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Information on EC 1.13.11.31 - arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase and Organism(s) Rattus norvegicus and UniProt Accession Q02759
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1.13.11.31 arachidonate 12-lipoxygenaseIUBMB Comments
The product is rapidly reduced to the corresponding 12S-hydroxy compound.
Specify your search results
Word Map
- 1.13.11.31
-
arachidonic
-
cyclooxygenase
-
12-hete
-
eicosanoids
- prostaglandin
- endothelial
- phospholipase
- neutrophil
- atherosclerosis
-
polyunsaturated
-
linoleic
- artery
- baicalein
-
lipoxins
-
hetes
- monocyte
-
12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
- cox-2
- reticulocyte
- asthma
-
nordihydroguaiaretic
-
thromboxane
-
eicosapentaenoic
- hydroperoxide
- ndga
-
polymorphonuclear
- atherogenesis
-
docosahexaenoic
- indomethacin
-
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic
- etya
- zileuton
-
13-hode
-
hydroperoxy
- lipoxygenase-1
- erythroderma
-
hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
- medicine
- esculetin
-
protectins
-
ichthyosiform
-
resolvins
-
polyenoic
-
pro-resolving
- drug development
-
14carachidonic
- ichthyosis
-
ferroptosis
-
5-lipoxygenase-activating
- phenidone
-
a23187-stimulated
- oxylipins
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Rattus norvegicus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
12-lipoxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase, 12-lox, alox5, 15-lox-1, alox15, 12-lo, 15-lo, 12/15-lipoxygenase, 12/15-lox, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
12-lipoxygenase
12-LOX
12/15-lipoxygenase
12DELTA-lipoxygenase
-
-
-
-
12S-lipoxygenase
-
-
-
-
C-12 lipoxygenase
-
-
-
-
DELTA 12-lipoxygenase
-
-
-
-
leukotriene A4 synthase M
-
-
-
-
LTA4 synthase
-
-
-
-
oygenase, arachidonate 12-lip-
-
-
-
-
Platelet-type lipoxygenase 12
-
-
-
-
12-lipoxygenase
-
-
-
-
12-LOX
-
-
-
-
12/15-lipoxygenase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
oxidation
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
dioxygenation
-
-
-
-
dehydration
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
-
-, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase
The product is rapidly reduced to the corresponding 12S-hydroxy compound.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
82391-43-3
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
-
-
?
5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid + O2
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid
-
-
-
?
gamma-linolenic acid + O2
10-hydroxy-octadeca-6Z,8E,12Z-trienoic acid
-
101% of the activity with arachidonic acid
-
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
-
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
further metabolized to (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
arachidonate induces cellular membrane disturbance and alters the mitochondrial membrane potential. 12-LOX is involved in covalent binding of alpha-naphthol to arachidonic acid in intact platelets, peroxidase-mediated co-oxidation with arachidonic acid, and peroxidase-mediated xenobiotic activation of alpha-naphthol cytotoxicity, overview
-
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
the enzyme is involved in production of biologically active lipid mediators, (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate, 13-HODE, and 13-HOTE, in the intestine of iron-deficient rats, the lipids are almoste absent in wild-type rats, overview
further metabolized to (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
-
-
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
arachidonic acid promotes the glutamate-induced cell death, reduces caspase-3 activity, and diminishes internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, it also reduces intracellular NAD, ATP and membrane potentials due to mitochondrila membrane dysfunction, and reduces the inhibitory effect of N-alpha-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and 3,4-dichloroisocumarin on the glutamate-induced cell death, overview
is further metabolized to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation of 12-LOX, but not NADPH oxidase, following zinc release, might play an important role in reactive oxygen species generation and decrease of viability in glucose-reload-treated neurons, overview
-
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
-
-
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
linoleic acid + O2
13(S)-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid
-
-
-
?
linoleic acid + O2
13(S)-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid
-
35% of the activity with arachidonic acid
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
intestinal leukocyte-type isozyme Alox15 shows poor or no 15-lipoxygenase activity, EC 1.13.11.33
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
in the brain, the principal 12/15-LOX metabolites of arachidonate are (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate and (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-(15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate, cf. EC 1.13.11.33
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the 12-lipoxygenase pathway plays a critical role in angiogenesis
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
-
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
arachidonate induces cellular membrane disturbance and alters the mitochondrial membrane potential. 12-LOX is involved in covalent binding of alpha-naphthol to arachidonic acid in intact platelets, peroxidase-mediated co-oxidation with arachidonic acid, and peroxidase-mediated xenobiotic activation of alpha-naphthol cytotoxicity, overview
-
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
the enzyme is involved in production of biologically active lipid mediators, (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate, 13-HODE, and 13-HOTE, in the intestine of iron-deficient rats, the lipids are almoste absent in wild-type rats, overview
further metabolized to (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
arachidonic acid promotes the glutamate-induced cell death, reduces caspase-3 activity, and diminishes internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, it also reduces intracellular NAD, ATP and membrane potentials due to mitochondrila membrane dysfunction, and reduces the inhibitory effect of N-alpha-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and 3,4-dichloroisocumarin on the glutamate-induced cell death, overview
is further metabolized to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
-
?
