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(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
(2S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine, pathway overview
-
-
?
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+ + H+
2-acetolactate + NADP+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-isovalerate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ + H+
-
the enzyme is the second of the valine pathway
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
2-acetolactate + NADPH
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
2-glutaryl lactic acid + NADPH
? + NADP+
2-hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-2-ethyl-butanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-2-ethylbutanoate + NADP+
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoate + NADP+
2-ketobutyrate + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
2-ketoisovalerate + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
2-ketopantoate + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
2-ketovalerate + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
2-methylacetoacetate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate + NADP+
2-tribromomethyl acetolactic acid + NADPH
? + NADP+
2-trichloromethyl acetolactic acid + NADPH
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-trifluormethyl acetolactic acid + NADPH
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-2-ketobutyrate + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-ethyl-2-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-ethyl-butanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-ethyl-2-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-ethylbutanoate + NADP+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketobutyrate + NADP+
?
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methyl-butanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
3-hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+
?
3-hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoate + NADP+
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH
glycerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxypropanoate + NADP+
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+
glycerate + NADP+
NADP+ + 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate
NADPH + acetolactate
-
-
-
?
NADPH + 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate
NADP+ + ?
NADPH + 2-acetolactate
NADP+ + 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate
NADPH + 2-oxo-3-hydroxyisovalerate
NADP+ + alpha,beta-dihydroxyisovalerate
-
-
-
?
NADPH + alpha-aceto-alpha-hydroxybutyrate
NADP+ + ?
-
enzyme of isoleucine biosynthesis
-
-
?
pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+
2-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+

(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(2S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+

(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
the enzyme prefers NADPH as a cofactor rather than NADH. kcat/Km for NADPH is 322fold higher than kcat/KM for NADH
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
the enzyme prefers NADPH as a cofactor rather than NADH. kcat/Km for NADPH is 322fold higher than kcat/KM for NADH
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
the reaction includes the initial deprotonation of the substrate C2 hydroxy group, bridged by the two Mg2+ ions, alkyl migration from the C2-alkoxide carbon atom to the C3-carbon
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
the reaction includes the initial deprotonation of the substrate C2 hydroxy group, bridged by the two Mg2+ ions, alkyl migration from the C2-alkoxide carbon atom to the C3-carbon
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+

(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
the enzyme prefers NADPH as a cofactor rather than NADH. kcat/Km for NADPH is 322fold higher than kcat/KM for NADH
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
the enzyme prefers NADPH as a cofactor rather than NADH. kcat/Km for NADPH is 322fold higher than kcat/KM for NADH
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+

3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+

(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
conformational changes in a plant ketol-acid reductoisomerase upon Mg2+ and NADPH binding, overview
-
-
r
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
-
the enzyme performs a two-step reaction of an alkyl migration followed by an NADPH-dependent reduction rection
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
the enzyme can also use NADH for efficient catalysis. Higher activity by with NADPH as compared to NADH. kcat/Km ratio of NADH/NADPH is 0.051
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
the enzyme can also use NADH for efficient catalysis. Higher activity by with NADPH as compared to NADH. kcat/Km ratio of NADH/NADPH is 0.051
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+

(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NAD+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+

2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
the enzyme can also use NADH for efficient catalysis. Higher activity by with NADPH as compared to NADH. kcat/Km ratio of NADH/NADPH is 0.051
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
the enzyme can also use NADH for efficient catalysis. Higher activity by with NADPH as compared to NADH. kcat/Km ratio of NADH/NADPH is 0.051
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+

(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
second enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
second enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
(R)-2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+

2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH

2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate + NADP+
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine, pathway overview
-
-
?
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+

? + NADP+
-
-
-
r
2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADH + H+

2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+ + H+
-
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+ + H+
-
-
-
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH

2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
second common reaction in the biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of valine synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
not reversible at pH 7.5, reversible at pH 9-10
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
enzyme of branched chain amino acid synthesis
-
r
2-acetolactate + NADPH

2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-acetolactate + NADPH
2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate + NADP+