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codeine + NADP+
codeinone + NADPH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
codeinone + NADPH + H+
codeine + NADP+
Dihydrocodeine + NADP+
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
morphine + NADP+
morphinone + NADPH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
Morphinone + NADPH
Morphine + NADP+
morphinone + NADPH + H+
morphine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
neomorphinone + NADPH + H+
neomorphine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
ir
neopinone + NADPH + H+
neopine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
ir
additional information
?
-
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: r
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: r
Products: (-)codeine
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: (-)codeinone
Products: (-)codeine
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: no reaction with NADH and NAD+
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: no reaction with NADH and NAD+
Products: (-)codeine
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: neopinone, which is formed most likely by demethylation of the vinylether of thebaine exists in the plant cell in a thermodynamic equilibrium with codeinone. The presence of the codeinone reductase/NADPH system shifts this equilibrium quantitatively in the direction of codeine, which either accumulates in the latex of the poppy plant or is further demethylated at the 3-OCH3 group yielding morphine
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of codeine
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: important regulating function in morphine biosynthesis
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: penultimate step in morphine biosynthesis
Products: -
r
codeinone + NADPH + H+
codeine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
codeinone + NADPH + H+
codeine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
Hydrocodone + NADPH
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
Hydrocodone + NADPH
?
-
Substrates: 110% of the reaction with codeinone
Products: -
?
Hydromorphone + NADPH
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
Hydromorphone + NADPH
?
-
Substrates: 90% of the reaction with codeinone
Products: -
?
Morphinone + NADPH
Morphine + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
Morphinone + NADPH
Morphine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
Morphinone + NADPH
Morphine + NADP+
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of morphine
Products: -
?
Naloxone + NADPH
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
Naloxone + NADPH
?
-
Substrates: 80% of the reaction with codeinone
Products: -
?
Naltrexone + NADPH
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
Naltrexone + NADPH
?
-
Substrates: 30% of the reaction with codeinone
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of morphinan alkaloids, transcriptional regulation, overview
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of morphine and the related antimicrobial alkaloid sanguinarine
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of morphinan alkaloids, overview
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme also catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of morphinone to morphine, reaction of EC 1.1.1.218. but codeine can also be directly converted into morphine, overview
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of morphinone to morphine, reaction of EC 1.1.1.218. but codeine can also be directly converted into morphine, overview
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively
Products: -
-
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codeine + NADP+
codeinone + NADPH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
codeinone + NADPH + H+
codeine + NADP+
morphine + NADP+
morphinone + NADPH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
Morphinone + NADPH
Morphine + NADP+
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of morphine
Products: -
?
morphinone + NADPH + H+
morphine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
neomorphinone + NADPH + H+
neomorphine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
ir
neopinone + NADPH + H+
neopine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
ir
additional information
?
-
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: neopinone, which is formed most likely by demethylation of the vinylether of thebaine exists in the plant cell in a thermodynamic equilibrium with codeinone. The presence of the codeinone reductase/NADPH system shifts this equilibrium quantitatively in the direction of codeine, which either accumulates in the latex of the poppy plant or is further demethylated at the 3-OCH3 group yielding morphine
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of codeine
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: important regulating function in morphine biosynthesis
Products: -
?