arachidonate + O2
(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate
-
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation of 12-LOX, but not NADPH oxidase, following zinc release, might play an important role in reactive oxygen species generation and decrease of viability in glucose-reload-treated neurons, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
in the brain, the principal 12/15-LOX metabolites of arachidonate are (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate and (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-(15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate, cf. EC 1.13.11.33
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the 12-lipoxygenase pathway plays a critical role in angiogenesis
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Ca2+
-
not essential for activity, partially purified enzyme is stimulated approximately 2fold in the presence of 0.1-5.0 mM Ca2+
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
alpha-Naphthol
slight activation of enzyme activity at 0.25 mM, but not at 0.5 mM
additional information
-
a significant increase of 12-lipoxygenase enzyme activity in presence of arachidonic acid under GSH depletion induced by glutamate in C6 glimoa cells, overview
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.4
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.1 - 8.6
-
pH 6.1: 37% of maximal activity, pH 8.6: 44% of maximal activity
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
wild-type Sprague-Dawley rats and iron-deficient Belgrade rats, three isozymes: platelet, leukocyte, and epidermis isozyme, Alox15 is a leukocyte-type isozyme
UniProt
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
increased expression of 12/15-LOX, predominantly in neurons, and elevated production of 12(S)-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoate and 15(S)-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoate in ischemic brain
primary cortical neurons, increased expression of 12/15-LOX, predominantly in neurons, and elevated production of 12(S)-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoate and 15(S)-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoate in ischemic brain
additional information
the leukocyte-type isozyme is widely distributed in cell types, while the epidermis-type and the platelet-type isozymes are more limited
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
12/15-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid activate PPARgamma, involvement of 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoate in the regulation of PPARgamma following cerebral ischemia and effects on ischemia-induced inflammatory response. 12(S)-HETE and 15(S)-HETE elicit neuroprotection in rats exposed to focal ischemia. PPARgamma is a member of the nuclear hormone receptorfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. PPARgamma regulates genes that are implicated in adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity
malfunction
-
cells with RNAi silenced 12/15-LO and stimulated with PDGF show an impaired STAT3 phosphorylation compared to cells transfected with the scrambled control
physiological function
physiological function
-
possibility of 12-LOX involvement in ceramide-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species and cellular oxidative stress
physiological function
-
12/15-lipoxygenase contributes to PDGF-induced activation of STAT3
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). LOX15_RAT
663
0
75378
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
the enzyme is involved in production of biologically active lipid mediators, (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate, 13-HODE, and 13-HOTE, in the intestine of iron-deficient Belgrade rats, the lipids are almoste absent in wild-type rats, overview
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
-
rapid inactivation by the product hydroperoxy fatty acid, at low concentrations, 10-100 nM
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene alox15, expression analysis and genotyping of wild-type and iron-deficient mutant rats, gene alox15 doesnot respond to iron, transcription regulation via cytokines and growth factors, overview
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
drug development
-
induction of pro-carcinogenic 12-LOX pathway by an anticancer ceramide, which may be relevant to cancer biologists studying drug resistant tumors and devising potent anticancer therapeutic strategies to treat drug resistant tumors. Induction of 12-LOX pathway by ceramide may have implications in understanding pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases involving reactive oxygen species generation and inflammation
medicine
hypoxia increases the formation of endogenous 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid through stimulation of 12-lipoxygenase. 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid promotes endothelial cell migration and tube formation, whereas it inhibits the serum deprivation-induced apoptotic responses under hypoxia. The regulatory effects of 12-lipoxygenase/12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid on pulmonary artery endothelial cells, at least in part, depend on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling activatio
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Van der Donk, E.M.M.; Dubois, G.R.; Verhagen, J.; Veldink, G.A.; Vliegenhart, J.F.G.
Improved purification of 12-lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells and conditions for optimal enzyme activity
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1074
443-447
1991
Rattus norvegicus
Van der Donk, E.M.M.; Verhagen, J.; Veldink, G.A.; Vliegenhart, J.F.G.
