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Information on EC 1.1.1.294 - chlorophyll(ide) b reductase and Organism(s) Oryza sativa and UniProt Accession Q5N800
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EC Tree
1.1.1.294 chlorophyll(ide) b reductaseIUBMB Comments
This enzyme carries out the first step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a. It is involved in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence and it also forms part of the chlorophyll cycle, which interconverts chlorophyll a and b in response to changing light conditions [4,5].
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Word Map
- 1.1.1.294
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stay-green
- oxygenase
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light-harvesting
- pheophorbide
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7-hydroxymethyl
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dark-induced
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thylakoids
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ryegrass
- lhcii
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lolium
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perenne
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perennial
- etioplasts
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grana
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pheophytinase
- pao
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chlorophyll-binding
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Oryza sativa
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
chlorophyll b reductase, non-yellow coloring 1, chl b reductase, nyc1-like, non-yellow coloring1, chlorophyll(ide) b reductase, lpnyc1, bonyc1, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
chlorophyll b reductase
NOL
additional information
additional information
NYC belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family
additional information
NYC belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
71-hydroxychlorophyllide-a:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
This enzyme carries out the first step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a. It is involved in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence [3] and it also forms part of the chlorophyll cycle, which interconverts chlorophyll a and b in response to changing light conditions [4,5].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
185915-08-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chlorophyll b + NADPH
7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a + NADP+
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catalyzed by recombinant NOL, whereas NYC1 protein alone shows no activity, but it is required for a functional chlorophyll b reductase
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-
?
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
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-
-
?
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
the enzyme NYC1 is required for proper chloroplast degeneration, chlorophyll b is important for LHCP stability, and no pigment-bound LHCP is detected in chlorophyll b-deficient mutants
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-
?
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
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-
-
?
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
chlorophyll b is important for LHCP stability, and no pigment-bound LHCP is detected in chlorophyll b-deficient mutants
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-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
the enzyme NYC1 is required for proper chloroplast degeneration, chlorophyll b is important for LHCP stability, and no pigment-bound LHCP is detected in chlorophyll b-deficient mutants
-
-
?
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
chlorophyll b is important for LHCP stability, and no pigment-bound LHCP is detected in chlorophyll b-deficient mutants
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-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
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NYC1 and NO have enhanced expression in senescing tissues
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
NYC1 is a transmembrane protein with three transmembrane domains
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NYC1 isoform has three putative membrane-spanning domains, while NOL does not contain any predictable membrane-spanning domains
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NOL is localized on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane despite the lack of a transmembrane domain. NOL and NYC1 interact physically in vitro, NOL and NYC1 are co-localized in the thylakoid membrane and act in the form of a complex as a chlorophyll b reductase
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NYC1 protein may have three transmembrane spanning domains. NOL is located on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. NYC1 and NOL interact with one another, forming a functional chlorophyll b reductase complex
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
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chlorophyll b reductase belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase superfamily
malfunction
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rice mutants lacking either NYC1 or NOL are deficient in chlorophyll b reductase activity during leaf senescence. Impairment in the chlorophyll b reduction leads to LHC stabilization during leaf senescence in the rice mutant lacking chlorophyll b reductase
metabolism
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three enzymes participating in the chlorophyll cycle, namely, chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chlorophyll b reductase, and 7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll reductase, overview. In the reverse reactions from chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a, the 7-formyl group of chlorophyll b is first reduced to a hydroxyl group by the action of chlorophyll b reductase. The activities of chlorophyll b reductase and7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll reductase are coordinated in their regulation, otherwise, imbalance of those activities may lead to accumulation of the intermediate of the pathway. The conversion of chlorophyll b into chlorophyll a precedes the degradation of LHC during leaf senescence
additional information
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rice mutants lacking either NYC1 or NOL are deficient in chlorophyll b reductase activity during leaf senescence. Recombinant NOL enzyme shows in vitro chlorophyll b reductase activity in the absence of NYC1, it is possible that NOL could function independently of NYC1. It is possible that the heterodimer formation of NYC1 and NOL is necessary only under specific developmental conditions such as leaf senescence
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
the non-yellow coloring, nyc1, recessive mutant is a rice stay-green phenotype mutant due to a defect in chlorophyl degradation, in which chlorophyll degradation during senescence is impaired, the mutant NYC1 does not show chlorophyll b reductase activity, but NOL, i.e. NYC1-like, a protein closely related to NYC1 in rice, shows chlorophyll b reductase activity in vitro, phenotype, overview, a double mutant from a cross between nyc1-2 and a chlorophyll b-deficient mutant cao-2 does not show the stay-green senescence phenotype, overview
additional information
the non-yellow coloring, nyc1, recessive mutant is a rice stay-green phenotype mutant due to a defect in chlorophyl degradation, in which chlorophyll degradation during senescence is impaired, the mutant NYC1 does not show chlorophyll b reductase activity, but NOL, i.e. NYC1-like, a protein closely related to NYC1 in rice, shows chlorophyll b reductase activity in vitro, phenotype, overview, a double mutant from a cross between nyc1-2 and a chlorophyll b-deficient mutant cao-2 does not show the stay-green senescence phenotype, overview
additional information
-
the non-yellow coloring, nyc1, recessive mutant is a rice stay-green phenotype mutant due to a defect in chlorophyl degradation, in which chlorophyll degradation during senescence is impaired, the mutant NYC1 does not show chlorophyll b reductase activity, but NOL, i.e. NYC1-like, a protein closely related to NYC1 in rice, shows chlorophyll b reductase activity in vitro, phenotype, overview, a double mutant from a cross between nyc1-2 and a chlorophyll b-deficient mutant cao-2 does not show the stay-green senescence phenotype, overview
additional information
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nyc1 mutant, shows the stay-green phenotype. Nol mutant (lines G079-11B, C130-10H and G087-9H) shows a stay-green phenotype very similar to that of the nyc1 mutant, i.e. the degradation of chlorophyll b is severely inhibited and light-harvesting complex II is selectively retained during senescence, resulting in the retention of thylakoid grana even at a late stage of senescence. The nyc1 nol double mutant does not show prominent enhancement of inhibition of chlorophyll degradation
additional information
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nyc1-mutant is a stay-green mutant. The double mutant nyc1/nol only slightly enhances the corresponding single mutant phenotypes
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene nyc1, DNA and amino acid determination and anaylsis, phylogenetic tree, promoter analysis, semiquantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, overview
fusion of the region encoding the putative transit peptide of NOL to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and introduced into the epidermal cells of Allium cepa by particle bombardment
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gene nol, DNA and amino acid determination and anaylsis, phylogenetic tree, promoter analysis, semiquantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, overview
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Kusaba, M.; Ito, H.; Morita, R.; Iida, S.; Sato, Y.; Fujimoto, M.; Kawasaki, S.; Tanaka, R.; Hirochika, H.; Nishimura, M.; Tanaka, A.
Rice NON-YELLOW COLORING1 is involved in light-harvesting complex II and grana degradation during leaf senescence
Plant Cell
19
1362-1375
2007
Oryza sativa (Q5N800), Oryza sativa (Q84ST4), Oryza sativa
Sato, Y.; Morita, R.; Katsuma, S.; Nishimura, M.; Tanaka, A.; Kusaba, M.
Two short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases, NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 and NYC1-LIKE, are required for chlorophyll b and light-harvesting complex II degradation during senescence in rice
Plant J.
57
120-131
2009
Oryza sativa
Barry, C.
The stay-green revolution: Recent progress in deciphering the mechanisms of chlorophyll degradation in higher plants
Plant Sci.
176
325-333
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa
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