1.10.3.1: catechol oxidase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about catechol oxidase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.10.3.1
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1.10.3.1
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limpet
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keyhole
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brown
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catalase
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lymphocyte
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dismutase
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hemolymph
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igm
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humoral
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larvae
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shrimp
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mushroom
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haptens
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vannamei
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sod
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antigen-specific
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melanization
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arthropod
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haemocyte
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melanin
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crab
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litopenaeus
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idiotype
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o-quinones
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crustacean
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hepatopancreas
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chlorogenic
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delayed-type
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ammonia-lyase
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l-dopa
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postharvest
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laccase
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shelf
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molluscan
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anti-idiotypic
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dinuclear
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gastropod
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crayfish
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nutrition
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pyrogallol
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agriculture
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drug development
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lobster
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alginolyticus
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entomopathogenic
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copper-binding
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antiferromagnetic
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penaeus
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kojic
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copper-containing
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pomatia
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food industry
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toxoid
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limulus
- 1.10.3.1
-
limpet
-
keyhole
- brown
- catalase
- lymphocyte
- dismutase
- hemolymph
- igm
-
humoral
- larvae
- shrimp
- mushroom
-
haptens
- vannamei
- sod
-
antigen-specific
-
melanization
-
arthropod
- haemocyte
- melanin
- crab
- litopenaeus
-
idiotype
- o-quinones
-
crustacean
- hepatopancreas
-
chlorogenic
-
delayed-type
-
ammonia-lyase
- l-dopa
-
postharvest
- laccase
-
shelf
-
molluscan
-
anti-idiotypic
-
dinuclear
-
gastropod
- crayfish
- nutrition
- pyrogallol
- agriculture
- drug development
- lobster
- alginolyticus
-
entomopathogenic
-
copper-binding
-
antiferromagnetic
- penaeus
-
kojic
-
copper-containing
- pomatia
- food industry
- toxoid
- limulus
Reaction
2 catechol
+
Synonyms
1,2-benzene: oxygen oxidoreductase, 1,2-benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, AoCO4, catalase-phenol oxidase, catechol oxidase, catecholase, catecholoxidase, CATPO, CO, copper-S100B, cresolase, dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, Diphenol oxidase, diphenolase, dopa oxidase, germin-like protein, GLP, hemocyanin, ibCO, LsPPO, mettyrosinase, monophenol, o-diphenol: oxygen oxidoreductase, monophenol, o-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase, More, MppO, o-diphenol oxidoreductase, o-diphenol: dioxygen oxidoreductase, dehydrogenating, o-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase, o-diphenolase, o-diphenoloxidase, oxytyrosinase, phenol oxidase, phenolase, phenoloxidase, polyphenol oxidase, polyphenoloxidase, PPO, PPO 1, PPO 2, PPO II, PPO-6, pyrocatechol oxidase, TYR3, tyrosinase
ECTree
1.10.3.1 catechol oxidaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Inhibitors
Inhibitors on EC 1.10.3.1 - catechol oxidase
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INHIBITOR 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide
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irreversible inactivation, second-order rate constants
2-methyl-4-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one
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IC50: 0.00351 mM
2-methyl-4-[(E,2Z)-3-phenyl-2-propenyliden]-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one
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IC50: 0.00123 mM
3-(acetoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-4-[[5-oxo-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-ylidene]methyl]phenylacetate
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IC50: 0.00215 mM
3-aminophenyl-2,2'-methylenebis-(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione)
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IC50: 0.0021 mM
3-chlorophenyl-2,2'-methylenebis-(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione)
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IC50: 0.0032 mM
4-chloromercuribenzoate
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1 mM, 96, 94 and 95% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib and II respectively
4-methylcatechol
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field bean PPO obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibits the phenomenon of inhibition by excess substrate for catechol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-tert-butylcatechol
4-tert-butylcatechol
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field bean PPO obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibits the phenomenon of inhibition by excess substrate for catechol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-tert-butylcatechol
4-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one
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IC50: 0.00323 mM
azide
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typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
