EC Number   |
Recommended Name |
Application |
|---|
    1.1.1.47 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] |
biotechnology |
(±)-ethyl mandelate are important intermediates in the synthesis of numerous pharmaceuticals. Efficient routes for the production of these derivatives are highly desirable. A co-immobilization strategy is developed to overcome the issue of NADPH demand in the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) catalytic process. The SDR from Thermus thermophilus HB8 and the NAD(P)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Thermoplasma acidophilum DSM 1728 are co-immobilized on silica gel. This dual-system offers an efficient route for the biosynthesis of (+/-)-ethyl mandelate |
| 3.1.3.8 | 3-phytase |
biotechnology |
a 20fold increase in total root phytase activity in transgenic lines expressing Aspergillus niger phytase results in improved phosphorus nutrition, such that the growth and phosphorus content of the plants is equivalent to control plants supplied with inorganic phosphate. Use of gene technology to improve the ability of plants to utilize accumulated forms of soil organic phosphorus |
| 3.1.3.26 | 4-phytase |
biotechnology |
a 20fold increase in total root phytase activity in transgenic lines expressing Aspergillus niger phytase results in improved phosphorus nutrition, such that the growth and phosphorus content of the plants is equivalent to control plants supplied with inorganic phosphate. Use of gene technology to improve the ability of plants to utilize accumulated forms of soil organic phosphorus |
| 2.4.1.152 | 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase |
biotechnology |
a baculoviral expression system of FucT-IX appears to be a promising strategy for overproduction as compared to overproduction in Escherichia coli or mammalian cells |
| 3.5.1.93 | glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic-acid acylase |
biotechnology |
a biological and colometric method is evaluated for determination of cephalosporin acylase product in bacteria |
| 1.1.1.27 | L-lactate dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
a chimeric bifunctional enzyme composing of galactose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens and lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus is successfully constructed. The chimeric enzyme is able to recycle NAD with a continuous production of lactate without any externally added NADH |
| 3.5.4.1 | cytosine deaminase |
biotechnology |
a chitosan-entrapped cytosine deaminase nanocomposite is developped. Sustained release of cytosine deaminase from the nanocomposite up to one week depicts its potential implication in prodrug inducted enzyme therapy |
| 2.5.1.78 | 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase |
biotechnology |
a circularly permuted variant of lumazine synthase affords versatile building blocks for the construction of nanocompartments that can be easily produced, tailored, and diversified. The topologically altered protein self-assembles into spherical and tubular cage structures with morphologies that can be controlled by the length of the linker connecting the native termini. Permutated lumazine synthase proteins integrate into wild-type and other engineered lumazine synthase assemblies by coproduction in Escherichia coli to form patchwork cages. This coassembly strategy enables encapsulation of guest proteins in the lumen, modification of the exterior through genetic fusion, and tuning of the size and electrostatics of the compartments |
| 4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
biotechnology |
a combined (enzymatic and chemical) process using a Bacillus pumilus strain (DKS1), isolated from the soil, is used to degum ramie bast fibres. Results indicate the process provides an economical and eco-friendly method for the small scale as well as large-scale degumming of decorticated ramie fibre. Results are of importance for the textile as well as paper industry |
| 4.3.1.1 | aspartate ammonia-lyase |
biotechnology |
a complete biocatalytic process to synthesize high concentrations of L-aspartate catalyzed by aspartase from Bacillus sp. YM55-1 (AspB) is established using an immobilized enzyme in three different supports. MANA-agarose derivative could be selected as the most suitable biocatalyst for the synthesis of Asp due to the simplicity of the method and performance |
| 4.1.2.48 | low-specificity L-threonine aldolase |
biotechnology |