Codeinone + NADPH
Codeine + NADP+
-
Substrates: penultimate step in morphine biosynthesis
Products: -
r
codeinone + NADPH + H+
codeine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
codeinone + NADPH + H+
codeine + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of morphinan alkaloids, transcriptional regulation, overview
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of morphine and the related antimicrobial alkaloid sanguinarine
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of morphinan alkaloids, overview
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme also catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of morphinone to morphine, reaction of EC 1.1.1.218. but codeine can also be directly converted into morphine, overview
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of morphinone to morphine, reaction of EC 1.1.1.218. but codeine can also be directly converted into morphine, overview
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: codeinone and morphinone are spontaneously converted to neopinone and neomorphinone, respectively. Latex protein extracts assayed for COR activity show the highest turnover of codeinone and morphinone to codeine and morphine, respectively. Codeine and morphine are also converted at reduced levels, whereas no conversion of either neopine or neomorphine is detected
Products: -
-
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evolution
deduction and calculation of sequences of codeinone reductase isoforms COR1.1, COR1.2, COR1.3, COR1.4, and COR-B, overview. In 3-h assays using codeine and NADP+ as substrates, isozyme COR-B yields the most neopine, followed by COR1.4, COR1.2, COR1.1, and COR1.3. The four residues (V25, K41, F129 and W279) responsible for the differential function of COR-B, compared with COR1.1-1.4, are predominant among COR isoforms in various opium poppy chemotypes
physiological function
codeinone reductase (COR) catalyzes the reversible NADPH-dependent reduction of codeinone to codeine as the penultimate step of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). It also irreversibly reduces neopinone, which forms by spontaneous isomerization in aqueous solution from codeinone, to neopine. In a parallel pathway involving 3-O-demethylated analogs, COR converts morphinone to morphine, and neomorphinone to neomorphine
metabolism
codeinone reductase (COR) catalyzes the reversible NADPH-dependent reduction of codeinone to codeine as the penultimate step of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). In a parallel pathway involving 3-O-demethylated analogs, COR converts morphinone to morphine, and neomorphinone to neomorphine. Similar to neopine, the formation of neomorphine by COR is irreversible
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the downstream metabolization of thebaine, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids pathway, overview. In the roots both genes COR and CODM, downstream of thebaine in the alkaloid pathway, are downregulated in tetraploids. The gene expression levels of COR in tetraploids are not remarkably changed compared to diploid plants. Via methyljasmonate treatment, gene expression of genes upstream of thebaine is upregulated while the genes downstream of thebaine are partly downregulated in tetraploids
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template
additional information
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COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template. Structure-function relationships of isozymes COR1.3 and COR-B, comparisons, overview
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template. Structure-function relationships of isozymes COR1.3 and COR-B, comparisons, overview
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template. Structure-function relationships of isozymes COR1.3 and COR-B, comparisons, overview
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template. Structure-function relationships of isozymes COR1.3 and COR-B, comparisons, overview
additional information
COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template. Structure-function relationships of isozymes COR1.3 and COR-B, comparisons, overview
additional information
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COR structure homology modeling using chain A of the crystal structure of CHR complexed with NADPH (PDB ID 1ZGD) as a template. Structure-function relationships of isozymes COR1.3 and COR-B, comparisons, overview
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A25V
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows a marginal increase in neopine formation compared to wild-type
A25V/E111D/T145S/S165C
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows a reduction in neopine formation compared to wild-type
E111D/T145S/S165C
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows a reduction in neopine formation compared to wild-type
F129L
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant of COR-B shows unaltered neopine formation compared to wild-type
K41N
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant of COR-B shows unaltered neopine formation compared to wild-type
L129F
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows a higher neopine yield compared to wild-type
N41K
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows a higher neopine yield compared to wild-type
S279W
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows a higher neopine yield compared to wild-type
V25A
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant of COR-B shows 2fold reduced neopine formation compared to wild-type
W279S
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant of COR-B shows 8fold reduced neopine formation compared to wild-type
additional information
the in vitro tetraploidy induction through methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation causes a significantly increased expression of norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) and salutaridinol (SAT), and a significantly decreased expression of berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) in the leaves. In the root tissues, the BBE, NCS, and SAT show an increased expression in tetraploid plants, while codeinone reductase (COR) shows a decreased expression. A similar alteration pattern is found in mixoploid plants when compared to their diploid counterparts. MeJA at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM causes a remarkable increase in the thebaine content in the roots of treated plants, where the highest thebaine content is identified in plants elicited with 0.5 mM MeJA. Elicitation treatment causes a substantial increase in the expression of NCS and SAT in the leaves, while it has no major effect on BBE, codeine 3-O-demethylase (CODM) and COR. Expression analysis in the roots shows that MeJA causes a significant increase in the expression of only BBE and NCS, while expression of other studied genes remains unchanged