cucurbitane glycosides
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isolated from Bryonia, structureactivity relationships, overview
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cycloartane glycosides
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isolated from Astragalus sp., structureactivity relationships, overview
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D-fructose
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D-fructose at different concentrations, PPO activities are measured at 25°C and pH 7.0 to determine inhibitor effects of sugars on enzymatic activities. PPO activities from both cultivars show a decreasing pattern as sugar concentration in the assay medium increases
D-glucose
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D-glucose at different concentrations, PPO activities are measured at 25°C and pH 7.0 to determine inhibitor effects of sugars on enzymatic activities. PPO activities from both cultivars show a decreasing pattern as sugar concentration in the assay medium increases
DL-dithiothreitol
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competitive with 4-methylcatechol, catechol or pyrogallol. IC50: 0.147 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.0329 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.135 mM in reaction with catechol
Fe2+
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88%, 68% and 80% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib, and II, respectively
glycine methyl ester hydrochloride
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irreversible inactivation, second-order rate constants
GSH
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increasing the concentration from 0 to 300 mM results in a high inhibitory effect on enzyme activity, mostly due to a drop of pH of the reaction solution to acidic values. Upon heating GSH at 90°C, thermal degradation product formation is responsible for a partial inhibition. GSH-derived Maillard reaction products highly inhibit enzyme activity, inhibition efficiency increasing with heating time, 2-39 h and temperature, 80-100 °C
iodoacetate
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1 mM; 1 mM: 46%, 39% and 31% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib, and II, respectively
L-Cys
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competitive with 4-methylcatechol, catechol or pyrogallol. IC50: 0.125 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.637 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.15 mM in reaction with catechol
Maillard reaction products
-
potential natural inhibitors for use with minimally processed fruits
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meta-bisulfite
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM, 76% inhibition at 0.02 mM
mimosine
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1 mM, 88%, 79% and 82% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib, and II, respectively
N-benzylbenzamide derivatives
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inhibitory potency, structure-activity relationships, overview
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phenyl-2,2'-methylenebis-(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione)
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IC50: 0.0026 mM
procyanidin
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inhibition intensity increases with NAD+. The inhibitory effect of oxidized procyanidins is twice that of native procyanidins
tyramine
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typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one
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1 mM, complete inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib and II
ascorbic acid
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endogenous ascorbic acid prevents betanidin oxidation, the effect of ascorbic acid on the tyrosinase-mediated catalysis is the reduction of the o-quinone product of the enzymatic reaction back to the corresponding o-diphenol with the concomitant oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
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inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview
ascorbic acid
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competitive with pyrolallol or catechol, noncompetitive with 4-methylcatechol as substrate. IC50: 0.357 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.818 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.33 mM in reaction with catechol
ascorbic acid
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11% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Violetto di Sicilia, 29% residual activity at 200 mM in cultivar Violetto di Provenza, 8% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Tema 2000
ascorbic acid
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one of the most effective inhibitors of isozyme PPO 1, complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
ascorbic acid
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0.066 mM, 26%, 59% and 96% inhibition of isoenzymes B, C, and D, respectively
catechol
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field bean PPO obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibits the phenomenon of inhibition by excess substrate for catechol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-tert-butylcatechol
Citric acid
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37% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Violetto di Sicilia, 59% residual activity at 200 mM in cultivar Violetto di Provenza, 18% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Tema 2000
CN-
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0.165 mM, 84%, 70%, 100% and 40% inhibition of isoenzymes A, B, C and D, respectively
cysteine
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inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview
diethyldithiocarbamate
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72.37% inhibition at 20 mM, the diethyldithiocarbamate-inhibited phenoloxidase-like activity can be perfectly restored by 10 mM Cu2+ while Zn2+ has no recovery effect
diethyldithiocarbamate
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0.066 mM, 31%, 40%, 36% and 84% inhibition of isoenzymes A, B, C, and D, respectively
dopamine
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at high dopamine concentration, a decrease in activity is observed, indicating substrate inhibition
EDTA
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inhibits the root enzyme, while the pulp enzyme is only poorly inhiibited
EDTA
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100 mM, 33%, 60%, 81% and 35% inhibition of isoenzymes A, B, C and D, respectively
glutathione
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mixed type inhibition with 4-methylcatechol as substrate, noncompetitive with pyrogallol or catechol as substrates. IC50: 0.174 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.335 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.323 mM in reaction with catechol
glutathione
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1 mM, 98%, 95% and 96% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib, and II, respectively
glutathione
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0.066 mM, 2%, 22% and 84% inhibition of isoenzymes B, C, and D, respectively
