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2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
5-bromoisatin + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
8-bromobornanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
alloxan + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
beta-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
dihydro-4,4-diethyl-2,3-furanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
dihydro-4-methyl-4-propyl-2,3-furanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
dihydro-5-(2-butyl)-4-methyl-4-ethyl-2,3-furanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
dihydro-5-(2-pentyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,3-furanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
dihydro-5-(2-pentyl)-4-methyl-4-propyl-2,3-furanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
dihydro-5-(3-pentyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,3-furanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
dihydro-5-isopropyl-4,4-dimethyl-2,3-furanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ethyl 2-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+
ethyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
ethyl oxo(phenyl)acetate + NADPH + H+
ethyl (2R)-hydroxy(phenyl)acetate + NADP+
ketopantoyl lactone + NADPH
?
ketopantoyl lactone + NADPH
D-(-)-pantoyl lactone
-
and its derivatives
-
?
methyl 2-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+
methyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
0.501% activity compared to 2-dehydropantolactone
-
-
?
methyl oxo(phenyl)acetate + NADPH + H+
methyl (2R)-hydroxy(phenyl)acetate + NADP+
3.94% activity compared to 2-dehydropantolactone
-
-
?
ninhydrin + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
oxopantoyl lactone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
pyridine 3-aldehyde + NADPH + H+
(pyridin-3-yl)methanol + NADP+
0.538% activity compared to 2-dehydropantolactone
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
1-methylisatin + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
1-methylisatin + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
100% activity, 99% conversion and more than 99% enantiomeric excess within 5 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
100% activity, 99% conversion and more than 99% enantiomeric excess within 5 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
5-methylisatin + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylisatin + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
bornanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
bornanedione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
camphorquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
camphorquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
camphorquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ethyl 2-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+
ethyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
0.496% activity compared to 2-dehydropantolactone
-
-
?
ethyl 2-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+
ethyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
0.496% activity compared to 2-dehydropantolactone
-
-
?
ethyl oxo(phenyl)acetate + NADPH + H+
ethyl (2R)-hydroxy(phenyl)acetate + NADP+
3.45% activity compared to 2-dehydropantolactone
-
-
?
ethyl oxo(phenyl)acetate + NADPH + H+
ethyl (2R)-hydroxy(phenyl)acetate + NADP+
3.45% activity compared to 2-dehydropantolactone
-
-
?
isatin + NADPH
?
-
and its derivatives
-
-
?
isatin + NADPH
?
-
and its derivatives
-
-
?
isatin + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
isatin + NADPH
?
-
and its derivatives
-
-
?
isatin + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ketopantoyl lactone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ketopantoyl lactone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ketopantoyl lactone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not reduce 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme does not reduce 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not reduce 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
carbonyl reductase specifically catalyzing the reduction of conjugated polyketones
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
carbonyl reductase specifically catalyzing the reduction of conjugated polyketones
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
keto-omega-methylpantoyl lactone is the only analog of ketopantoyl lactone tested that is a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
keto-omega-methylpantoyl lactone is the only analog of ketopantoyl lactone tested that is a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
carbonyl reductase specifically catalyzing the reduction of conjugated polyketones
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
not: several other 2-keto acids
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
not: several other 2-keto acids
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
not: ketopantoic acid
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
not: ketopantoic acid
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
not: ketopantoic acid
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
not: ketopantoic acid
-
-
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
not: linear form of oxopantoate
-
-
?
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2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
98% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess within 2 h
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+
(R)-pantolactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
?
