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Information on EC 1.1.1.316 - L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase
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EC Tree
1.1.1.316 L-galactose 1-dehydrogenaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme catalyses a step in the ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants (Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway). The activity with NADP+ is less than 10% of the activity with NAD+.
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Word Map
- 1.1.1.316
- ascorbate
- l-galactono-1,4-lactone
- asa
- gdp-l-galactose
- dehydroascorbate
-
l-ascorbic
-
pyrophosphorylase
- gdp-d-mannose
- gpp
-
l-galactose-1-phosphate
- monodehydroascorbate
- kiwifruit
- d-galacturonate
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
l-galactose dehydrogenase, l-galdh, l-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
GDH
L-galactose dehydrogenase
L-GalDH
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of L-ascorbate in plants (Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway)
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
L-galactose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
The enzyme catalyses a step in the ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants (Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway). The activity with NADP+ is less than 10% of the activity with NAD+.
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
NAD+ preferred cofactor, lower activity with L-sorbosone, no activity with D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
activity with 0.1 mM NADP+ is 6% of that with NAD+, lower activity with L-sorbosone, no activity with D-arabinose and L-fucose
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
activity with 1 mM NADP+ was 4.7% of that with 1 mM NAD+, no activity with L-fructose, L-mannose, L-Xylose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-mannose and D-arabinose
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
high specificity for L-galactose. The activity with 1 mM NADP+ is 4.7% of that with 1 mM NAD+
-
-
ir
additional information
?
-
no activity is detectable with D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity is detectable with D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, L-fucose and D-arabinose. The enzyme oxidizes L-sorbosone with very low affinity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with L-fructose, L-mannose, L-xylose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-mannose and D-arabinose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with L-fructose, L-mannose, L-xylose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-mannose and D-arabinose
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
L-ascorbate
1 mM, 41% inhibition, linear-competitive inhibition, inhibition is reversible, equilibrium-type of feedback regulation for L-ascorbate synthesis; reversible inhibition by the end-product of the biosynthetic pathway
N-ethylmaleimide
5 mM: 67% inhibition; 5 mM, 67% inhibition. Inhibition is restored to 71% by incubation with 5 mM GSH
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
56.3
L-fucose
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.085
L-galactose
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
2.17
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
comparison of enzyme activity and ascorbate pool size in fruit pulp of orange and Satsuma mandarins, i.e. Citrus sinensis and Citrus unshiu, overview
brenda
comparison of enzyme activity and ascorbate pool size in fruit pulp of orange and Satsuma mandarins, i.e. Citrus sinensis and Citrus unshiu, overview
brenda
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the enzyme shows an expression pattern similar to the ascorbate levels and changes in fruits during development, overview
brenda
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the enzyme shows an expression pattern similar to the ascorbate levels and changes in fruits during development, overview
-
brenda
additional information
-
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
brenda
additional information
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis in peel pulp and source leaf
brenda
additional information
-
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis in peel pulp and source leaf
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
metabolism
key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of L-ascorbate in plants
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the ascorbate bioosynthesis in fruits
metabolism
L-ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis through the L-galactose pathway supplemented by D-galacturonic acid pathway and AsA recycling collectively contributes to accumulating and remaining higher AsA level in kiwifruit cv. White during postharvest. L-Galactose dehydrogenase (GalDH) activity and relative expressions of the genes encoding GDP-D-mannose diphosphorylase (GMP), L-galactose-1-P phosphatase (GPP), GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP), GalDH and GalUR are important for regulation of AsA biosynthesis. The genes including GMP, GME, GGP, GPP, GalDH, and GalLDH involve in L-galactose pathway. The activity and expression of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) are primarily responsible for regulation of AsA recycling in kiwifruit cv. White during postharvest. Changes in activities of enzymes involved in AsA metabolism in the fruit during storage, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis. GalDH activity is positively correlated with AsA content. GalLDH activity maintains a relatively steady level for the first 17 days of fruit storage, and then decreases a lowest level at 21 days of storage. The expression of GalDH increases sharply during the first 9 days, and then gradually increases to about 4times higher level compared to the initial level whereas, GalLDH is stably expressed with a slight fluctuation during storage
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). GALDH_ARATH
319
0
34532
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A5B7B7L8_DAVIN
270
0
30245
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
A0A5B7BYR3_DAVIN
196
0
21865
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
A0A5B6ZZ63_DAVIN
224
0
24559
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A1R3SZ67_9BACT
300
0
33756
TrEMBL
-
A0A2P6PJG2_ROSCH
368
0
40060
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
G7JTZ5_MEDTR
316
0
34289
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A2P6PJG1_ROSCH
108
0
12092
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A5B7B6W4_DAVIN
388
0
42966
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 4)
A0A0E4CYF5_9BACL
319
0
35285
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B7CE76_DAVIN
226
2
25532
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A6J8DFL5_MYTCO
358
0
40216
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A5B7BUD5_DAVIN
345
0
38171
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
A0A5B7BPS4_DAVIN
321
0
35680
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A5B7B871_DAVIN
251
0
28208
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
A0A1Y0Y9K6_ACEPA
178
0
19318
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B6Z7G6_DAVIN
348
0
38732
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A5B7C4C5_DAVIN
321
0
35725
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A7R8CE99_LEPSM
325
0
36609
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A2G9GGV5_9LAMI
322
0
34889
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A5B7A4E8_DAVIN
319
0
34535
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A812BLQ8_SEPPH
359
0
40646
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A5B7AVW9_DAVIN
195
0
21360
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
A0A5B7A2G6_DAVIN
348
0
37751
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
36000
40000
42200
87500
87500
gel filtration, two peaks of activity at 42400 Da and 87500 Da
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
homodimer
homotetramer