a continuous bioconversion system for L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine production is developed that uses whole-cell biocatalyst of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing L-TA genes cloned from Streptomyces avelmitilis MA-4680. Maximum conversion rates are observed at 2 M glycine, 145 mM 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 0.75% Triton-X, 5 g Escherichia coli cells/l, pH 6.5 and 10°C. In the optimized condition, overall productivity is 8 g/l |
| 3.1.3.8 | 3-phytase |
biotechnology |
a cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) of 3-phytase is synthesised, which is incubated with vanadate and tested as a biocatalyst in the asymmetric sulfoxidation of thioanisole using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. The results show that the 3-phytase-CLEA demonstrates a similar efficiency (ca. 95% conversion) and asymmetric induction (ca. 60%) as the free enzyme. Moreover, the 3-phytase-CLEA can be reused at least three times without significant loss of activity |
| 2.3.1.94 | 6-deoxyerythronolide-B synthase |
biotechnology |
a derivative of Escherichia coli is genetically engineered to produce 6-deoxyerythronolide B, the macrocyclic core of the antibiotic erythromycin |
| 3.2.1.35 | hyaluronoglucosaminidase |
biotechnology |
a fluorescent substrate (FRET-HA) to quantitatively assess hyaluronidase activity is developed |
| 1.1.5.2 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone) |
biotechnology |
a Glucose sensitive biosensor containing GDH immobilized on Prussian blue (PB)-modified graphite electrode is designed. Properties of the biosensor are investigated in the cathodic and anodic response detection regions. It is shown, that anodic response of the biosensor is sum of two signals: direct electron transport from reduced pyrroloquinoline quinine to the electrode and by formation of the pyrroloquinoline quinone-oxygen-Prussion blue-carbon ternary complex. Cathodic response of the biosensor is based on the oxidation of the reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone by Prussian blue-oxygen-Prussian blue complex. Electrochemical regeneration of the enzyme does not produce free hydrogen peroxide |
| 4.2.2.14 | glucuronan lyase |
biotechnology |
a glucuronan lyase is immobilized on a monolithic Convective Interaction Media disk. Degradations of three glucuronans with various O-acetylation degrees is investigated and compared with degradations using free enzyme. The immobilized glucuronan lyase is inhibited by the O-acetylation degree like the free enzyme. 1H NMR analyses are used to study the O-acetylation degree of oligoglucuronans and demonstrate that the average degrees of polymerization are inclusive between 4 and 13 after 24 h of degradation. This first immobilization of a glucuronan lyase constitutes a tool to produce oligoglucuronans |
| 3.2.1.183 | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (hydrolysing) |
biotechnology |
a GNE-deficient HEK293 cell line proves its potential for the production of glycoproteins with modified sialylation, gaining therapeutic and diagnostic glycoproteins, and efficient application of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering |
| 2.3.1.84 | alcohol O-acetyltransferase |
biotechnology |
a low-cost fermentation process for isoamyl acetate biosynthesis by overexpressing the yeast alcohol acetyl-transferase AFT1 in Escherichia coli is developed |
| 2.3.1.84 | alcohol O-acetyltransferase |
biotechnology |
a low-cost fermentation process for isoamyl acetate biosynthesis by overexpressing the yeast alcohol acetyl-transferase AFT2 in Escherichia coli is developed |
| 3.4.21.111 | aqualysin 1 |
biotechnology |
a maltose biding protein (MBP)-fused proaqualysin I expression plasmid is developed in which MBP is attached to the N-terminus of proaqualysin I. MBP appears effectively to suppress the folding-promoting activity of the N-terminal propeptide when the bacteria are grown at 30°C, leading to a massive accumulation of fusion aqualysin I precursor. The precursor is converted efficiently to mature aqualysin I by heat treatment at 70°C. By analyzing the product it is confirmed that aqualysin I is initially expressed as a whole fusion protein and then processed autocatalytically |
| 3.2.1.37 | xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase |
biotechnology |
a method for bioconversion of 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-cycloastragenol into cycloastragenol is optimized. A green and efficient biotransformation method is established for 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-cycloastragenol using beta-glucosidase Dth3 and beta-xylosidase Xln-DT |
| 6.1.1.1 | tyrosine-tRNA ligase |
biotechnology |
