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Information on EC 1.11.1.28 - lipoyl-dependent peroxiredoxin
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1.11.1.28 lipoyl-dependent peroxiredoxinIUBMB Comments
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant proteins. They can be divided into three classes: typical 2-Cys, atypical 2-Cys and 1-Cys peroxiredoxins . The peroxidase reaction comprises two steps centred around a redox-active cysteine called the peroxidatic cysteine. All three peroxiredoxin classes have the first step in common, in which the peroxidatic cysteine attacks the peroxide substrate and is oxidized to S-hydroxycysteine (a sulfenic acid) (see {single/111115a::mechanism}). The second step of the peroxidase reaction, the regeneration of cysteine from S-hydroxycysteine, distinguishes the three peroxiredoxin classes. For typical 2-Cys Prxs, in the second step, the peroxidatic S-hydroxycysteine from one subunit is attacked by the 'resolving' cysteine located in the C-terminus of the second subunit, to form an intersubunit disulfide bond, which is then reduced by one of several cell-specific thiol-containing reductants completing the catalytic cycle. In the atypical 2-Cys Prxs, both the peroxidatic cysteine and its resolving cysteine are in the same polypeptide, so their reaction forms an intrachain disulfide bond. The 1-Cys Prxs conserve only the peroxidatic cysteine, so its regeneration involves direct interaction with a reductant molecule. Two types of lipoyl-dependent peroxiredoxins have been reported from bacteria. One type is the AhpC/AhpD system, originally described from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In that system, AhpC catalyses reduction of the substrate, resulting in an intramolecular disulfide. AhpD then forms an intermolecular disulfide crosslink with AhpC, reducing it back to active state. AhpD is reduced in turn by lipoylated proteins. The second type, which has been characterized in Xylella fastidiosa, consists of only one type of subunit, which interacts directly with lipoylated proteins.
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Word Map
- 1.11.1.28
- peroxiredoxins
- xanthomonas
- campestris
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tert-butyl
- phaseoli
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tbooh
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cys-based
- xylella
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peroxidatic
- cumene
- medicine
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thiol-dependent
- fastidiosa
- glutaredoxins
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osmcs
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peroxide-sensing
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sulfenic
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lipoylated
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
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a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-[(R)-dihydrolipoyl]-L-lysine
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a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine
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Synonyms
organic hydroperoxide resistance, peroxiredoxin ahpc, organic hydroperoxide resistance protein, ahpcd, mfohr, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AhpC
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AhpD
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Ohr
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
lipoyl:hydroperoxide oxidoreductase
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant proteins. They can be divided into three classes: typical 2-Cys, atypical 2-Cys and 1-Cys peroxiredoxins [2]. The peroxidase reaction comprises two steps centred around a redox-active cysteine called the peroxidatic cysteine. All three peroxiredoxin classes have the first step in common, in which the peroxidatic cysteine attacks the peroxide substrate and is oxidized to S-hydroxycysteine (a sulfenic acid) (see {single/111115a::mechanism}). The second step of the peroxidase reaction, the regeneration of cysteine from S-hydroxycysteine, distinguishes the three peroxiredoxin classes. For typical 2-Cys Prxs, in the second step, the peroxidatic S-hydroxycysteine from one subunit is attacked by the 'resolving' cysteine located in the C-terminus of the second subunit, to form an intersubunit disulfide bond, which is then reduced by one of several cell-specific thiol-containing reductants completing the catalytic cycle. In the atypical 2-Cys Prxs, both the peroxidatic cysteine and its resolving cysteine are in the same polypeptide, so their reaction forms an intrachain disulfide bond. The 1-Cys Prxs conserve only the peroxidatic cysteine, so its regeneration involves direct interaction with a reductant molecule. Two types of lipoyl-dependent peroxiredoxins have been reported from bacteria. One type is the AhpC/AhpD system, originally described from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In that system, AhpC catalyses reduction of the substrate, resulting in an intramolecular disulfide. AhpD then forms an intermolecular disulfide crosslink with AhpC, reducing it back to active state. AhpD is reduced in turn by lipoylated proteins. The second type, which has been characterized in Xylella fastidiosa, consists of only one type of subunit, which interacts directly with lipoylated proteins.
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
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AhpD contributes to regenerate a variety of thiol-dependent peroxidase in the decomposition of peroxide by linking a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd)/dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (SucB)/NADH system through the cyclization of their own active site dithiol to the oxidized disulphide. The CXXC motif of AhpD is essential to maintain the peroxides reduction activity of thiol-dependent peroxidase. The AhpD system is an important redox system in cells besides the thioredoxin system. Corynebacterium glutamicum AhpD not only has the ability to reduce a variety of thioredoxin-dependent antioxidant enzymes, including mycothiol peroxidase, peroxiredoxin, and Ohr (organic Hydroperoxide Resistance), but also shows a higher affinity for Ohr than those of mycothiol peroxidase and peroxiredoxin, which is different from the only AhpC-reducing Mycobacterium tuberculosis AhpD
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additional information
?
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AhpD contributes to regenerate a variety of thiol-dependent peroxidase in the decomposition of peroxide by linking a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd)/dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (SucB)/NADH system through the cyclization of their own active site dithiol to the oxidized disulphide. The CXXC motif of AhpD is essential to maintain the peroxides reduction activity of thiol-dependent peroxidase. The AhpD system is an important redox system in cells besides the thioredoxin system. Corynebacterium glutamicum AhpD not only has the ability to reduce a variety of thioredoxin-dependent antioxidant enzymes, including mycothiol peroxidase, peroxiredoxin, and Ohr (organic Hydroperoxide Resistance), but also shows a higher affinity for Ohr than those of mycothiol peroxidase and peroxiredoxin, which is different from the only AhpC-reducing Mycobacterium tuberculosis AhpD
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
DELTAahpD1DELTAahpD2 mutants exhibit significantly decreased resistance to adverse stress conditions and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
physiological function
physiological function
AhpD acts as a backup of thioredoxin to provide reducing power for peroxidase
physiological function
the ahpD gene is more involved in defences against H2O2 than in detoxifying alkyl hydroperoxide. It plays an important role in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress response
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). Q8NMX8_CORGL
Corynebacterium glutamicum (strain ATCC 13032 / DSM 20300 / BCRC 11384 / JCM 1318 / LMG 3730 / NCIMB 10025)
411
0
44978
TrEMBL
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Hong, E.; Jeong, H.; Lee, D.; Kim, Y.; Lee, H.
The ahpD gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum plays an important role in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress response
J. Biochem.
165
197-204
2019
Corynebacterium glutamicum (Q8NMX8), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 (Q8NMX8)
Su, T.; Si, M.; Zhao, Y.; Yao, S.; Che, C.; Liu, Y.; Chen, C.
Function of alkyl hydroperoxidase AhpD in resistance to oxidative stress in Corynebacterium glutamicum
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.
65
72-79
2019
Corynebacterium glutamicum (Q8NMX8), Corynebacterium glutamicum (Q8NN44), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 (Q8NMX8), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 (Q8NN44)
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