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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments Requires a molybdenum cofactor for activity. NADP+ cannot replace NAD+ and short-chain alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and cyclohexanol cannot replace xanthoxin as substrate . Involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway in plants, along with EC 1.2.3.14 (abscisic-aldehyde oxidase), EC 1.13.11.51 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) and EC 1.14.13.93 [(+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase]. Abscisic acid is a sesquiterpenoid plant hormone that is involved in the control of a wide range of essential physiological processes, including seed development, germination and responses to stress .
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
wilty, xanthoxin dehydrogenase, aba deficient 2, os03g0810800, short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase1, glucose insensitive 1,
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short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase1
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ABA2
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SDR1
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xanthoxin + NAD+ = abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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xanthoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Requires a molybdenum cofactor for activity. NADP+ cannot replace NAD+ and short-chain alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and cyclohexanol cannot replace xanthoxin as substrate [3]. Involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway in plants, along with EC 1.2.3.14 (abscisic-aldehyde oxidase), EC 1.13.11.51 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) and EC 1.14.13.93 [(+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase]. Abscisic acid is a sesquiterpenoid plant hormone that is involved in the control of a wide range of essential physiological processes, including seed development, germination and responses to stress [3].
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
additional information
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different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved abscisic acid biosynthesis
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in abscisic acid synthesis
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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last step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, constitutively expressed, not upregulated in response to osmotic stress
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
multistep conversion
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of abscisic acid
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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neither water stress nor cycloheximide significantly affects the level of enzyme activity
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of abscisic acid
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
additional information
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different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved abscisic acid biosynthesis
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in abscisic acid synthesis
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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last step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, constitutively expressed, not upregulated in response to osmotic stress
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-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
multistep conversion
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-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of abscisic acid
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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neither water stress nor cycloheximide significantly affects the level of enzyme activity
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of abscisic acid
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?
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NAD+
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NAD+
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absolute requirement for
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additional information
2.1fold reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant aba2 with a mutation at the the start of exon 2
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Duchesne
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Duchesne
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UniProt
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UniProt
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gene ABA2
UniProt
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UniProt
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Mii cv. Ailsa Craig, and wilty mutant notabilis
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Mill cv. Ailsa Craig and wilty mutant ntabilis
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brenda
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additional information
homologous AtSDR3 and AtABA2 have different spatial and temporal expression patterns
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additional information
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homologous AtSDR3 and AtABA2 have different spatial and temporal expression patterns
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additional information
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no significant activity is observed in chloroplast
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malfunction
the aba2 mutant displays less seed dormancy, glucose insensitivity, small plat size, early flowering, and wiltness, no complementation by expression of AtSDR3, enotype, overview
physiological function
expression of Oryza sativa ABA2 in an Arabidopsis Aba2 mutant rescues the Aba2 mutant phenotypes, characterized by reduced growth, increased water loss, and germination in the presence of paclobutrazol
physiological function
the so-called wilty mutation affects the xanthoxin dehydrogenase step in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Functional abscisic acid biosynthesis is critical for normal stomatal responses to changes in humidity in angiosperms,with wilty mutant plants having no increase in foliar abscisic acid levels in response to a doubling in vapour pressure deficit, and no closure of stomata
additional information
comparative expression analysis of three AtSDR genes and their amino acid sequence alignment, overview
additional information
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comparative expression analysis of three AtSDR genes and their amino acid sequence alignment, overview
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ABA2_ARATH
285
0
30272
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A5B7BBE9_DAVIN
281
0
29781
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A5B6ZR82_DAVIN
321
1
34203
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1 )
A0A5B6ZWB7_DAVIN
318
0
33952
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A0B2PYS6_GLYSO
201
0
21374
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A481UIZ2_9BACT
107
0
12226
TrEMBL
-
A0A0B2PWJ5_GLYSO
280
0
29362
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A0B2Q126_GLYSO
280
0
29337
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A2P6S6M7_ROSCH
313
0
33097
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2 )
A0A0B2RLT8_GLYSO
305
0
32202
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 4 )
A0A2G9H2G1_9LAMI
300
0
31594
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
G7KV46_MEDTR
302
0
32111
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A151SNU2_CAJCA
147
0
15602
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B6ZS21_DAVIN
216
0
22898
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B7CAU8_DAVIN
280
0
29913
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4 )
A0A0B2R957_GLYSO
186
0
19753
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A2I0ARA2_9ASPA
277
0
30202
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A2G9I995_9LAMI
300
