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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.1.1.288 - xanthoxin dehydrogenase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.1.1.288
Word Map on EC 1.1.1.288
- 1.1.1.288
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abscisic
- tomato
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stomatal
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flacca
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aba-deficient
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transpiration
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rheinlands
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dormancy
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sitiens
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notabilis
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9-cis-epoxycarotenoid
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viviparous
- moco
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turgid
- plumbaginifolia
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.1.1.288
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
xanthoxin dehydrogenase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
xanthoxin + NAD+ = abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
xanthoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Requires a molybdenum cofactor for activity. NADP+ cannot replace NAD+ and short-chain alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and cyclohexanol cannot replace xanthoxin as substrate [3]. Involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway in plants, along with EC 1.2.3.14 (abscisic-aldehyde oxidase), EC 1.13.11.51 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) and EC 1.14.13.93 [(+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase]. Abscisic acid is a sesquiterpenoid plant hormone that is involved in the control of a wide range of essential physiological processes, including seed development, germination and responses to stress [3].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
129204-37-1
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
the aba2 mutant displays less seed dormancy, glucose insensitivity, small plat size, early flowering, and wiltness, no complementation by expression of AtSDR3, enotype, overview
physiological function
additional information
physiological function
the so-called wilty mutation affects the xanthoxin dehydrogenase step in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Functional abscisic acid biosynthesis is critical for normal stomatal responses to changes in humidity in angiosperms,with wilty mutant plants having no increase in foliar abscisic acid levels in response to a doubling in vapour pressure deficit, and no closure of stomata
physiological function
expression of Oryza sativa ABA2 in an Arabidopsis Aba2 mutant rescues the Aba2 mutant phenotypes, characterized by reduced growth, increased water loss, and germination in the presence of paclobutrazol
additional information
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comparative expression analysis of three AtSDR genes and their amino acid sequence alignment, overview
additional information
comparative expression analysis of three AtSDR genes and their amino acid sequence alignment, overview
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
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different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
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-
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xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved abscisic acid biosynthesis
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-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in abscisic acid synthesis
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-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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last step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, constitutively expressed, not upregulated in response to osmotic stress
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-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
multistep conversion
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-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of abscisic acid
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-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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neither water stress nor cycloheximide significantly affects the level of enzyme activity
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-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
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enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of abscisic acid
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
Q9C826
different mutants: mutations in genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and a mutation at the start of exon 2
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-
-
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
-
enzyme is involved abscisic acid biosynthesis
-
-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
-
enzyme is involved in abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
-
last step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, constitutively expressed, not upregulated in response to osmotic stress
-
-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
Q9SCU0
multistep conversion
-
-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
-
enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of abscisic acid
-
-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
-
neither water stress nor cycloheximide significantly affects the level of enzyme activity
-
-
?
xanthoxin + NAD+
abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
-
enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of abscisic acid
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
2.1fold reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant aba2 with a mutation at the the start of exon 2
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
additional information
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homologous AtSDR3 and AtABA2 have different spatial and temporal expression patterns
additional information
homologous AtSDR3 and AtABA2 have different spatial and temporal expression patterns
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
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no significant activity is observed in chloroplast
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene ABA2, encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase1 (SDR1) that catalyzes the multistep conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic aldehyde during abscisic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thalian, genotyping
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the transcript level does not change in response to treatment with abscisic acid or dehydration
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
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generation of aba2 mutants. The pABA2::SDR3 transgene fails to complement the aba2 mutant phenotype, and transgenic plants show the same levels of ABA as the aba2 mutants, phenotype, overview
additional information
generation of aba2 mutants. The pABA2::SDR3 transgene fails to complement the aba2 mutant phenotype, and transgenic plants show the same levels of ABA as the aba2 mutants, phenotype, overview
additional information
the so-called wilty mutation affects the xanthoxin dehydrogenase step in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Functional abscisic acid biosynthesis is critical for normal stomatal responses to changes in humidity in angiosperms,with wilty mutant plants having no increase in foliar abscisic acid levels in response to a doubling in vapour pressure deficit, and no closure of stomata
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.1.1.288)
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