Information on EC 1.1.1.40 - malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q8H1E2
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.1.1.40
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The enzyme catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of (S)-malate in the presence of NADP+ and divalent metal ions, and the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate. cf. EC 1.1.1.38, malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), and EC 1.1.1.39, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating).
The enzyme catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of (S)-malate in the presence of NADP+ and divalent metal ions, and the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate. cf. EC 1.1.1.38, malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), and EC 1.1.1.39, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating).
NADP-ME2 is the isozyme with the highest catalytic efficiency for the reverse reaction, while NADP-ME4 presents higher kcat for the reverse reaction than for the forward reaction
fumarate activates the NADP-ME2 forward reaction by about 15fold at 0.05 mM NADP+, but only at about 1.5fold at 0.35 mM NADP+. The trans configuration of fumarate is crucial for the activating effect
isozyme NADP-ME2 activity is highly stimulated at both low and high concentrations of 0.5 mM and 2 mM, respectively, partial activation of isozyme NADP-ME1 at 2 mM
relative NADP-malic enzyme activity in rosette leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type, loss-of-function (nadp-me2.1 and -2.2), complemented (nadp-me2.1 ? ME2-1 and -2) and overexpressing (ME2-1 and -2) lines, overview
in developing siliques, NADP-ME2 activity is found at both ends, the stigmatic papillae and the abscission zone. Detected in the funiculus and vascular tissue of the siliques, NADP-ME2
the enzyme metabolizes malate, which is important for stabilizing cytoplasmic pH, controlling stomatal aperture, increasing resistance to aluminum excess and pathogens. Pyruvate, another product of the enzyme reaction, participates in the synthesis of defense compounds such as flavonoids and lignin, which are involved in stresses tolerance such as mechanical wounding and pathogen invasion. Moreover, the enzyme provides essential reductive coenzyme NADPH in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin. On the other hand, NADPH is crucial for reactive oxygen species metabolizing systems such as the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase, and is also required by apoplastic oxidative burst in most plant-pathogen interactions
loss of cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana is associated with enhanced susceptibility to Colletotrichum higginsianum, transient apoplastic reactive oxygen species production after elicitation and callose papilla formation after infection are dampened in mutant nadp-me2
seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana lacking a functional enzyme isoform NADP-ME1 have reduced seed viability relative to the wild type. Seeds of the loss-of-function mutant display higher levels of protein carbonylation than those of the wild type
ADP-ME2 is an important player in plant basal defence, where it is involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species, NADP-ME2 is dispensable for later defence responses, overview
isoform NADP-ME1 plays a specialized role, linked to abscisic acid signalling during the seed development as well as in the response to water deficit stress
the enzyme plays important roles in diverse stress responses (pathogen infection, ozone stress, drought stress, salt stress, metal excess, temperature stress, wounding and UV radiation)
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of isozyme NADP-ME2, the mutant shows similar kinetics as the wild-type isozyme NADP-ME2, but loses the activation ability of fumarate
expression of NADP-MDH is not affected in knock-out plants, knock-out mutant lines At5g58340::tDNA-1, SALK_053119, and At5g58340::tDNA-2, SALK_018118, carrying a DNA insert in the 5' region
generation of knock-out mutants nadp-me2.1 and -2.2 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101-mediated transformation using the vacuum infiltration method
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
NADP-MDH gene, cDNA library screening, promoter analysis and DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genetic structure and sequence comparison with Brassicaceae plant sequences, overview, expression oof NADP-MDH-HIS3 fusion genes in the yeast two-hybrid system, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YM4271, identifying interaction with DNA binding proteins, overview
isoform NADP-ME1 transcript and protein are almost undetectable during normal vegetative growth, but gradually increase and reach levels higher than those of the other isoforms in the latest stages of seed development (reaching a value 136fold higher at 18 days after pollination). The treatment with 0.01 mM abscisic acid, 100 mM NaCl and 225 mM mannitol specifically induces the accumulation of isoform NADP-ME1 in seedlings and roots
Short-term low temperature induces nitro-oxidative stress that deregulates the NADP-Malic enzyme function by tyrosine nitration in Arabidopsis thaliana