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Information on EC 1.1.1.77 - lactaldehyde reductase for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.1.1.77
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EC Tree
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
L-lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase, Propanediol oxidoreductase, propanediol:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) oxidoreductase,
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L-lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase
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Propanediol oxidoreductase
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propanediol:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) oxidoreductase
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(R)[or (S)]-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)[or (S)]-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+
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(R)[or (S)]-propane-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
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(R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(R)-lactaldehyde + NADH
(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
ethanol + NAD+
acetaldehyde + NADH
ethylene glycol + NAD+
glycolaldehyde + NAD+
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r
glycerol + NAD+
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADH
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r
L-1,2-propanediol + NAD+
L-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+
propanol + NAD+
propionaldehyde + NADH
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r
(R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(R)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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?
(R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(R)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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?
(R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(R)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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acts only on L-isomer
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?
(R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(R)-lactaldehyde + NADH
Microcyclus eburneus
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?
(R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(R)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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?
(R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(R)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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utilizes D- and L-lactaldehyde in the reverse direction equally well
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r
(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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in the fermentative metabolism 1,2-propanediol is formed under phosphate limitation via the methylglyoxal by-pass
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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r
(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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only L-propane-1,2-diol is oxidized
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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anaerobically lactaldehyde is reduced to propane-1,2-diol in the L-fucose and L-rhamnose metabolism
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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aerobically only mutant, strain 3 and 430, are capable of growth on 1,2-propanediol
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
Microcyclus eburneus
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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Embden-Meyerhof pathway for 6-deoxyhexose catabolism
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?
(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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r
ethanol + NAD+
acetaldehyde + NADH
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r
ethanol + NAD+
acetaldehyde + NADH
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r
L-1,2-propanediol + NAD+
L-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+
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?
L-1,2-propanediol + NAD+
L-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+
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?
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
L-1,2-propanediol + NAD+
L-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+
(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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in the fermentative metabolism 1,2-propanediol is formed under phosphate limitation via the methylglyoxal by-pass
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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r
(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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anaerobically lactaldehyde is reduced to propane-1,2-diol in the L-fucose and L-rhamnose metabolism
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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aerobically only mutant, strain 3 and 430, are capable of growth on 1,2-propanediol
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(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+
(S)-lactaldehyde + NADH
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Embden-Meyerhof pathway for 6-deoxyhexose catabolism
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?
L-1,2-propanediol + NAD+
L-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+
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?
L-1,2-propanediol + NAD+
L-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+
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?
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NAD+
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NAD+
Microcyclus eburneus
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NADH
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NADP+
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one tenth of the activity as with NAD+
NADP+
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cell extracts also contain lactaldehyde reductase activity which utilizes either NADH or NADPH as electron donor
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ascorbate
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0.025 mM FeCl3 and 0.035 mM ascorbate causes a 90% enzyme inactivation after 120 min = inactivation of metal-catalyzed oxidation; several amino-acids prevent the inactivation; under aerobic conditions 0.025 mM FeCl3 causes a 50% enzyme inactivation after 120 min
Fe2+
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under anaerobic conditions 0.01 mM Fe2+ and 0.1 mM H2O2 had the effect of 85% enzyme inactivation after 2 min, with addition of 0.0001 mM catalase the inactivation is only 25% after 2 min and with addition of 0.01 mM superoxide dismutase instead of catalse the inactivation is again 82% after 2 min
Fe3+
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0.025 mM FeCl3 and 0.035 mM ascorbate causes a 90% enzyme inactivation after 120 min = inactivation of metal-catalyzed oxidation; several amino-acids prevent the inactivation; under aerobic conditions 0.025 mM FeCl3 causes a 50% enzyme inactivation after 120 min
H2O2