a mutant Methanococcus jannaschii tyrosyl amber suppressor tRNA, Tyr MjtRNA CUR/tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (MjTyrRS) pair is developed to uniquely incorporate phenylselenocysteine in response to the amber TAG codon in Escherichia coli. After being efficiently converted into dehydroalanine under mild conditions, Michael addition reactions with the corresponding thiols can be used to synthesize N-methyl- and N-acetyl-lysine analogues |
| 3.4.22.37 | gingipain R |
biotechnology |
a naive camel nanobody library is constructed and phage display is used to select one nanobody toward RgpB with picomolar affinity. The nanobody is highly specific for RgpB given that it does not bind to the homologous gingipain HRgpA, indicating the presence of a binding epitope within the immunoglobulin-like domain of RgpB. RgpB can be used as a specific biomarker for Porphyromonas gingivalis infection |
| 4.1.99.3 | deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase |
biotechnology |
a new class of photolyases with specificity for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in ssDNA is defined. Members of these branch are found in bacteria, plants, and animals, and are designated Cry-DASH, because of the lack of significant photorepair activity on dsDNA |
| 2.3.1.94 | 6-deoxyerythronolide-B synthase |
biotechnology |
a new Escherichia coli stain, YW9, is created, featuring a plasmid-free heterologous pathway for the production of the polyketide product 6-deoxyerythronolide B |
| 4.2.2.3 | mannuronate-specific alginate lyase |
biotechnology |
a new highly specific and sensitive capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of the total alginic acid (AA) content in pharmaceutical formulations is described by means of capillary electrophoresis at 230 nm after treatment with alginate lyase and separation of unsaturated products, DELTA-oligomers (DELTA-HexA-[HexA]n), in particular, DP3 (DELTA-HexA-HexA-HexA) and DP4 (DELTAHexA-HexA-HexA-HexA). The capillary electrophoresis method is applied to the determination of AA content of both solid and liquid formulations that also contain antacid ingredients, mainly aluminium, sodium and potassium bicarbonate, and emulsifying and flavouring agents |
| 1.3.5.1 | succinate dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
a new host-vector system for Mortierella alpina 1S-4, zygomycetes, on the basis of self-cloning for the industrial application of Mortierella transformants is developed. Transformants expressing the Escherichia coli uidA gene encoding beta-glucuronidase by using the mutant H243L as the selectable marker (leading to to carboxin resistance) |
| 3.2.1.156 | oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase |
biotechnology |
a novel method for producing a glycosynthase from an inverting glycoside hydrolase by mutating a residue that holds the nucleophilic water molecule (Y198) with the general base residue while keeping the general base residue intact |
| 1.1.1.149 | 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
a process is developed that that allows the production of 20alpha- dihydrodydrogesterone at technical scale (several grams of 20a-DHD per week and fermenter). Genetic improvement of the production strain, an increase of substrate solubility by addition of ß-cyclodextrin, and the development of a sophisticated high-cell density fermentation at pilot scale are employed. By usage of the exemplary substrate progesterone, it is hsown that this innovative fission yeast-based whole cell biotransformation process is transferable to the conversion of other AKR1C1 substrates without special adaptation |
| 6.3.2.2 | glutamate-cysteine ligase |
biotechnology |
a protein transduction approach whereby recombinant GCL protein can be rapidly and directly transferred into cells when coupled to the HIV TAT protein transduction domain. The TAT-GCL fusion proteins are capable of heterodimerization and formation of functional GCL holoenzyme in vitro. Exposure of Hepa-1c1c7 cells to the TAT-GCL fusion proteins results in the time- and dose-dependent transduction of both GCL subunits and increased cellular GCL activity and glutathione levels. A heterodimerization-competent, enzymatically deficient GCLC-TAT mutant was also generated in an attempt to create a dominant-negative suppressor of GCL |
| 6.1.1.1 | tyrosine-tRNA ligase |
biotechnology |
a rapid, straightforward, one plasmid dual positive/negative selection system for the evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with altered specifities in Escherichia coli is developed |
| 3.1.3.1 | alkaline phosphatase |
biotechnology |