isoascorbic acid
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1 mM, complete inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib and II
kojic acid
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typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
L-ascorbic acid
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complete inhibition at 0.90 mM of the root enzyme, and at 1 mM of the pulp enzyme
L-cysteine
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complete inhibition at 0.973 mM of the root enzyme, and at 1 mM of the pulp enzyme
L-mimosine
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typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
NaCl
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800 mM, 48%, 47%, 55% and 93% inhibition of isoenzymes A, B, C, and D, respectively
NaHSO3
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0.066 mM, 64%, 50% and 27% inhibition of isoenzymes B, C, and D, respectively
Phenylthiourea
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typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
Sodium azide
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competitive with 4-methylcatechol or pyrogallol, noncompetitive with catechol as substrate. IC50: 1.31 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 10.3 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 4.32 mM in reaction with catechol
Sodium metabisulfite
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complete inhibition at 0.109 mM of the root enzyme, and at 1 mM of the pulp enzyme
Sodium metabisulfite
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one of the most effective inhibitors of isozyme PPO 1, complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
tartaric acid
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2% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Violetto di Sicilia, 18% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Violetto di Provenza, 29% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Tema 2000
tropolone
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competitive with pyrolallol or catechol, noncompetitive with 4-methylcatechol. IC50: 0.0109 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.0539 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.0297 mM in reaction with catechol
tropolone
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most powerful specific PPO inhibitor. It reduces the PPO activity by 50%, when used at a low 0.01 mM concentration
additional information
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synthesis and evaluation of several tetraketones with variable substituents at C-7, IC50 values, overview
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additional information
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synthesis and inhibitory potential of seventeen synthesized oxazolone derivatives, structure-activity relationships, overview
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additional information
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no inhibition by cycloalpioside D, cycloorbicoside A, askendoside G, and cucurbitacin L
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additional information
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structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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volatile flavor constituents of Yuzu, Mochiyuzu, Kabosu, Daidai, Naoshichi, Kiyookadaidai, Lisbon lemon, and Eureka lemon essential oils act as inhibitors of diphenolase activity
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additional information
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structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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no inhibition by EDTA, 4-aminobenzoate, salicylic acid, gallic acid and benzoic acid
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additional information
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kinetics of enzyme inactivation by temperature and pressure
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additional information
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melanin plays a crucial protective role against skin photocarcinogenesis, however, the production of abnormal melanin pigmentation is a serious esthetic problem in humans, melanin biosynthesis can be inhibited by avoiding UV exposure, the inhibition of tyrosinase, the inhibition of melanocyte metabolism and proliferation, or the removal of melanin with corneal ablation, overview, structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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inhibition by high concentrations of the substrates caffeic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid
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additional information
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inhibition by oxidation product from coffeoylquinic acid, oxidation product from (-)-epicatechin, oxidation product from (-)-epicatechin and caffeoylquinic acid, procyanidins from Avrolles cultivar, procyanidines from Kermerrien cultivar, procyanidins from Jeanne renard cultivar and oxidized procyanidins from Jeanne renard cultivar
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additional information
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PPO activity is more effectively inhibited in an acid than in an alkaline pH
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additional information
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not inhibited by 10 mM EDTA, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Ba2+
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additional information
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structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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no inhibition by amentoflavone, BHT, and morelloflavone
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additional information
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not inhibited by 2,2'-dipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA
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additional information
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sensitivity to inhibitors of the soluble and particulate enzyme forms, overview
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additional information
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structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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no inhibition by kojic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol
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additional information
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inactivation of the enzyme in freshly prepared grape must under high hydrostatic pressure of 100-800 MPa, combined with moderate temperature (20-70°C), or atmospheric pressure conditions in a temperature range of 55-70°C, pressure and temperature act synergistically, except in the hightemperature-low-pressure region where an antagonistic effect is found, kinetics of thermal inactivation, overview
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