1.3.99.31: phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)
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For detailed information about phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming), go to the full flat file.
Reaction
Synonyms
CarB, CrtI, crtI-type phytoene desaturase, lycopene synthase, PDS, PGT, PGTG_19044, phytoene desaturase, Rru_A0493
ECTree
1.3.99.31 phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)Advanced search results
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Engineering on EC 1.3.99.31 - phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)
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PROTEIN VARIANTS 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
L153P/L278P
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increased formation of neurosporene compared to wild-type enzyme. The ratio of lycopene to neurosporene of the wild-type enzyme under assay conditions is 88:12 after complementation of CrtI in pUC8(DH5a/pACCrtEBEU/pUCCrtIRg), the ratio of the mutant enzyme is 12:88
L208F
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increased formation of lycopene compared to wild-type enzyme. The ratio of lycopene to neurosporene of the wild-type enzyme under assay conditions is 26:74 after complementation of CrtI in pPEU(DH5a/pACCrtEBEU/pPEUCrtIRg), the ratio of the mutant enzyme is 89:11
L208P
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increased formation of neurosporene compared to wild-type enzyme. The ratio of lycopene to neurosporene of the wild-type enzyme under assay conditions is 88:12 after complementation of CrtI in pUC8(DH5a/pACCrtEBEU/pUCCrtIRg), the ratio of the mutant enzyme is 3:97
T256M/D355GL424P
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increased formation of neurosporene compared to wild-type enzyme. The ratio of lycopene to neurosporene of the wild-type enzyme under assay conditions is 88:12 after complementation of CrtI in pUC8(DH5a/pACCrtEBEU/pUCCrtIRg), the ratio of the mutant enzyme is 0:100
Y44C/D53G/P134L/V395A
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increased formation of neurosporene compared to wild-type enzyme. The ratio of lycopene to neurosporene of the wild-type enzyme under assay conditions is 88:12 after complementation of CrtI in pUC8(DH5a/pACCrtEBEU/pUCCrtIRg), the ratio of the mutant enzyme is 3:97
additional information
additional information
competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
additional information
lycopene biosynthesis is confirmed when the plasmid pCcrtI is cotransformed into Escherichia coli containing the plasmid pRScrtEB carrying the crtE and crtB genes required for lycopene biosynthesis
additional information
competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
additional information
competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
additional information
transformation of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Arka Ahuti with phytoene desaturase (CrtI) and lycopene beta-cyclase (CrtY) genes increases carotenoid content and antioxidant potential. coexpression of genes CrtI and CrtY, the latter encoding lycopene beta-cyclase, in transgenic tomato fruits, the method used is agroinjection of tomato fruits, a method of directly injecting Agrobacterium containing transgenes into fruits. The lycopene and beta-carotene content in green house grown tomatoes show a gradual increase from BR3 to BR7 stage, whereas in open-field grown tomatoes, the gradual increase is observed from BR3 to BR10 stage. Comparison of total antioxidant capacity of control and transformed tomatoes evaluated by phosphomolybdenum methodreveals higher total antioxidant capacity in the hydrophilic and lipophilic hexane as well as lipophilic acetone extracts in tomatoes with enhanced carotene content (CrtI and CrtY) fruits as compared to control tomato samples (GHC and OC), phenotypes, overview
additional information
enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis, overview
additional information
competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
additional information
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construction of the lycopene-producing mutant, SLYC18, and analysis of mutant strains SLYC18 and ST4, mutated in crtC and crt D or crtC genes, respectively, and quantitative analysis of their carotenoid spectrum as well as light harvesting LH1 complex, functional complementation, overview. The crtC crtD deletion mutant produces lycopene exclusively as a final product
additional information
competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
additional information
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competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
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additional information
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competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
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additional information
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competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
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additional information
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competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
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additional information
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competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
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additional information
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construction of the lycopene-producing mutant, SLYC18, and analysis of mutant strains SLYC18 and ST4, mutated in crtC and crt D or crtC genes, respectively, and quantitative analysis of their carotenoid spectrum as well as light harvesting LH1 complex, functional complementation, overview. The crtC crtD deletion mutant produces lycopene exclusively as a final product
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additional information
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competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway
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additional information
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two different mutation libraries for the crtI gene are constructed to screen for modified enzymes which synthesize almost exclusively either neurosporene or lycopene. The resulting mutants carry between one and four amino acid exchanges and at least one of them affects the secondary protein structure by shortening or extending one of the helices. A prominent amino acid which is exchanged in the neurosporene or lycopene-forming desaturase is leucine 208. Enzyme kinetic studies are carried out with the L208 modified desaturase and the specificities for phytoene and neurosporene as substrates determined. Higher and lower values correlate well with the higher or lower potential for the synthesis of lycopene from neurosporene. TopPred analysis of the mutations of L208 indicate that the location is in a highly hydrophobic membrane-integrated region which is a good candidate for the substrate-binding site of the desaturase
