EC Number   |
Recommended Name |
Application |
|---|
   3.7.1.4 | phloretin hydrolase |
molecular biology |
98% similarity of the rabbit LPH precursor to PNGH sequence, LPH and PNGH enzymes have the same genomic origin, but differ in transcriptional and, possibly, post-translational processing |
| 3.4.22.47 | gingipain K |
molecular biology |
a combination of both R- and K-gingipains is required for pigment production from oxyhemoglobin by Porphyromonas gingivalis since R-gingipain converts oxyhemoglobin into the methemoglobin form which is more susceptible to Kgp degradation for the eventual release of iron(III) protoporphyrin IX and production of the micro-oxo haem dimer |
| 3.1.30.1 | Aspergillus nuclease S1 |
molecular biology |
a combination of S1 nuclease with two strands of pseudo-complementary peptide nucleic acid is useful for cleaving genomic DNA into desired fragments at targeted sites. The DNA analogue pseudo-complementary peptide nucleic acid, pcPNA, has a poly[N-aminoethylglycine] backbone and invades double-stranded DNA through Watson-Crick base-pairing. Through the invasion, single-stranded portions are formed at targeted sites in the genome and cut by the enzyme which hydrolyses only single-stranded DNA. The enzyme's mismatch-recognition activity was high enough to distinguish one base-pair difference in the invasion site. Enzyme cofactor Zn2+ suppresses the DNA invasion by pseudo-complementary peptide nucleic acid |
 6.1.1.7 | alanine-tRNA ligase |
molecular biology |
a combined action of ligases MurM and MurN is required in order to rationalise the high level of dipeptide cross-links in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, with ligase MurM showing the major difference between penicillin-resistant and penicillin-sensitive strains |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
molecular biology |
a continuous assay for Rubisco activity in crude cell extracts using the Mn2+ chemiluminescence of Rubisco oxygenase is described |
| 3.13.2.1 | adenosylhomocysteinase |
molecular biology |
a coupled fluorescent assay for histone methyltransferase utilizes S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to hydrolyze the methyltransfer product S-adenosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and adenosine. The homocysteine concentration is then determined through conjugation of its free sulfhydryl moiety to a thiol-sensitive fluorophore. the assay allows rapid and facile determination of histine methyltransferase kinetics and can be adapted to measure the enzymatic activity of a wide variety of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases |
| 3.1.21.1 | deoxyribonuclease I |
molecular biology |
a DNase bioreactor can be used to remove DNA from RNA samples prior to reverse transcription followed by PCR |
| 1.8.1.15 | mycothione reductase |
molecular biology |
a DTNB-coupled assay is developed for time-dependent inhibition of Mycobacterium tubercolosis reductase employing a benzyl glycoside analogue of MSH, from which an efficient mixed disulfide substrate is chemically recycled in situ, thereby greatly reducing the substrate quantities needed for such assays |
| 1.14.11.1 | gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase |
molecular biology |
a fluorescence assay based on the detection of fluoride released from reactions of fluorinated substrates with BBOX by the use of tert-butyldimethylsilyl-protected fluorescein is developed. (3S)-3-fluoro-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate is a good substrate for BBOX, releasing fluoride when subjected to the enzyme |
| 3.4.22.70 | sortase A |
molecular biology |
a general strategy for the site-specific modification of cell surface proteins with synthetic molecules by using sortase, a transpeptidase from Staphylococcus aureus. The short peptide tag LPETGG is genetically introduced to the C terminus of the target protein, expressed on the cell surface. Subsequent addition of sortase and an N-terminal triglycine-containing probe results in the site-specific labeling of the tagged protein. C-terminal-specific labeling of osteoclast differentiation factor with a biotin- or fluorophore-containing short peptide on the living cell surface. The labeling reaction occurrs efficiently in serum-containing medium, as well as serum-free medium or PBS. The labeled products are detected after incubation for 5 min. In addition, site-specific proteinprotein conjugation is successfully demonstrated on a living cell surface by the Sortase-catalyzed reaction. This strategy provides a powerful tool for cell biology and cell surface engineering |
| 1.1.1.9 | D-xylulose reductase |
molecular biology |
a high thermostability of PsXDH is obtained by subsequent site-directed mutagenesis of the structural zinc-binding loop. The best mutant in this study (C4/F98R/E101F) shows a 10.8 °C higher thermal transition temperature and 20.8 °C higher half denaturation temperature (T1/2) compared with wild-type |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
molecular biology |
a membrane inlet mass spectrometer method is developed that simultaneously determines the rate of Rubisco carboxylation (vc) and oxygenation (vo) and the CO2 and O2 concentrations |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
molecular biology |