a simple and fast dynamically coated capillary electrophoretic method is developed for the characterization and inhibition studies of alkaline phosphatases |
| 3.4.17.1 | carboxypeptidase A |
biotechnology |
a strategy is shown for the expression of MeCPA-His6PR in the cytosol of Escherichia coli and a relatively simple procedure to purify it to homogeneity. The bacterial system yields about 0.5 mg of pure enzyme per liter of cell culture and is more convenient and less expensive than is the production of MeCPA in insect cells |
| 1.4.1.2 | glutamate dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
a strategy to control flocculation is investigated using dimorphic yeast, Benjaminiella poitrasii as a model. Parent form of this yeast (Y) exhibit faster flocculation (11.1 min) than the monomorphic yeast form mutant Y-5 (12.6 min). Flocculation of both Y and Y-5 can be altered by supplementing either substrates or inhibitor of NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH) in the growth media. The rate of flocculation is promoted by alpha-ketoglutarate or isophthalic acid and decelerated by glutamate with a statistically significant inverse correlation to corresponding NAD-GDH levels. This opens up new possibilities of using NAD-GDH modulating agents to control flocculation in fermentations for easier downstream processing |
| 3.4.24.26 | pseudolysin |
biotechnology |
A2 protease is usable for shrimp waste deproteinization in the process of chitin preparation, percent of protein removal after 3 h hydrolysis at 40°C with an enzyme/substrate ratio of 5 U/mg protein is about 75%. A2 proteolytic preparation also demonstrates powerful depilating capabilities of hair removal from bovine skin |
| 3.1.1.73 | feruloyl esterase |
biotechnology |
ability of the enzyme to be active in alkaline pH may be advantageous in biotechnological applications and especially in the treatment of alkaline woodpulp |
| 3.4.22.14 | actinidain |
biotechnology |
actinidin might be utilized to eliminate the milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) protein residues from cream and its derivatives |
| 1.2.4.1 | pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) |
biotechnology |
active expression of enzyme from non-halophilic Zymomonas mobilis in the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii with no difference in the secondary structure. Post-transcriptional mechanisms in the stationary phase appear to limit the amount of recombinant protein expressed |
| 3.1.1.74 | cutinase |
biotechnology |
adsorption of enzyme onto the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) latex particles. Up to 50% decrease in specific activity at pH-values 4.5 and 5.2. Almost no inactivation upon adsorption at pH 7.0 and 9.2. 60% increase in maximum adsorption with temperature raising from 25 to 50°C |
| 2.3.2.13 | protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase |
biotechnology |
after fermentation in presence of enzyme, wheat dough has higher resistance to stretching and lower extensibility than control, dough contains more of the smallest and less large air bubbles. Enzyme improves formation of protein network in bread baked from normal or organic flour but at higher dosage causes uneven ditribution |
| 2.3.1.74 | chalcone synthase |
biotechnology |
Agrobacterium-mediated infection of Petunia hybrida plants with tobacco rattle virus bearing fragments of Petunia genes results in systemic infection and virus-induced gene silencing of the homologous host genes. Infection with TRV containing a chalcone synthase fragment results in silencing of anthocyanin production in infected flowers. Value of virus-induced gene silencing with tandem constructs containing CHS as reporter and a target gene as a tool for examining the function of floral-associated genes |
| 1.1.1.21 | aldose reductase |
biotechnology |
ALDRXV4 gene from Xerophyta viscosa is a potential candidate for developing stress-tolerant crop plants |
| 3.1.3.1 | alkaline phosphatase |
biotechnology |
alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli is immobilized by copolymerization with resorcinol. The phosphatase-polyresorcinol complex synthesized retains about 74% of the original enzymatic activity. On addition to soil, free enzyme is completely inactivated in 4 days, whereas the phosphatase-polyresorcinol complex is comparatively stable.Barley seed coated with the immobilized enzyme exhibits higher rhizosphere phosphatase activity. Under pot culture conditions, an increase in the soil inorganic phosphorus is detected when the seed is encapsulated with the phosphatase-polyresorcinol complex, and a positive influence on biomass and inorganic phosphorus concentration of shoot is observed |