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
2-dehydropantoyl lactone + NADPH
(R)-pantoyl lactone + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
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1,2-Cyclopentanedione
-
-
2-keto-4-hydroxybutyrolactone
-
-
2-Oxo-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid-gamma-lactone
-
-
2-Oxo-4-hydroxybutyric acid-gamma-lactone
-
-
2-oxoisopentanoic acid
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione
-
uncompetitive to isatin
Ca2+
94.6% residual activity at 1 mM
Ni2+
88.5% residual activity at 1 mM
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
-
Ag+
complete inhibition at 1 mM
Ag+
complete inhibition at 1 mM
Co2+
75.3% residual activity at 1 mM
Co2+
81.9% residual activity at 1 mM
Cu2+
29.7% residual activity at 1 mM
Cu2+
67.8% residual activity at 1 mM
EDTA
85.7% residual activity at 1 mM
Fe2+
66.8% residual activity at 1 mM
Fe2+
81% residual activity at 1 mM
ketopantoyl lactone
-
competitive to isatin
Mg2+
77.6% residual activity at 1 mM
Mg2+
80.2% residual activity at 1 mM
Mn2+
56.8% residual activity at 1 mM
Mn2+
67.6% residual activity at 1 mM
Pb2+
complete inhibition at 1 mM
Pb2+
complete inhibition at 1 mM
Polyketones
-
cyclohexenediol-1,2,3,4-tetraone; e.g. parabanic acid
-
Polyketones
-
cyclohexenediol-1,2,3,4-tetraone; e.g. parabanic acid
-
quercetin
-
-
Zn2+
10.8% residual activity at 1 mM
Zn2+
71.7% residual activity at 1 mM
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King, H.L.; Wilken, D.R.
Separation and preliminary studies on 2-ketopantoyl lactone and 2-ketopantoic acid reductases of yeast
J. Biol. Chem.
247
4096-4098
1972
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
brenda
Wilken, D.R.; King, H.L.; Dyar, R.E.
Ketopantoic acid and ketopantoyl lactone reductases. Stereospecificity of transfer of hydrogen from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
J. Biol. Chem.
250
2311-2314
1975
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Hata, H.; Shimizu, S.; Hattori, S.; Yamada, H.
Ketopantoyl-lactone reductase is a conjugated polyketone reductase
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
58
87-90
1989
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Hata, H.; Shimizu, S.; Hattori, S.; Yamada, H.
Ketopantoyl-lactone reductase from Candida parapsilosis: purification and characterization as a conjugated polyketone reductase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
990
175-181
1989
Candida parapsilosis
brenda
Wilken, D.R.; Dyar, R.E.
Stereospecificity of pantoyl lactone formed by yeast cells and purified yeast ketopantoyl lactone reductases
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
189
251-255
1978
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Wilken, D.R.; King, H.L.; Dyar, R.E.
Ketopantoyl lactone reductases
Methods Enzymol.
62
209-215
1979
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
King, H.L.; Dyar, R.E.; Wilken, D.R.
Ketopantoyl lactone and ketopantoic acid reductases. Characterization of the reactions and purification of two forms of ketopantoyl lactone reductase
J. Biol. Chem.
249
4689-4695
1974
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Kataoka, M.; Nomura, Y.; Shimizu, S.; Yamada, H.
Enzymes involved in the NADPH regeneration system coupled with asymmetric reduction of carbonyl compounds in microorganisms
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
56
820-821
1992
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis, Mucor ambiguus, Mucor ambiguus AKU 3006
brenda
Julliard, J.H.
Purification and characterization of oxopantoyl lactone reductase from higher plants: role in pantothenate synthesis
Bot. Acta
107
191-200
1994
Spinacia oleracea
-
brenda
Cheng, P.; Wang, J.; Wu, Y.; Jiang, X.; Pei, X.; Su, W.
Recombinant expression and molecular insights into the catalytic mechanism of an NADPH-dependent conjugated polyketone reductase for the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-pantolactone
Enzyme Microb. Technol.
126
77-85
2019
Candida dubliniensis (B9WJQ5), Candida dubliniensis, Candida dubliniensis CD36 (B9WJQ5), Candida dubliniensis CD36
brenda
Wang, J.; Cheng, P.; Wu, Y.; Wang, A.; Liu, F.; Pei, X.
Discovery of a new NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase from Candida orthopsilosis catalyzing the stereospecific synthesis of (R)-pantolactone by genome mining
J. Biotechnol.
291
26-34
2019
Candida orthopsilosis (H8XA83), Candida orthopsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis 90-125 (H8XA83)
brenda