12-Lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells: separation from 5-lipoxygenase and temperature-dependent inactivation by hydroperoxy fatty acid
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1081
135-140
1991
Rattus norvegicus
Hamasaki, Y.; Tai, H.H.
Gossypol, a potent inhibitor of arachidonate 5- and 12-lipoxygenases
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
834
37-41
1985
Rattus norvegicus
Hamasaki, Y.; Tai, H.H.
Calcium stimulation of a novel 12-lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
793
393-398
1984
Rattus norvegicus
Yokoyama, C.; Mizuno, K.; Mitachi, H.; Yoshimoto, T.; Yamamoto, S.
Partial purification and characterization of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase from rat lung
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
750
237-243
1983
Rattus norvegicus
Hada, T.; Hagiya, H.; Suzuki, H.; Arakawa, T.; Nakamura, M.; Matsuda, S.; Yoshimoto, T.; Yamamoto, S.; Azekawa, T.; Morita, Y.; et al.
Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase of rat pineal glands: catalytic properties and primary structure deduced from its cDNA
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1211
221-228
1994
Rattus norvegicus
Lomnitski, L.; Sklan, D.; Grossman, S.
Lipoxygenase activity in rat dermis and epidermis: partial purification and characterization
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1255
351-359
1995
Rattus norvegicus
Nie, D.; Tang, K.; Diglio, C.; Honn, K.V.
Eicosanoid regulation of angiogenesis: role of endothelial arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase
Blood
95
2304-2311
2000
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Pei, H.; Gu, J.; Thimmalapura, P.; Mison, A.; Nadler, J.L.
Activation of the 12-lipoxygenase and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway during neointima formation in a model of the metabolic syndrome
Am. J. Physiol.
290
E92-E102
2006
Rattus norvegicus
Collins, J.F.; Hu, Z.; Ranganathan, P.N.; Feng, D.; Garrick, L.M.; Garrick, M.D.; Browne, R.W.
Induction of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (Alox15) in intestine of iron-deficient rats correlates with the production of biologically active lipid mediators
Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.
294
G948-G962
2008
Rattus norvegicus (Q02759)
Higuchi, Y.; Tanii, H.; Koriyama, Y.; Mizukami, Y.; Yoshimoto, T.
Arachidonic acid promotes glutamate-induced cell death associated with necrosis by 12-lipoxygenase activation in glioma cells
Life Sci.
80
1856-1864
2007
Rattus norvegicus
Nagasawa, K.; Kakuda, T.; Higashi, Y.; Fujimoto, S.
Possible involvement of 12-lipoxygenase activation in glucose-deprivation/reload-treated neurons
Neurosci. Lett.
429
120-125
2007
Rattus norvegicus
Lim, K.M.; Kim, J.S.; Bae, O.N.; Noh, J.Y.; Chung, S.M.; Chung, K.Y.; Chung, J.H.
Co-oxidation-mediated xenobiotic activation and cytotoxicity by 12-lipoxygenase in intact platelets
Toxicology
247
154-160
2008
Rattus norvegicus (Q02759)
Prasad, V.V.; Nithipatikom, K.; Harder, D.R.
Ceramide elevates 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels and upregulates 12-lipoxygenase in rat primary hippocampal cell cultures containing predominantly astrocytes
Neurochem. Int.
53
220-229
2008
Rattus norvegicus
Blazevic, T.; Schwaiberger, A.V.; Schreiner, C.E.; Schachner, D.; Schaible, A.M.; Grojer, C.S.; Atanasov, A.G.; Werz, O.; Dirsch, V.M.; Heiss, E.H.
12/15-Lipoxygenase contributes to platelet-derived growth factor- induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
J. Biol. Chem.
288
35592-35603
2013
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Sun, L.; Xu, Y.W.; Han, J.; Liang, H.; Wang, N.; Cheng, Y.
12/15-Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid activate PPARgamma a possible neuroprotective effect in ischemic brain
J. Lipid Res.
56
502-514
2015
Rattus norvegicus (Q02759), Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley (Q02759)
Zhang, C.; Ma, C.; Yao, H.; Zhang, L.; Yu, X.; Liu, Y.; Shen, T.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, F.; Chen, X.; Zhu, D.
12-lipoxygenase and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid regulate hypoxic angiogenesis and survival of pulmonary artery endothelial cells via PI3K/Akt pathway
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
314
L606-L616
2018
Rattus norvegicus (Q2KMM4)
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