| 4.2.99.21 | isochorismate lyase |
biotechnology |
alternative computational rational approach to improve the secondary catalytic activity of enzymes, taking as a test case the IPL enzyme. The approach is based on the use of molecular dynamic simulations employing hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods that allow describing breaking and forming bonds |
| 6.3.4.16 | carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) |
biotechnology |
ammonia elimination as functional marker in hepatocyte cultivation and zonation in a bioreactor, and construction of a bioartificial liver, overview |
| 1.2.1.67 | vanillin dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116 vdh mutant represents an optimized and industrially applicable platform for biotechnological production of natural vanillin |
| 2.4.1.4 | amylosucrase |
biotechnology |
amylosucrase has great potential in the biotechnology and food industries, due to its multifunctional enzyme activities. It can synthesize alpha-1,4-glucans, like amylose, from sucrose as a sole substrate. It can also utilize various other molecules as acceptors. In addition, amylosucrase produces sucrose isomers such as turanose and trehalulose. It also efficiently synthesizes modified starch with increased ratios of slow digestive starch and resistant starch, and glucosylated functional compounds with increased water solubility and stability. It produces turnaose more efficiently than other carbohydrate-active enzymes. Amylose synthesized by amylosucrase forms microparticles and these can be utilized as biocompatible materials with various bio-applications, including drug delivery, chromatography, and bioanalytical sciences |
| 1.13.12.5 | Renilla-type luciferase |
biotechnology |
an advanced Fc-binding probe, FcUni-RLuc, is produced and functionally assayed for labelling IgGs. The Fc antibody binding sequence HWRGWV is fused to Renilla luciferase, and the purified probe is employed for bioluminescence enzyme-linked immunoabsorbance assay of Her2 positive cells |
| 1.1.1.149 | 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
an aldo-keto reductases-dependent whole-cell biotransformation process is established that can be used for production of human aldo-keto reductases metabolites on a large scale |
| 2.6.1.18 | beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase |
biotechnology |
an alternative deracemization method for the efficient production of L-homoalanine using D-amino acid oxidase (vide infra) and omega-TA is proposed |
| 1.4.3.11 | L-glutamate oxidase |
biotechnology |
an amperometric microbiosensor for real time monitoring L-glutamate release in neural tissue, based on enzymatic oxidation catalyzed by the L-glutamate oxidase is developed. By means of a sol-gel coating method, L-glutamate oxidase is entrapped in a biocompatible gel layer that provides a benign environment and retains enzyme activity on the surface of Pt microelectrode. Prior to gel layer formation, a modification on the surface of Pt microelectrode with poly(phenylene diamine) enables the microbiosensor screen majority of common potential interfering substances existing in physiological samples. The resulting L-glutamate microbiosensors are characterized by a fast response, high sensitivity, favourable selectivity and excellent long-term stability |
| 1.14.13.146 | taxoid 14beta-hydroxylase |
biotechnology |
an antisense suppression approach, repressing the expression of the taxoid 14beta-hydroxlyase gene in yew cell cultures, is useful to inhibit the expression of other important genes in side-route of Taxol pathway and this may diverts the flow of taxadiene mainly towards Taxol |
| 2.7.2.11 | glutamate 5-kinase |
biotechnology |
an artificial bifunctional enzyme, gamma-glutamyl kinase/gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, improves NaCl tolerance when expressed in Escherichia coli |
| 3.1.3.1 | alkaline phosphatase |
biotechnology |
an assay is developed for determination of the activity of the ALP using the effect of enhancement of fluorescence of the europium(III)-tetracycline 3:1 complex (Eu(3)TC). Its luminescence, peaking at 616 nm if excited at 405 nm, is enhanced by a factor of 2.5 in the presence of phosphate. Phosphate coordinates to Eu(3)TC and enhances its luminescence intensity as a result of the displacement of water from the inner coordination sphere of the central metal. The assay is performed in a time-resolved (gated) mode, which is shown to yield larger signal changes than steady-state measurement of fluorescence. The limit of detection for ALP is 4 micromol/l. Based on this scheme, a model assay for theophylline as inhibitor for ALP is developed with a linear range from 14 to 68 micromol/l of theophylline |
