gui, J.; Fu, C.; Yu, H.; Song, D.; Shen, J.; Qin, P.; Liu, X.; Han, B.; Yang, Y.; Li, L.
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Mol. Plant
11
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2018
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brenda
Lo, S.F.; Ho, T.D.; Liu, Y.L.; Jiang, M.J.; Hsieh, K.T.; Chen, K.T.; Yu, L.C.; Lee, M.H.; Chen, C.Y.; Huang, T.P.; Kojima, M.; Sakakibara, H.; Chen, L.J.; Yu, S.M.
Ectopic expression of specific GA2 oxidase mutants promotes yield and stress tolerance in rice
Plant Biotechnol. J.
15
850-864
2017
Oryza sativa
brenda
Yan, J.; Xiang, F.; Yang, P.; Li, X.; Zhong, M.; He, R.; Li, X.; Peng, W.; Liu, X.; Zhao, X.
Overexpression of BnGA2ox2, a rapeseed gibberellin 2-oxidase, causes dwarfism and increased chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis and rapeseed
Plant Growth Regul.
93
65-77
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Brassica napus (A0A0E3Z6B5)
-
brenda
Schrager-Lavelle, A.; Gath, N.N.; Devisetty, U.K.; Carrera, E.; Lopez-Diaz, I.; Blazquez, M.A.; Maloof, J.N.
The role of a class III gibberellin 2-oxidase in tomato internode elongation
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97
603-615
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Solanum lycopersicum (A0A3Q7F6V4), Solanum lycopersicum
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Ford, B.A.; Foo, E.; Sharwood, R.; Karafiatova, M.; Vrana, J.; MacMillan, C.; Nichols, D.S.; Steuernagel, B.; Uauy, C.; Dole?el, J.; Chandler, P.M.; Spielmeyer, W.
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177
168-180
2018
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Lange, T.; Kraemer, C.; Pimenta Lange, M.J.
The class III gibberellin 2-oxidases AtGA2ox9 and AtGA2ox10 contribute to cold stress tolerance and fertility
Plant Physiol.
184
478-486
2020
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (F4JAD4)
brenda
Albertos, P.; Wlk, T.; Griffiths, J.; Pimenta Lange, M.J.; Unterholzner, S.J.; Rozhon, W.; Lange, T.; Jones, A.M.; Poppenberger, B.
Brassinosteroid-regulated bHLH transcription factor CESTA induces the gibberellin 2-oxidase GA2ox7
Plant Physiol.
188
2012-2025
2022
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9C6I4)
brenda
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