additional information
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the in vitro tetraploidy induction through methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation causes a significantly increased expression of norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) and salutaridinol (SAT), and a significantly decreased expression of berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) in the leaves. In the root tissues, the BBE, NCS, and SAT show an increased expression in tetraploid plants, while codeinone reductase (COR) shows a decreased expression. A similar alteration pattern is found in mixoploid plants when compared to their diploid counterparts. MeJA at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM causes a remarkable increase in the thebaine content in the roots of treated plants, where the highest thebaine content is identified in plants elicited with 0.5 mM MeJA. Elicitation treatment causes a substantial increase in the expression of NCS and SAT in the leaves, while it has no major effect on BBE, codeine 3-O-demethylase (CODM) and COR. Expression analysis in the roots shows that MeJA causes a significant increase in the expression of only BBE and NCS, while expression of other studied genes remains unchanged
additional information
transgenic codeinone reductase overexpressing Papaver somniferum plants show 75% increase in thebaine besides 58% and 22% increases in codeine and morphine, respectively, compared to the wild-type plants in the field trail
additional information
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transgenic codeinone reductase overexpressing Papaver somniferum plants show 75% increase in thebaine besides 58% and 22% increases in codeine and morphine, respectively, compared to the wild-type plants in the field trail
additional information
combinations and permutations of the three substitutions N41K, L129F and S279W do not produce a synergistic effect
additional information
combinations and permutations of the three substitutions N41K, L129F and S279W do not produce a synergistic effect
additional information
combinations and permutations of the three substitutions N41K, L129F and S279W do not produce a synergistic effect
additional information
combinations and permutations of the three substitutions N41K, L129F and S279W do not produce a synergistic effect
additional information
combinations and permutations of the three substitutions N41K, L129F and S279W do not produce a synergistic effect
additional information
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combinations and permutations of the three substitutions N41K, L129F and S279W do not produce a synergistic effect
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR-B with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine, the strain expressing T6ODM and COR-B accumulates approximately 2fold more codeine and 10fold more neopine compared to wild-type
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR-B with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine, the strain expressing T6ODM and COR-B accumulates approximately 2fold more codeine and 10fold more neopine compared to wild-type
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR-B with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine, the strain expressing T6ODM and COR-B accumulates approximately 2fold more codeine and 10fold more neopine compared to wild-type
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR-B with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine, the strain expressing T6ODM and COR-B accumulates approximately 2fold more codeine and 10fold more neopine compared to wild-type
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR-B with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine, the strain expressing T6ODM and COR-B accumulates approximately 2fold more codeine and 10fold more neopine compared to wild-type
additional information
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recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR-B with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine, the strain expressing T6ODM and COR-B accumulates approximately 2fold more codeine and 10fold more neopine compared to wild-type
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR1.3 with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine. In the recombinant strain, codeine and neopine accumulate to similar levels
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR1.3 with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine. In the recombinant strain, codeine and neopine accumulate to similar levels
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR1.3 with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine. In the recombinant strain, codeine and neopine accumulate to similar levels
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR1.3 with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine. In the recombinant strain, codeine and neopine accumulate to similar levels
additional information
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR1.3 with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine. In the recombinant strain, codeine and neopine accumulate to similar levels
additional information
-
recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR1.3 with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine. In the recombinant strain, codeine and neopine accumulate to similar levels
additional information
the COR1.4 single-substitution mutant A (A25V) results in a marginal increase in neopine formation, whereas the triple C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), and the quadruple A (A25V), C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), mutants result in higher reductions in neopine levels
additional information
the COR1.4 single-substitution mutant A (A25V) results in a marginal increase in neopine formation, whereas the triple C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), and the quadruple A (A25V), C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), mutants result in higher reductions in neopine levels
additional information
the COR1.4 single-substitution mutant A (A25V) results in a marginal increase in neopine formation, whereas the triple C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), and the quadruple A (A25V), C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), mutants result in higher reductions in neopine levels
