Information on EC 1.1.2.8 - alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)

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PQQ-ADH

PQQ-alcohol dehydrogenase

quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase

quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases

Acetobacter pasteurianus IFO3191

9 entries

3 entries

Acetobacter pasteurianus MSU10

Acetobacter pasteurianus SKU1108

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Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5

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-

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physiological function

additional information

ethanol + 2 cytochrome c

ethanal + 2 reduced cytochrome c

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EPR-study to elucidate reaction mechanism. In an addition/elimination mechanism, the negatively charged substrate oxygen then performs a nucleophilic addition to the PQQ(C5) to form a covalent substrate-PQQ complex. This is followed by elimination of ethanal, leaving the fully reduced PQQH2. In a hydride transfer mechanism, a nucleophilic addition to the PQQ(C5) again occurs, but this time it is the hydride from C1 of the substrate that is transferred, completing the oxidization of the ethanol to ethanal. Subsequently, the PQQ enolizes to form PQQH2. The results are consistent with either proposed mechanism

676857

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ethanol + 2 ferricytochrome c

ethanal + 2 ferrocytochrome c

6 entries

ethanol + N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine

ethanal + ?

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i.e. Wurster's Blue

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?

ethanol + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

ethanal + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

ethanol + 2 ferricytochrome c

ethanal + 2 ferrocytochrome c

6 entries

cytochrome c

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prosthetic groups, four per enzyme

pyrroloquinoline quinone

5 entries

additional information

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one [2Fe-2S] cluster per enzyme

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Ca2+

3 entries

Iron

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one [2Fe-2S] cluster per enzyme

Mg2+

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required

Sr2+

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incubation of apo-enzyme with Sr2+ and pyrroloquinoline quinone leads to the formation of an active Sr2+-form. The Sr2+ and the Ca2+-forms of the enzyme differ in their absorption spectra. The Sr2+-form is inactivated by trans-l,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid twice as fast as the Ca2+-form.

701600

ethanol

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does not affect the adhS gene expression but induces PQQ-ADH activity

40

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pH 9.0, 25°C

6

C7G3B7, C7G3B8, C9K501, C9K502, C9K504, C9W9E3, D2SZY4, D2SZY5

assay at; assay at; assay at; assay at; assay at; assay at; assay at; assay at

7.5

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assay at

25

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assay at

30

C7G3B7, C7G3B8, C9K501, C9K502, C9K504, C9W9E3, D2SZY4, D2SZY5

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35

C7G3B7, C7G3B8, C9K501, C9K502, C9K504, C9W9E3, D2SZY4, D2SZY5

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additional information

13 entries

additional information

C7G3B7

the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol

C7G3B8

the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol

C9K501

the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol

C9K502

the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol

C9K504

the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol

C9W9E3

the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol

D2SZY4

the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol

D2SZY5

the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol; the MSU10 strain shows higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37°C than strain SKU1108, while strain SKU1108 strain can accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ethanol at the same temperature. The fermentation ability at 37°C of these thermotolerant strains is superior to that of mesophilic strain IFO3191 having weak growth and very delayed acetic acid production at 37°C even at 4% ethanol

membrane

Pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes

4cvb, download, 3D-view

SCOPe (4cvb)

CATH (4cvb)

Q93RE9

4cvc, download, 3D-view

SCOPe (4cvc)

CATH (4cvc)

Pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes

Q93RE9

9000

45000

-

1 * 72000 + 1 * 45000, inactive enzyme form, SDS-PAGE; 2 * 72000 + 2 * 45000, dimer of dimers, active enzyme form, SDS-PAGE

60000

72000

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1 * 72000 + 1 * 45000, inactive enzyme form, SDS-PAGE; 2 * 72000 + 2 * 45000, dimer of dimers, active enzyme form, SDS-PAGE

115000

-

inactive enzyme form, native PAGE

120000

-

inactive enzyme form, gel filtration

136000

-

gel filtration

330000

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active enzyme form, gel filtration