a membrane inlet mass spectrometer method is developped that simultaneously determines the rate of Rubisco carboxylation (vc) and oxygenation (vo) and the CO2 and O2 concentrations |
| 3.4.24.20 | peptidyl-Lys metalloendopeptidase |
molecular biology |
a method for detecting protein termini on both the amino and the carboxyl side, regardless of terminal modifications, such as N-acetylation is established. This method requires LC-MS/MS combined with two endopeptidases (lysyl endopeptidase) Lys-C and peptidyl-Lys metalloendopeptidase (Lys-N) |
| 1.3.1.77 | anthocyanidin reductase [(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol-forming] |
molecular biology |
a method for the analysis of ANR activity using the detection of coenzyme is established |
| 3.4.16.5 | carboxypeptidase C |
molecular biology |
a method is described exploiting the possibility to attach different reactive handles to their C-termini using a reaction catalyzed by CPY. It is possible to attach pairs of reaction handles which can react with each other to each of the peptides to be coupled. In a second step, the two modified peptides can be linked together by a chemical reaction, such as an oxime-forming reaction or a copper(I) catalyzed (2+3)-cycloaddition reaction of an azide with an alkyne |
| 2.7.1.21 | thymidine kinase |
molecular biology |
a method to distinguish between the de novo induction of thymidine kinase mutants and the selection of pre-existing thymidine kinase mutants in the mouse lymphoma assay |
| 2.3.1.4 | glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase |
molecular biology |
a microtiter plate based assay to detect the GlmU activity is developed: the assay relies on the enzymes MurA and MurB to convert UDP-GlcNAc into UDP-MurNAc with the concomitant reduction of NADPH. When all enzymes and substrates are present NADPH is oxidized with a concomitant decrease in OD340 |
| 1.13.12.13 | Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase |
molecular biology |
a multicolor BRET assay for the quantification of global DNA methylation is developed using CXXC-fused Oplophorus luciferase (CXXC-Oluc), a methyl-CpG-binding domain-fused firefly luciferase (MBD-Fluc), BOBO-1, and BOBO-3. CXXC-Oluc recognized unmethylated CpG sites on genomic DNA to excite BOBO-1 DNA intercalating dye, whereas MBD-Fluc recognized methylated CpG sites on genomic DNA to excite BOBO-3 DNA intercalating dye. The emission intensities of BOBO-1 and BOBO-3 are simultaneously detected and depended on the unmethylated and methylated CpG contents of the genomic DNA. There is a significant negative correlation between the emission intensities of BOBO-1 and BOBO-3. Therefore, the global DNA methylation level can be quantified with this multicolor BRET assay using a single tube |
| 2.8.3.8 | acetate CoA-transferase |
molecular biology |
a new degenerated real-time PCR approach to simultaneously quantify phylogenetically different butyrate-producing bacteria based on the detection of butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA) CoA transferase genes is described |
| 3.4.22.28 | picornain 3C |
molecular biology |
a protein-tagging system for purification of EGFP from Escherichia coli using a single-step glutathione column purification and release of EGFP from the column using a variant of Human Rhinovirus 14 3C is described. A biotinylated variant of Human Rhinovirus 14 3C protease (bHR3Cp) is constructed, which includes a factor Xa or thrombin cleavage site between the protease gene and the biotinylation signal. This system readily allows attachment of the protease to a variety of surfaces and subsequent release using either thrombin or factor Xa proteases |
| 3.2.1.21 | beta-glucosidase |
molecular biology |
a reporter gene for the localization of mammalian cells and transgenic tissues based on detection of the bglA (SYNbglA) gene of Caldocellum saccharolyticum that encodes a thermophilic beta-glucosidase is presented. SYNbglA expression can be localized in situ or detected quantitatively in colorimetric assays and can be co-localized with Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. SYNbglA can be detected in tissue wholemounts and in frozen and wax embedded sections |
| 3.1.21.4 | type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease |
molecular biology |
a straightforward, general and automatable model system for studying the activity of restriction endonucleases by using massively parallel sequencing is described, which should be highly applicable for future studies of large sets of restriction endonucleases and their activity |
| 3.1.21.4 | type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease |
molecular biology |
a straightforward, general and automatable model system for studying the activity of restriction endonucleases by using massively parallel sequencing is described, which should be highly applicable for the future studies of large sets of restriction endonucleases and their activity |
| 3.5.4.38 | single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase |
molecular biology |
a target-AID base editor, designed to recruit cytidine deaminase (CDA) to the target DNA locus via the CRISPR/Cas9 system, can directly induce C to T mutation without double-strand breaks and donor DNA. This system is adopted in Yarrowia lipolytica for multiplex gene disruption. Target-specific gRNA(s) and a fusion protein consisting of a nickase Cas9, CDA1, and uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor are expressed from a single plasmid to disrupt target genes by introducing a stop codon via C to T mutation within the mutational window. Using this Target-AID system, single gene disruption and simultaneous double gene disruption are achieved with the efficiencies up to 94% and 31%, respectively |