additional information
the COR1.4 single-substitution mutant A (A25V) results in a marginal increase in neopine formation, whereas the triple C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), and the quadruple A (A25V), C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), mutants result in higher reductions in neopine levels
additional information
the COR1.4 single-substitution mutant A (A25V) results in a marginal increase in neopine formation, whereas the triple C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), and the quadruple A (A25V), C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), mutants result in higher reductions in neopine levels
additional information
-
the COR1.4 single-substitution mutant A (A25V) results in a marginal increase in neopine formation, whereas the triple C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), and the quadruple A (A25V), C (E111D), E (T145S) and F (S165C), mutants result in higher reductions in neopine levels
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expressed in Escherichia coli
factors involved in transcriptional regulation, overview
gene codR, expression in Papaver bracteatum in cultured hairy roots, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha. The T-DNA of the vector contains a neomycin phosphoteransferase gene and CodR cDNA with CaMV35S promoter and nos terminator
isozyme COR-B, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison with codeinone reductase isoforms COR1.2, COR1.3, COR1.4, and COR1.1, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis, recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR-B with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine
isozyme COR1.1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison with codeinone reductase isoforms COR1.2, COR1.3, COR1.4, and COR-B, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
isozyme COR1.2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison with codeinone reductase isoforms COR1.1, COR1.3, COR1.4, and COR-B, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis. Isozyme COR1.2 exhibits lower expression levels compared to the other isozymes
isozyme COR1.3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison with codeinone reductase isoforms COR1.2, COR1.1, COR1.4, and COR-B, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis, recombinant coexpression of isozyme COR1.3 with thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK fed with thebaine
isozyme COR1.4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison with codeinone reductase isoforms COR1.2, COR1.3, COR1.1, and COR-B, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
overexpression of the enzyme in transgenic Papaver somnniferum plants leading to increased enzyme content and capsule alkaloid, morphine and total alkaloid, content without significant alterations of the alkaloid profile, overview
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quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, the gene expression levels of COR in tetraploids are not remarkably changed compared to diploid plants. In the roots both genes COR and CODM, downstream of thebaine in the alkaloid pathway, are downregulated in tetraploids
factors involved in transcriptional regulation, overview
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factors involved in transcriptional regulation, overview
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Lenz, R.; Zenk, M.H.
Purification and properties of codeinone reductase (NADPH) from Papaver somniferum cell cultures and differentiated plants
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Papaver somniferum
brenda
Gollwitzer, J.; Lenz, R.; Hampp, N.; Zenk, M.H.
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Papaver somniferum
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Papaver somniferum
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Plant Cell
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Papaver somniferum
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Weid, M.; Ziegler, J.; Kutchan, T.M.
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Papaver somniferum
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Alcantara, J.; Bird, D.A.; Franceschi, V.R.; Facchini, P.J.
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Papaver somniferum (Q9SQ70), Papaver somniferum
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Samanani, N.; Alcantara, J.; Bourgault, R.; Zulak, K.G.; Facchini, P.J.
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Papaver somniferum
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Ziegler, J.; Voigtlaender, S.; Schmidt, J.; Kramell, R.; Miersch, O.; Ammer, C.; Gesell, A.; Kutchan, T.M.
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Papaver somniferum
brenda
Larkin, P.J.; Miller, J.A.; Allen, R.S.; Chitty, J.A.; Gerlach, W.L.; Frick, S.; Kutchan, T.M.; Fist, A.J.
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Papaver somniferum
brenda
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Eschscholzia californica, Papaver somniferum
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Sharafi, A.; Sohi, H.H.; Mousavi, A.; Azadi, P.; Khalifani, B.H.; Razavi, K.
Metabolic engineering of morphinan alkaloids by over-expression of codeinone reductase in transgenic hairy roots of Papaver bracteatum, the Iranian poppy
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2013
Papaver somniferum (Q9SQ67), Papaver somniferum
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Rezaei, M.; Naghavi, M.; Hoseinzade, A.; Abbasi, A.
Developmental accumulation of thebaine and some gene transcripts in different organs of Papaver bracteatum
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Papaver bracteatum
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Alagz, Y.; Grkk, T.; Parmaksiz, I.; nver, T.
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2016
Papaver pseudo-orientale (A0A0H4BJ99)
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Dastmalchi, M.; Chang, L.; Torres, M.; Ng, K.; Facchini, P.
Codeinone reductase isoforms with differential stability, efficiency and product selectivity in opium poppy
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2018
Papaver somniferum (A0A4P2SMY1), Papaver somniferum (Q9SQ67), Papaver somniferum (Q9SQ68), Papaver somniferum (Q9SQ69), Papaver somniferum (Q9SQ70), Papaver somniferum
brenda
Tarkesh Esfahani, S.; Karimzadeh, G.; Naghavi, M.R.; Vrieling, K.
Altered gene expression and root thebaine production in polyploidized and methyl jasmonate-elicited Papaver bracteatum Lindl.
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
158
334-341
2021
Papaver bracteatum (A0A0H4BD81), Papaver bracteatum
brenda