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under anaerobic conditions 0.01 mM Fe2+ and 0.1 mM H2O2 had the effect of 85% enzyme inactivation after 2 min, with addition of 0.0001 mM catalase the inactivation is only 25% after 2 min and with addition of 0.01 mM superoxide dismutase instead of catalse the inactivation is again 82% after 2 min
L-1,2-propanediol
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above 25 mM: substrate inhibition
p-chloromercuribenzoate
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11
DL-1,2-Propanediol
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1.25
L-1,2-propanediol
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pH 9.5
0.035
L-lactaldehyde
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pH 7.0
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36.6
Microcyclus eburneus
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9.5
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dehydrogenation of L-1,2-propanediol
6.5
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reduction of L-lactaldehyde
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4.5 - 10
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reduction of lactaldehyde, pH 4.5: 50% of reductase activity maximum, pH 10: 10% of reductase activity maximum
6 - 7.8
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reduction of DL-lactaldehyde, pH 6: 50% of reductase activity maximum, pH 7.8: 45% of reductase activity maximum
8 - 11
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dehydrogenation of 1,2-propanediol, pH 8: 10% of dehydrogenase activity maximum, pH 11: 65% of dehydrogenase activity maximum
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25
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enzyme assay performed at this temperature
30
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enzyme assay performed at this temperature
43
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enzyme assay performed at this temperature
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25 - 43
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optimal temperature for enzyme activity differs in various organisms
25 - 43
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optimal temperature for enzyme activity differs in various organisms
25 - 43
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optimal temperature for enzyme activity differs in various organisms
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gene rhaO
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brenda
gene rhaO
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
Microcyclus eburneus
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
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155000
Microcyclus eburneus
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gel filtration on Sephadex G-200
38000
Microcyclus eburneus
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4 * 38000, SDS-PAGE
39000
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2 * 39000, SDS-PAGE
76000
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gel permeation chromatography on a calibrated column of Ultrogel AcA 34 under denaturating conditions
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dimer
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2 * 39000, SDS-PAGE
tetramer
Microcyclus eburneus
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4 * 38000, SDS-PAGE
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additional information
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a rhaO knockout mutant produces reduced levels of L-1,2-propanediol during growth in rhamnose, the mutant cannot utilise rhamnose as the sole carbon source but grows normally on glucose
additional information
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a rhaO knockout mutant produces reduced levels of L-1,2-propanediol during growth in rhamnose, the mutant cannot utilise rhamnose as the sole carbon source but grows normally on glucose
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crude extract, ammonium sulfate precipitation, heat treatment, ultrogel AcA 34 fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, second ultrogel AcA 34 fractionation
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crude extract, protamine sulfate, ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sephadex-25, hydroxylapatite, blue dextran polyacrylamide
Microcyclus eburneus
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extraction, heat treatment, ammonium sulfate-fractionation, DEAE-cellulose and Alumina C
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gene rhaO, encoded in the rhaKIPAO gene cluster, expression analysis, transcriptional regulation of the rhaKIPAOR gene cluster, overview
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synthesis
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fermentation of L-rhamnose, L-fucose and D-fucose to a mixture of 1,2-propanediol, acetone, H2, CO2 and ethanol
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Tran-Din, K.; Gottschalk, G.
Formation of D(-)-1,2-propanediol and D(-)-lactate from glucose by Clostridium sphenoides under phosphate limitation
Arch. Microbiol.
142
87-92
1985
Clostridium sphenoides
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brenda
Ting, S.M.; Sellinger, O.Z.; Miller, O.N.
The metabolism of lactaldehyde VI. The reduction of D- and L-lactaldehyde in rat liver
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
89
217-225
1965
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Kawagishi, T.; Nishio, N.; Matsuno, R.; Kamikubo, T.
Purification of NAD-dependent 1,2-propanediol dehydrogenating enzyme from Microcyclus eberneus
Agric. Biol. Chem.
44
949-950
1980
Microcyclus eburneus
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brenda
Weimer, P.J.
Fermentation of 6-deoxyhexoses by Bacillus macerans
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
47
263-267
1984
Paenibacillus macerans
brenda
Boronat, A.; Aguilar,J.
Rhamnose-induced propanediol oxidoreductase in Escherichia coli: purification, properties and comparison with the fucose-induced enzyme
J. Bacteriol.
140
320-326
1979
Escherichia coli
brenda
Hacking, A.J.; Lin, E.C.C.
Disruption of the fucose pathway as a consequence of genetic adaptation to propanediol as a carbon source in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol.
126
1166-1172
1976
Escherichia coli
brenda
Hacking, A.J.; Aguilar, J.; Lin, E.C.C.
Evolution of propanediol utilization in Escherichia coli: mutant with improved substrate-scavenging power
J. Bacteriol.
136
522-530
1978
Escherichia coli
brenda
Cocks, G.T.; Aguilar, J.; Lin, E.C.C.
Evolution of L-1,2-propanediol catabolism in Escherichia coli by recruitment of enzymes for L-fucose and L-lactate metabolism
J. Bacteriol.
118
83-88
1974
Escherichia coli
brenda
Boronat, A.; Aguilar, J.
Metabolism of L-fucose and L-rhamnose in Escherichia coli; differences in induction of propanediol oxidoreductase
J. Bacteriol.
147
181-185
1981
Escherichia coli
brenda
Cabiscol, E.; Badia, J.; Baldoma, L.; Hidalgo, E.; Aguilar, J.; Ros, J.
Inactivation of propanediol oxidoreductase of Escherichia coli by metal-catalyzed oxidation
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1118
155-160
1992
Escherichia coli
brenda
Patel, E.H.; Paul, L.V.; Patrick, S.; Abratt, V.R.
Rhamnose catabolism in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is controlled by the positive transcriptional regulator RhaR
Res. Microbiol.
159
678-684
2008
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482
brenda
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