| 2.7.11.13 | protein kinase C |
molecular biology |
a technique is developed to detect PKCalpha activity in a cancerous cell lysate through the simple measurement of fluorescence intensity. The principle of this methodology is based on a fluorescence increase associated with polyion complex dissociation due to phosphorylation by PKCalpha |
| 2.7.11.1 | non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase |
molecular biology |
AcMNPV-pk-1 is a component of the viral very late gene transcription initiation complex |
| 3.1.3.2 | acid phosphatase |
molecular biology |
AcP and cysteine protease cooperate to assure vitellin breakdown during early embryogenesis of Periplaneta americana |
| 3.1.3.2 | acid phosphatase |
molecular biology |
ACP5 possesses a central role in removal of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker |
| 3.4.22.14 | actinidain |
molecular biology |
actinidin compared with type II or IV collagenase isolates intact human umbilical vein endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and thymic epithelial cells with viability more than 90% |
| 3.4.24.81 | ADAM10 endopeptidase |
molecular biology |
ADAM10 is regulator of vascular permeability and possesses a function VE-cadherin-dependent endothelial cell functions and leukocyte transendothelial migration |
| 3.13.2.1 | adenosylhomocysteinase |
molecular biology |
AdoHcyase overexpression results in elevated adenosine levels and decreased cell viability. Furthermore, AdoHcyase overexpressing cells show different features typical for apoptosis (cell detachment, caspase-like activity, DNA fragmentation), suggesting that cell death is due to apoptosis |
| 2.6.1.19 | 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase |
molecular biology |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to mediate inter-kingdom DNA transfer in plant genetic engineering. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a negative factor in the Agrobacterium-plant interaction, because it inhibits the DNA transfer. Generation of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain expressing the Escherichia coli gene gabT, which introduces GABA transaminase activity and the ability to degrade GABA, is achieved to circumvent the inhibitory effect of GABA |
| 1.2.1.36 | retinal dehydrogenase |
molecular biology |
ALDH1A1 is rapidly gaining importance as a stem cell marker |
| 4.2.1.11 | phosphopyruvate hydratase |
molecular biology |
alpha-enolase doubles as a surface-displayed plasminogen-binder supporting virulence |
| 3.2.1.22 | alpha-galactosidase |
molecular biology |
alpha-galactosidase is used as a simple yet powerful reporter enzyme system in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. This reporter sytem has the distinct advantage of quantitatively measuring the level of alpha-galactosidase activity quickly and easily from culture supernatant |
| 3.4.21.117 | stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme |
molecular biology |
an activity assay for human kallikrein 7 is developed using a blue-fluorescent acridone dye, featuring a remarkably long lifetime that can be quenched by either of the 2 natural amino acids, tyrosine and tryptophan. Incorporating this probe and 1 of the quenching amino acids on either side of the scissile bond of the substrate peptide makes it possible to monitor the enzymatic activity by quantifying the increase in the fluorescence lifetime signal. A systematic investigation of substrate structures leads to a homogenous, microplate-based, compound profiling assay that yields inhibitory constants down into the single-digit nanomolar range |
| 1.13.12.5 | Renilla-type luciferase |
molecular biology |
an advanced Fc-binding probe, FcUni-RLuc, is produced and functionally assayed for labelling IgGs. The Fc antibody binding sequence HWRGWV is fused to Renilla luciferase, and the purified probe is employed for bioluminescence enzyme-linked immunoabsorbance assay of Her2 positive cells |
| 2.3.1.4 | glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase |
molecular biology |
an assay for glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase using a yeast glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1 (GNA1) as coupling enzyme is developed. The assay measures the production of glucosamine-6-phosphate by either following the consumption of acetyl-CoA spectrophotometrically at 230 nm or quantifying the free thiol with 5,50-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellmans reagent) in a discontinuous manner. This method is simple to perform and can be adapted to a 96-well microtiter plate format |
| 1.14.16.1 | phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase |
molecular biology |
an automated fluorescence-based continuous real-time PAH activity assay that is faster and more efficient but as precise and accurate as standard methods is developed |
| 3.4.23.47 | HIV-2 retropepsin |
molecular biology |