| 1.1.5.14 | fructose 5-dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
an automated, enzymatic insulin assay is developed. Principle: Fructose is produced by the action of inulinase on inulin present in the sample. The resulting fructose reacts with D-fructose dehydrogenase in the presence of the oxidized form of 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate (1-m-PMS) to produce the reduced form of 1-m-PMS. Reduced 1-m-PMS acts on dissolved oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide, which, through the action of peroxidase, oxidatively condenses N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine and 4-aminoantipyrine to transform them into quinoneimine dye. The absorbance of the quinoneimine dye is measured spectrophotometrically to determine the concentration of inulin in the sample. The new enzymatic assay offers a more convenient and more accurate measurement of inulin and may be suitable for routine procedures by automated analyzers in clinical laboratories |
| 1.4.1.9 | leucine dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
an efficient stereospecific enzymatic synthesis of L-valine, L-leucine, L-norvaline, L-norleucine and L-isoleucine from the corresponding alpha-keto acids by coupling the reactions catalysed by leucine dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase/galactose mutarotase. Giving high yields of L-amino acids, the procedure is economical and easy to perform and to monitor at a synthetically useful scale (1-10 g) |
| 2.6.1.1 | aspartate transaminase |
biotechnology |
an enzymatic method for the synthesis of the amino acid Phe is developed. AAT from porcine heart is immobilized by covalent attachment and entrapment, and the resulting immobilized preparations are compared to the soluble enzyme both in terms of stability and reaction efficiency |
| 2.3.1.122 | trehalose O-mycolyltransferase |
biotechnology |
an enzyme assay using the natural substrate trehalose dimycolate is developed. The colorimetric assay is based on the quantification of glucose from the degradation of trehalose, which is the product from catalytic activity of antigen 85A. This assay is suitable for robust high-throughput screening (HTS) for compound library screening against mycolyltransferase. The assay has a very low coefficient of variance (0.04) in 96-well plates and shows a Z' factor of 0.67-0.73, indicating the robustness of the assay |
| 5.1.1.10 | amino-acid racemase |
biotechnology |
an enzyme lyophilisate of amino acid racemase from Pseudomonas putida is used for in situ racemization. Crystallization experiments accompanied by enzymatic racemization lead to a significant increase of crystallized L-Asn |
| 5.3.3.2 | isopentenyl-diphosphate DELTA-isomerase |
biotechnology |
an Escherichia coli strain is engineered for isoprenoid ether lipid biosynthesis through digeranylgeranylglycerylphosphate, DGGGP |
| 2.3.1.183 | phosphinothricin acetyltransferase |
biotechnology |
an improved transformation method for biocontrol agent, Beauveria bassiana, is developed |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
biotechnology |
analysis of strain characteristics for biotechnological application, detoxification of cyanide- or thiocyanate-containing soils and industrial effluents |
| 3.1.3.37 | sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase |
biotechnology |
antisense transgenic plants, in mature, fully expanded leaves, enzyme activity is closely related with photosynthetic capacity, in youngest leaves, photosynthetic rates are close to or higher than those of wild type plants, decreased enzymic activity also leads to reduction in carbohydrate levels, particularly in starch |
| 1.1.1.275 | (+)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
applicability of strains with high enzyme content or recombinant overproducing strains for production of (+)-carvone, which is used as a flavor compound |
| 1.1.5.2 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone) |
biotechnology |
application as biosensor |
| 1.1.99.35 | soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
application as biosensor. Application for glucose sensing. s-GDH can be applied for the ultrasensitive detection of PQQ down to picomolar concentrations |
| 2.7.1.78 | polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase |
biotechnology |
application in DNA and RNA sequencing |
| 4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
biotechnology |