345000

-

active enzyme form, native PAGE

dimer

1 * 60000 + 1 * 9000, SDS-PAGE

heterodimer

heterotetramer

tetramer

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2 * 60000, alpha-subunit, + 2 * 9000, beta-subunit, SDS-PAGE

additional information

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enzyme interacts with a soluble cytochrome cEDH, the oxidized form being an excellent acceptor for the semiquinone form of EDH. This cytochrome is quite different from the cytochrome c551 operating in nitrate respiration

additional information

sequence contains a signal peptide of 34 residues

alignment with the amino acid sequence of the large subunit of the quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens. The amino acid residues involved in the binding of pyrroloquinoline quinone and Ca2+ at the active site are conserved

diffraction to beyond 2.5 A, space group R3

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705106

to 2.6 A resolution, by molecular replacement. Eight W-shaped beta-sheet motifs are arranged circularly in a propeller-like fashion forming a disk-shaped superbarrel. The prosthetic group is located in the centre of the superbarrel and is coordinated to a calcium ion. Most amino acid residues found in close contact with the prosthetic group pyrroloquinoline quinone and the Ca2+ are conserved between the quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase structure and that of the methanol dehydrogenases from Methylobacterium extorquens or Methylophilus W3A1. The main differences in the active-site region are a bulky tryptophan residue in the active-site cavity of methanol dehydrogenase, which is replaced by a phenylalanine and a leucine side-chain in the ethanol dehydrogenase structure and a leucine residue right above the pyrrolquinoline quinone group in methanol dehydrogenase which is replaced by a tryptophan side-chain. Both amino acid exchanges contribute to different substrate specificities of these otherwise very similar enzymes. In addition to the Ca2+ in the active-site cavity, ethanol dehydrogenase contains a second Ca2+-binding site at the N-terminus, which contributes to the stability of the native enzyme

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389959

acetic acid

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-

native enzyme from membranes by two steps of anion exchange chormatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, and gel filtration

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native enzyme from strain IFO3191 by ultracentrifugation and anion exchange chromatography; native enzyme from strain IFO3191 by ultracentrifugation and anion exchange chromatography; native enzyme from strain IFO3191 by ultracentrifugation and anion exchange chromatography; native enzyme from strain MSU10 by ultracentrifugation and anion exchange chromatography; native enzyme from strain MSU10 by ultracentrifugation and anion exchange chromatography; native enzyme from strain SKU1108 by ultracentrifugation and anion exchange chromatography; native enzyme from strain SKU1108 by ultracentrifugation and anion exchange chromatography; native enzyme from strain SKU1108 by ultracentrifugation and anion exchange chromatography

C7G3B7, C7G3B8, C9K501, C9K502, C9K504, C9W9E3, D2SZY4, D2SZY5

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gene adhA, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison of the genes encoding subunit I, subunit II, and subunit III of ADHs; gene adhA, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison of the genes encoding subunit I, subunit II, and subunit III of ADHs; gene adhB, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison of the genes encoding subunit I, subunit II, and subunit III of ADHs; gene adhB, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison of the genes encoding subunit I, subunit II, and subunit III of ADHs; gene adhS, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison of the genes encoding subunit I, subunit II, and subunit III of ADHs

C7G3B7, C7G3B8, C9K501, C9K502, C9K504, C9W9E3, D2SZY4, D2SZY5

ethanol does not affect the adhS gene expression but induces PQQ-ADH activity

A26V

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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the PQQ-ADH activity and ethanol oxidizing ability

G55D

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the PQQ-ADH activity and ethanol oxidizing ability

L18Q

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the PQQ-ADH activity and ethanol oxidizing ability

T104K

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation leads to a complete loss of ethanol oxidizing ability

V107A

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the PQQ-ADH activity and ethanol oxidizing ability

V36I

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the PQQ-ADH activity and ethanol oxidizing ability

V54I

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the PQQ-ADH activity and ethanol oxidizing ability

V70A

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the PQQ-ADH activity and ethanol oxidizing ability

C105A/C106A

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mutation of residues forming a characteristic disulfide ring in the binding pocket of pyrroloquinoline quinone. Analysis by EPR spectroscopy shows that the disulfide ring is no prerequisite for the formation of the functionally important semiquinone form of pyrroloquinoline quinone

674560

additional information

treatment with trans-l,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid at 30°C leads to an catalytically inactive apo-form. Upon incubation of the apo-form with Ca2+ and pyrroloquinoline quinone a fully active holo-enzyme is reconstituted. Incubation of apo-enzyme with Sr2+ and pyrroloquinoline quinone leads to the formation of an active Sr2+-form. The Sr2+ and the Ca2+-forms of the enzyme differ in their absorption spectra.