an experimental model system based on the expression of HIV-2 protease in yeast cells is established: HIV-2 protease activity kills the yeast cell, this process can be abolished by inhibiting the viral enzyme activity |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate, depending on proteins of the Cyn-ABDS operon, light, and on activity of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), low internal pools of HCO3- and CO2 result in an insufficient supply of bicarbonate |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate, depending on proteins of the CynABDS operon, light, and on activity of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), inactivation of the cynS gene leads to inability of decomposition of external cyanate |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate, depending on proteins of the CynABDS operon, light, and on activity of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), mutagensis of a periplasmatic binding protein of a multicomponent ABC-transporter (CynA), leads to inability of decomposition of external cyanate due to impaired cyanate uptake, cyanase function is not affected |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate, depending on proteins of the operon CynABDS, light and internal pools of HCO3- and CO2 |
| 3.1.3.1 | alkaline phosphatase |
molecular biology |
analytically widely used enzyme, e.g. in ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| 3.4.24.83 | anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase |
molecular biology |
anthrax lethal toxin treatment of neutrophils disrupts signaling to downstream MAPK targets in response to TLR stimulation. Following anthrax lethal toxin treatment, ERK family and p38 phosphorylation are nearly completely blocked, but signaling to JNK family members persists in vitro and ex vivo. In contrast to previous reports involving human neutrophils, anthrax lethal toxin treatment of murine neutrophils increases their production of superoxide in response to PMA or TLR stimulation in vitro or ex vivo. Although this enhanced superoxide production correlates with effects due to the lethal toxin-induced blockade of ERK signaling, it requires JNK signaling that remains largely intact despite the activity of anthrax lethal toxin |
| 3.1.3.2 | acid phosphatase |
molecular biology |
APase activity may affect the tuber swelling by partially regulating the sucrose-mediated sugar resorption |
| 2.7.7.7 | DNA-directed DNA polymerase |
molecular biology |
application for long and accurate PCR. The PCR error rate of the Tba5 DNA polymerase plus4 (Tba5 plus DNA polymerase mixtures are constituted with various amounts of Tba5 DNA polymerase mixed with Taq DNA polymerase) is much lower than that of the wild-type enzyme alone |
| 3.1.21.7 | deoxyribonuclease V |
molecular biology |
application to DNA shuffling. Random DNA fragmentation by endonuclease V is a handy and reproducible method and can be used instead of fragmentation by DNase I, which is technically problematic due to decreasing shuffling efficiency |
| 3.1.6.8 | cerebroside-sulfatase |
molecular biology |
Ars can be very useful for clarifying the mechanisms underpinning syndromes caused by the deficiency of the function of Ars genes |
| 2.7.1.163 | hygromycin B 4-O-kinase |
molecular biology |
as selective marker gene |
| 3.1.4.17 | 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
assay procedure of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase |
| 3.1.3.56 | inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase |
molecular biology |
At5PTase1 and At5PTase2 genes have nonredundant roles in hydrolyzing inositol second-messenger substrates and regulation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels is important during germination and early seedling development |
| 3.4.24.83 | anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase |
molecular biology |
Bacillus anthracis represses the immune response, in part by altering chromatin accessibility of IL-8 promoter to NFkappaB in epithelial cells. This epigenetic reprogramming, in addition to previously reported effects of lethal toxin, represents an efficient strategy used by Bacillus anthracis for invading the host |
| 1.2.1.8 | betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase |
molecular biology |
BADH application as a marker for chloroplast engineering without using antibiotic can avoid transferring antibiotic genes from the plant and thus assists to allay public concern regarding genetic modifications |
| 3.1.3.1 | alkaline phosphatase |
molecular biology |
BAP may play an important role in differentiation and maturation of human B cells |
| 2.4.1.102 | beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase |
molecular biology |
beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-p-nitrophenyl and other nitrophenyl-sugar-derivatives are useful as specific inhibitors and as affinity label |
| 3.2.1.31 | beta-glucuronidase |
molecular biology |
beta-glucuronidase is the most frequent reporter gene in plants. Beta-glucuronidase enzyme activity is not only tissue-specific but also genotype-dependent |
| 2.1.1.77 | protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase |
molecular biology |
betaine administration of rats prevents the ethanol-induced accumulation of isoaspartyl-containing proteins in the liver by restoring the PIMT-catalyzed protein repair reaction through normalizing the hepatocellular SAM:SAH ratios |
