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Information on EC 1.1.1.86 - ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP+)
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1.1.1.86 ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP+)IUBMB Comments
Also catalyses the reduction of 2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanoate to 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate. The enzyme, found in many bacteria and archaea, is specific for NADPH (cf. EC 1.1.1.382, ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NAD+) and EC 1.1.1.383, ketol-acid reductoisomerase [NAD(P)+]).
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Word Map
- 1.1.1.86
-
branched-chain
- 5-phosphate
-
karis
- 1-deoxy-d-xylulose
- fosmidomycin
-
isoprenoids
- methylerythritol
- 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate
- deoxyxylulose
- l-valine
- isobutanol
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2-c-methyl-d-erythritol
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non-mevalonate
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dihydroxyacid
-
2-keto
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isoleucine-valine
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ilvbnce
- drug development
- biofuel production
- industry
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
reductoisomerase, ketol-acid reductoisomerase, acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, ilv5p, isomeroreductase, acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase, ahair, acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase, ilvc1, acetolactate reductoisomerase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
2-hydroxy-3-keto acid reductoisomerase
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acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase
acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase
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acetohydroxy-acid isomeroreductase
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acetohydroxy-acid reductoisomerase
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acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase
acetolactate reductoisomerase
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AHAIR
AHIR
alpha-keto-beta-hydroxylacil reductoisomerase
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alpha-keto-beta-hydroxylacyl reductoisomerase
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dehydrogenase, dihydroxyisovalerate (isomerizing)
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dihydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase (isomerizing)
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EC 1.1.1.89
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formerly
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ilvC
IlvC1
IlvC2
isomerase, ketol acid reducto-
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isomeroreductase
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KARI
ketol-acid reductoisomerase
reductoisomerase
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acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase
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acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase
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KARI
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
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(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
active site structure
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(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
bifunctional enzyme that catalyses two different reactions at a common active site, an isomerization consisting of an alkyl migration, followed by an NADPH-dependent reduction of a-ketoacid
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(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
catalytic mechanism, overview
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(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
active site structure and catalytic mechanism, mechanism of induced fit, overview
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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rearrangement
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redox reaction
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reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (isomerizing)
Also catalyses the reduction of 2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanoate to 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate. The enzyme, found in many bacteria and archaea, is specific for NADPH (cf. EC 1.1.1.382, ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NAD+) and EC 1.1.1.383, ketol-acid reductoisomerase [NAD(P)+]).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9075-02-9
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine, pathway overview
-
-
?
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADP+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-isovalerate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ + H+
-
the enzyme is the second of the valine pathway
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r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-2-ethyl-butanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-ethyl-2-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-ethyl-butanoate + NADP+
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-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methyl-butanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
NADP+ + 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate
NADPH + acetolactate
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-
-
?
NADPH + 2-oxo-3-hydroxyisovalerate
NADP+ + alpha,beta-dihydroxyisovalerate
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-
-
?
NADPH + alpha-aceto-alpha-hydroxybutyrate
NADP+ + ?
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enzyme of isoleucine biosynthesis
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-
?
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(2S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
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-
-
?
(2S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
the enzyme prefers NADPH as a cofactor rather than NADH. kcat/Km for NADPH is 322fold higher than kcat/KM for NADH
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-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
the enzyme prefers NADPH as a cofactor rather than NADH. kcat/Km for NADPH is 322fold higher than kcat/KM for NADH
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-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
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-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
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-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
the reaction includes the initial deprotonation of the substrate C2 hydroxy group, bridged by the two Mg2+ ions, alkyl migration from the C2-alkoxide carbon atom to the C3-carbon
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-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
the reaction includes the initial deprotonation of the substrate C2 hydroxy group, bridged by the two Mg2+ ions, alkyl migration from the C2-alkoxide carbon atom to the C3-carbon
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-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
the enzyme prefers NADPH as a cofactor rather than NADH. kcat/Km for NADPH is 322fold higher than kcat/KM for NADH
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-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
the enzyme prefers NADPH as a cofactor rather than NADH. kcat/Km for NADPH is 322fold higher than kcat/KM for NADH
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-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
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-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
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-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
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-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
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r
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
conformational changes in a plant ketol-acid reductoisomerase upon Mg2+ and NADPH binding, overview
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r
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
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the enzyme performs a two-step reaction of an alkyl migration followed by an NADPH-dependent reduction rection
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r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
the enzyme can also use NADH for efficient catalysis. Higher activity by with NADPH as compared to NADH. kcat/Km ratio of NADH/NADPH is 0.051
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-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
the enzyme can also use NADH for efficient catalysis. Higher activity by with NADPH as compared to NADH. kcat/Km ratio of NADH/NADPH is 0.051
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-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
the enzyme can also use NADH for efficient catalysis. Higher activity by with NADPH as compared to NADH. kcat/Km ratio of NADH/NADPH is 0.051
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
the enzyme can also use NADH for efficient catalysis. Higher activity by with NADPH as compared to NADH. kcat/Km ratio of NADH/NADPH is 0.051
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
second enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
second enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine, pathway overview
-
-
?
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+ + H+
-
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+ + H+
-
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
second common reaction in the biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids
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r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of valine synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
not reversible at pH 7.5, reversible at pH 9-10
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r