3.1.22.1: deoxyribonuclease II
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about deoxyribonuclease II, go to the full flat file.
Reaction
endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products
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Synonyms
acid deoxyribonuclease, acid DNase, crn-7, deoxyribonuclease II, deoxyribonuclease IIalpha, deoxyribonuclease IIbeta, deoxyribonucleate 3'-nucleotidohydrolase, DNase 2, DNase 2a, DNase II, DNase II homolog, DNase II-1, DNase II-7, DNase IIalpha, DNase IIb, DNase IIbeta, EC 3.1.4.6, L-DNase II, LEI, LEI-derived DNase II, LEI/L-DNase II, leukocyte elastase inhibitor-derived DNase II, leukocyte elastase inhibitor/LEI-derived DNase II, lysosomal DNase II, Nuc-1, NUC-1 apoptotic nuclease, pancreatic DNase II, plancitoxin 1, R31240_2, Sjda, TsDNase II-1, TsDNase II-7
ECTree
General Information
General Information on EC 3.1.22.1 - deoxyribonuclease II
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malfunction
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loss of all three DNase II genes (nuc-1, crn-6 or crn-7) does not affect the activation or progression of cell death. Removal or disruption of NUC-1 secretion signal eliminates NUC-1's ability to mediate DNA degradation across its expression border
malfunction
loss of CRN-7 leads to up-regulation of antimicrobial genes
malfunction
loss of NUC-1 leads to up-regulation of antimicrobial genes
malfunction
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loss of all three DNase II genes (nuc-1, crn-6 or crn-7) does not affect the activation or progression of cell death. Removal or disruption of NUC-1 secretion signal eliminates NUC-1's ability to mediate DNA degradation across its expression border
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physiological function
DNase II gene shows relatively low genetic diversity with regard to the non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting that the enzyme has been well conserved
physiological function
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three DNase II genes: nuc-1 plays a major role, crn-6 plays an auxiliary role, and crn-7 plays a negligible role in resolving 3' OH DNA breaks generated in apoptotic cells. NUC-1 constitutes the major DNase II activity and CRN-6 provides the minor DNase II activity in the organism. Nuc-1, crn-6 and crn-7 affect apoptotic DNA degradation but do not affect the activation or the kinetics of apoptosis. The crn-6 gene but not crn-7 can partially substitute for nuc-1 in mediating apoptotic DNA degradation and both fail to replace nuc-1 in degrading bacterial DNA in intestine. Despite of their restricted and largely non-overlapping expression patterns, both CRN-6 and NUC-1 can mediate apoptotic DNA degradation in many cells, suggesting that they are likely secreted nucleases that are retaken up by other cells to exert DNA degradation functions. NUC-1, but not CRN-6 or CRN-7, mediates degradation of chromosome DNA in ventral cord apoptotic cells and bacterial DNA in intestine. Neither CRN-6 nor CRN-7 can substitute for NUC-1 in digesting bacterial DNA in intestine. Nuc-1 can still promote apoptotic DNA degradation in both embryos and larvae when its expression is restricted to intestine cells. NUC-1 expressed in the head can mediate apoptotic DNA degradation in the posterior ventral cord
physiological function
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fundamental role in the degradation of DNA from both apoptotic cells, and nuclei extruded from red blood cells during erythropoiesis; mice lacking DNase II die late in embryogenesis
physiological function
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main DNase of the stratum corneum
physiological function
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main DNase of the stratum corneum
physiological function
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upon cleavage by its cognate protease, leukocyte elastase inhibitor LEI is transformed into L-DNase II, a protein with a pro-apoptotic activity. LEI/L-DNase II can interact with BCL-2 and BAX in apoptotic and non-apoptotic conditions. These proteins both inhibit the L-DNase II pro-apoptotic activity
physiological function
deoxyribonuclease II has a major role in cellular DNA degradation
physiological function
key role of DNase II in DNA sensing by the DNA sensor Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). DNase II is required for TLR9 activation by bacterial genomic DNA. TLR9 responds to DNA fragments generated by DNase II
physiological function
NUC-1 is the major DNase II for degrading apoptotic DNA
physiological function
the enzyme induces early humoral immune responses in infected mice. It may play an important role in the host-parasite interaction
physiological function
the enzyme plays a role in degrading apoptotic DNA in distinct sites of the gonad, and acts as negative regulators of innate immunity
physiological function
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three DNase II genes: nuc-1 plays a major role, crn-6 plays an auxiliary role, and crn-7 plays a negligible role in resolving 3' OH DNA breaks generated in apoptotic cells. NUC-1 constitutes the major DNase II activity and CRN-6 provides the minor DNase II activity in the organism. Nuc-1, crn-6 and crn-7 affect apoptotic DNA degradation but do not affect the activation or the kinetics of apoptosis. The crn-6 gene but not crn-7 can partially substitute for nuc-1 in mediating apoptotic DNA degradation and both fail to replace nuc-1 in degrading bacterial DNA in intestine. Despite of their restricted and largely non-overlapping expression patterns, both CRN-6 and NUC-1 can mediate apoptotic DNA degradation in many cells, suggesting that they are likely secreted nucleases that are retaken up by other cells to exert DNA degradation functions. NUC-1, but not CRN-6 or CRN-7, mediates degradation of chromosome DNA in ventral cord apoptotic cells and bacterial DNA in intestine. Neither CRN-6 nor CRN-7 can substitute for NUC-1 in digesting bacterial DNA in intestine. Nuc-1 can still promote apoptotic DNA degradation in both embryos and larvae when its expression is restricted to intestine cells. NUC-1 expressed in the head can mediate apoptotic DNA degradation in the posterior ventral cord
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