| 1.14.16.1 | phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase |
molecular biology |
bicistronic expression system is developed which allows the isolation of hybrid forms that exhibit negative interallelic complementation, and may represent a model system for studying the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of PAH gene mutations in compound heterozygous phenylketonuric patients, providing the rationale to understand the observed inconsistencies both in genotype/phenotype correlations and in the response to (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation |
| 2.1.2.5 | glutamate formimidoyltransferase |
molecular biology |
bifunctional formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase provides a novel marker to study ER-Golgi dynamics |
| 3.4.24.20 | peptidyl-Lys metalloendopeptidase |
molecular biology |
biological application for enzyme-based proteolytic 18O labeling method characterizing the proteome changes of cytokine/lipolysaccharide-treated versus untreated human retinal pigment epithelium cell line |
| 1.13.12.13 | Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase |
molecular biology |
bioluminescence imaging is a powerful, broadly utilized method for non-invasive imaging studies in cell-based assays and small animal models of normal physiology and multiple diseases. In combination with molecular engineering of cells and entire organisms using luciferase enzymes, bioluminescence imaging has enabled novel applications including studies of protein-protein interactions, ligand-receptor interactions, cell trafficking, and drug targeting in mouse models. The use of a luciferase enzyme derived from Oplophorus gracilirostris, NanoLuc, is described in cell-based assays bioluminescence imaging of tumor-bearing mice. NanoLuc is combined with another luciferase enzyme, firefly luciferase, to image multiple signal transduction events in one imaging session |
| 3.4.24.69 | bontoxilysin |
molecular biology |
botulinum neurotoxins BoNT/A-G are widely used as laboratory research tools |
| 3.5.4.23 | blasticidin-S deaminase |
molecular biology |
BSD gene will be useful as a new dominant selectable marker for eukaryotes, first sucessful transformation with a drug resistance gene originating from a eukaryote by selecting for detoxification of the drug |
| 3.1.3.36 | phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase |
molecular biology |
c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein 1 (JIP1) interacts with SHIP2 and thereby positively modulates the MLK3/JIP1-mediated JNK1 activation. Furthermore, SHIP2 positively regulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of JIP1. By its interacting properties, SHIP2 can modulate JIP1-mediated JNK pathway signaling |
| 3.1.4.4 | phospholipase D |
molecular biology |
Ca2+-induced generation of membrane microdomains dramatically activates alpha-type phospholipase D from white cabbage |
| 3.1.3.36 | phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase |
molecular biology |
catalytically inactive SHIP2 mutant P686A/D690A/R691A reduces preadipocyte proliferation by attenuating PDGFR signaling |
| 3.4.23.34 | cathepsin E |
molecular biology |
CatE is a potential cancer biomarker |
| 3.4.24.83 | anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase |
molecular biology |
celastrol is identified as an inhibitor of lethal toxin-mediated macrophage lysis and suggests an inhibitory mechanism involving inhibition of the proteasome pathway |
| 4.1.3.1 | isocitrate lyase |
molecular biology |
cell growth in presence of high salt concentrations (1 M NaCl or KCl) leads to increase in enzyme activity consisting with higher levels of succinate and decreased levels of isocitrate |
| 3.7.1.4 | phloretin hydrolase |
molecular biology |
cell specificty of LPH gene expression depends upon both positive and negative interactions among elements in the first 2kb of the LPH 5'-flanking region, generally positive activity between -74 and -37 bp, a cell-specific negative region between -210 and -95 bp, and additional elements further toward the 5' terminus that confer a highly cell-specific response in reporter activity, potential binding sites for various intestinal transcription factors, binding of HNF3beta at three sites is relevant to LPH expression |
| 3.1.1.17 | gluconolactonase |
molecular biology |
coimmobilization with glucose oxidase in polyelectrolyte gels for improvement of kinetic properties, active enzymes in the gel undergo a shrinking process due to a sudden drop in pH, gel volume phase transition, overview |
| 3.1.3.1 | alkaline phosphatase |
molecular biology |
colchicine inhibits the dexamethasone-promoted translocation of ALP to the plasma membrane surrounding the bile canaliculus-like structure in primary cultures of fetal rat hepatocytes by disassembling microtubules and discomposing the Golgi complex |
| 2.7.8.15 | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase |
molecular biology |
combination of GPT and tunicamycin is a potential selectable marker system for potato transformation, overview |
| 3.1.31.1 | micrococcal nuclease |
molecular biology |
combined MNase/exoIII digestion can be applied to in situ chromatin for unbiased genome-wide mapping of nucleosome positions that is not influenced by DNA sequences at the core/linker junctions. The same approach can be also used for the precise mapping of the extent of linker DNA protection by H1 and other protein factors associated with nucleosome linkers |