0
31564
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A2P6R8J1_ROSCH
306
0
32530
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A5B7CBA5_DAVIN
280
0
29747
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A5B7A2K9_DAVIN
305
0
32343
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3 )
A0A2I0A7K5_9ASPA
273
0
27368
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A0B2RLH9_GLYSO
306
0
32852
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
B8KQF2_9GAMM
279
0
28282
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B6ZZA2_DAVIN
305
0
32303
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3 )
A0A5B7BBB5_DAVIN
301
0
32156
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B7BPY8_DAVIN
283
0
29961
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4 )
A0A0B2QI68_GLYSO
83
0
9174
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A5B6ZX52_DAVIN
271
0
28776
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B7BX12_DAVIN
298
0
31645
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4 )
A0A5B7C6Z0_DAVIN
100
0
10443
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A0B2PXX7_GLYSO
229
0
23976
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A2H4X2U9_CAMSI
277
0
29304
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A151TXE8_CAJCA
167
0
17293
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A5B6ZSM7_DAVIN
232
0
24412
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B6ZV02_DAVIN
231
0
24474
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A2G9I392_9LAMI
309
0
32490
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A0B2Q2W5_GLYSO
264
0
27826
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
G7JTV8_MEDTR
285
0
30013
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B6YTA5_DAVIN
128
0
14455
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A5B7BS87_DAVIN
294
0
31150
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A0B2SJQ7_GLYSO
83
0
9017
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A5B6ZVA1_DAVIN
261
0
27643
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
Q2HUL4_MEDTR
301
0
31778
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1 )
A0A2P6S8L1_ROSCH
274
0
29194
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4 )
A0A5B6ZUV5_DAVIN
177
0
18889
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A2I0APR7_9ASPA
153
0
15452
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4 )
A0A2I0BHM0_9ASPA
279
0
29686
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A2G9HQB2_9LAMI
296
0
31164
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A396IZB8_MEDTR
135
1
14716
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A5B6ZTR3_DAVIN
270
0
28773
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B7BSY4_DAVIN
276
1
30325
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A0B2NUR2_GLYSO
301
0
31787
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1 )
A0A0K1H1P6_PEA
277
0
29177
TrEMBL
-
Q7XZH5_ORYSJ
281
0
29602
TrEMBL
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SDR2A_ARATH
303
0
32151
Swiss-Prot
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additional information
generation of aba2 mutants. The pABA2::SDR3 transgene fails to complement the aba2 mutant phenotype, and transgenic plants show the same levels of ABA as the aba2 mutants, phenotype, overview
additional information
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generation of aba2 mutants. The pABA2::SDR3 transgene fails to complement the aba2 mutant phenotype, and transgenic plants show the same levels of ABA as the aba2 mutants, phenotype, overview
additional information
the so-called wilty mutation affects the xanthoxin dehydrogenase step in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Functional abscisic acid biosynthesis is critical for normal stomatal responses to changes in humidity in angiosperms,with wilty mutant plants having no increase in foliar abscisic acid levels in response to a doubling in vapour pressure deficit, and no closure of stomata
additional information
-
the so-called wilty mutation affects the xanthoxin dehydrogenase step in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Functional abscisic acid biosynthesis is critical for normal stomatal responses to changes in humidity in angiosperms,with wilty mutant plants having no increase in foliar abscisic acid levels in response to a doubling in vapour pressure deficit, and no closure of stomata
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expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Pichia pastoris
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gene ABA2, encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase1 (SDR1) that catalyzes the multistep conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic aldehyde during abscisic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thalian, genotyping
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the transcript level does not change in response to treatment with abscisic acid or dehydration
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Taylor, I.B.; Burbidge, A.; Thompson, A.J.
Control of abscisic acid synthesis
J. Exp. Bot.
51
1563-1574
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana
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Gonzalez-Guzman, M.; Apostolova, N.; Belles, J.M.; Barrero, J.M.; Piqueras, P.; Ponce, M.R.; Micol, J.L.; Serrano, R.; Rodriguez, P.L.
The short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase ABA2 catalyzes the conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic aldehyde
Plant Cell
14
1833-1846
2002
Arabidopsis thaliana
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Cheng, W.H.; Endo, A.; Zhou, L.; Penney, J.; Chen, H.C.; Arroyo, A.; Leon, P.; Nambara, E.; Asami, T.; Seo, M.; Koshiba, T.; Sheen, J.
A unique short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase in Arabidopsis glucose signaling and abscisic acid biosynthesis and functions
Plant Cell
14
2723-2743
2002
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Schwartz, S.H.; Leon-Kloosterziel, K.M.; Koornneef, M.; Zeevaart, J.A.
Biochemical characterization of the aba2 and aba3 mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Physiol.
114
161-166
1997
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Sindhu, R.K.; Walton, D.C.
Conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic acid by cell-free preparations from bean leaves
Plant Physiol.
85
916-921
1987
Cucurbita maxima, Vigna radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Zea mays, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
brenda
Sindhu, R.K.; Walton, D.C.
Xanthoxin metabolism in cell-free preparations from wild-type and wilty mutants of tomato
Plant Physiol.
88
178-182
1988
Solanum lycopersicum, Phaseolus vulgaris
brenda
Parry, A.D.; Neill, S.J.; Horgan, R.
Xanthoxin levels and metabolism in the wild-type and wilty mutants of tomato
Planta
173
397-404
1988
Solanum lycopersicum
brenda
Cheng, W.H.; Chiang, M.H.; Hwang, S.G.; Lin, P.C.
Antagonism between abscisic acid and ethylene in Arabidopsis acts in parallel with the reciprocal regulation of their metabolism and signaling pathways
Plant Mol. Biol.
71
61-80
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9C826)
brenda
Hwang, S.G.; Lin, N.C.; Hsiao, Y.Y.; Kuo, C.H.; Chang, P.F.; Deng, W.L.; Chiang, M.H.; Shen, H.L.; Chen, C.Y.; Cheng, W.H.
The Arabidopsis short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3, an abscisic acid deficient 2 homolog, is involved in plant defense responses but not in ABA biosynthesis
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
51
63-73
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SCU0), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
McAdam, S.A.; Sussmilch, F.C.; Brodribb, T.J.; Ross, J.J.
Molecular characterization of a mutation affecting abscisic acid biosynthesis and consequently stomatal responses to humidity in an agriculturally important species
AoB PLANTS
7
plv091
2015
Pisum sativum (A0A0K1H1P6), Pisum sativum
brenda
Endo, A.; Nelson, K.M.; Thoms, K.; Abrams, S.R.; Nambara, E.; Sato, Y.
Functional characterization of xanthoxin dehydrogenase in rice
J. Plant Physiol.
171
1231-1240
2014
Oryza sativa (Q7XZH5), Oryza sativa
brenda
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1.1.1.288 xanthoxin dehydrogenase
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