| 2.8.2.20 | protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase |
molecular biology |
conjugation of proteins with N-carbamoyl-succinate-modified peptides is an appropriate tool in research, for instance, in the development of vaccines and drugs or for studying biological mechanisms |
| 1.3.5.1 | succinate dehydrogenase |
molecular biology |
considering the conservation of amino acids crucial for the SQR activity and the high levels of ROS production from the mitochondrial complex II of the Ascaris suum adult worm together with the absence of complexes III and IV activities in its respiratory chain, it is a good model to examine the reactive oxygen species production from the mitochondrial complex II |
| 1.13.12.6 | Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase |
molecular biology |
construction of a cold-induced expression vector (pCold-ZZ-VL vector) in Escherichia coli cells that results in soluble bioluminescent fusion enzyme with binding ability to monoclonal antibodies, however, the Cypridina luciferase fusion enzyme is soluble but not bioluminescent (in contrast to other luciferases fused to the ZZ-domain of Staphylococcuss aureus protein A) |
| 3.1.3.57 | inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase |
molecular biology |
contains a D-domain as mitogen-activated protein kinase docking site but no FXFP motif |
| 3.1.3.57 | inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase |
molecular biology |
contains no D-domain and no FXFP motif as mitogen-activated protein kinase docking site |
| 4.6.1.16 | tRNA-intron lyase |
molecular biology |
controlled RNA splicing in mammalian cells. mRNA modification technology that makes use of tRNA splicing endonuclease and its natural substrate, the bulge-helix-bulge structure. These components can perform both cis- and trans-splicing in cellular and animal models and may provide a convenient way to modulate gene expression using components independent of cellular regulatory networks. To use the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii enzyme in stable expression mammalian systems, variants are developed which are characterized by high efficiency and sustainable in vivo activity. The variants are created by the introduction of proper localization signals followed by mutagenesis and direct selection in mammalian cells. The best endonuclease variant shows 40fold higher activity compared to the parental enzyme and stable processing of 30% of the target mRNA. These variants show complete compatibility with long-term expression in mammalian cells, suggesting that they may be usefully applied in functional genomics and genetically modified animal models |
| 3.1.4.17 | 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution if the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE11 |
| 3.1.4.53 | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution if the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE4 |
| 3.1.4.35 | 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution if the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE5 |
| 3.1.4.35 | 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution if the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE6 |
| 3.1.4.53 | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution if the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE7 |
| 3.1.4.53 | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution if the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE8 |
| 3.1.4.35 | 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution if the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE9 |
| 3.1.4.17 | 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution of the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE1 |
| 3.1.4.17 | 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution of the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE10 |
| 3.1.4.17 | 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution of the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE2 |
| 3.1.4.17 | 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase |
molecular biology |
convenient and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for characterization and determining the contribution of the various PDE families in cell and tissue, PDE3 |
| 5.6.1.7 | chaperonin ATPase |
molecular biology |
CPN10 and CPN60.2 are suitable markers for the mitochondria of Leishmania spp. |
| 3.6.1.1 | inorganic diphosphatase |
molecular biology |
cycle sequencing methods |
| 1.13.12.6 | Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase |
molecular biology |
Cypridina noctiluca luciferase is utilized for biochemical and molecular biological applications, including bioluminescent enzyme immunoassays, far-red luminescence imaging, and high-throughput reporter assays |
| 1.13.12.7 | firefly luciferase |
molecular biology |
Cypridina noctiluca luciferase is utilized for biochemical and molecular biological applications, including bioluminescent enzyme immunoassays, far-red luminescence imaging, and high-throughput reporter assays |
| 1.1.1.28 | D-lactate dehydrogenase |
molecular biology |
D-lactate dehydrogenase is useful as a marker gene allowing positive selection of transgenic plants |