application of a commercial pectinase for a range of concentrations and treatment times creates pectin-free textiles with low wax content. Assessment of physicochemical properties such as, wettability, whiteness index, polymerization degree, crystallinity index, color depth, as well as low-stress mechanical properties, proves that bioscouring can be as much efficient as the conventional alkaline treatment |
| 2.7.7.B22 | transposase |
biotechnology |
application of a hyperactive transposase variant to generate mutants with integrated genes for the expression of the superfolder green fluorescent protein gene or a 2-ketodecarboxylase gene in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which enables the production and secretion of isobutyric acid. An inverse PCR method identifies the insertion sites of the 2-ketodecarboxylase gene, i.e. functional exogenous metabolic genes have been chromosomally integrated |
| 1.17.99.2 | ethylbenzene hydroxylase |
biotechnology |
application of artificial neural networks for prediction of reaction kinetics |
| 1.4.3.11 | L-glutamate oxidase |
biotechnology |
application of L-glutamate oxidase with catalase (KatE) to whole-cell systems for glutaric acid production in Escherichia coli. The 2-oxoglutarate regeneration system has potential for improving production in various aminotransferase systems |
| 1.20.1.1 | phosphonate dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
application of mutant Q137R/I150F/Q215L/R275Q/L276Q/A319E/V315A/Q132R/V71I/E130K/I313L/A325V/A176R for regeneration of NADPH in xylose reductase-catalyzed xylitol synthesis and alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed (R)-phenylethanol synthesis. comparison of enzyme with commercial Pseudomonas sp. formate dehydrogenase. Mutant Q137R/I150F/Q215L/R275Q/L276Q/A319E/V315A/Q132R/V71I/E130K/I313L/A325V/A176R shows higher substrate conversion and higher total turnover numbers for NADP+ than formate dehydrogenase |
| 1.4.1.20 | phenylalanine dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
application of the immobilised mutant enzyme N145A that is remarkably robust, even in the presence of high concentrations of polar or non-polar organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, n-hexane, toluene and methylene chloride in the synthesis of p-NO2-phenylalanine from the poorly water-soluble p-NO2-phenylpyruvic acid. 100% stereoselectivity |
| 2.4.1.4 | amylosucrase |
biotechnology |
arbutin as a safe hydroquinone derivative is one of most important skin-whitening ingredients including beta-arbutin and alpha-arbutin. The batch-feeding whole-cell biocatalysis by Amy-1 is a promising technology for alpha-arbutin production with enhanced yield and molar conversion rate |
| 3.2.1.54 | cyclomaltodextrinase |
biotechnology |
Archaeoglobus fulgidus utilizes an unusual pathway of starch degradation involving cyclodextrins as intermediates, extracellular cyclodextrins are transported into the cell and linearized via a CDase |
| 3.2.1.147 | thioglucosidase |
biotechnology |
Aspergillus sp. NR463U4 maintains constant myrosinase production for 8 months. High production and prolonged stability of myrosinase demonstrates that this mutant could be a candidate for industrial application |
| 2.7.7.19 | polynucleotide adenylyltransferase |
biotechnology |
assay in microtiter format |
| 4.2.1.135 | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4,6-dehydratase (configuration-retaining) |
biotechnology |
assay targets enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the unusual bacterial sugar diNAcBac and the transfer of diNAcBac-phosphate to UndP. This multienzyme assay, together with the established assays for the individual enzymes, can be used to screen for inhibitors, and may be used to evaluate substrate flux along the inhibited pathway. This assay is optimized for maximum sensitivity to inhibition of PglF, PglE, PglD, and PglC by balancing the enzyme concentrations such that each is partially rate determining |
| 2.7.4.1 | ATP-polyphosphate phosphotransferase |
biotechnology |
ATP supply for synthesis of D-amino acid dipeptides |
| 3.4.21.B48 | kumamolysin |
biotechnology |
attractive candidate for industrial-scale biopeptide production under thermoacidophilic conditions |
| 1.1.1.47 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] |
biotechnology |
azoreductase and glucose 1-dehydrogenase are coupled for both continuous generation of the cofactor NADH and azo dye removal. The results show that 85% maximum relative activity of azoreductase in an integrated enzyme system is obtained at the conditions: 1 U azoreductase: 10 U glucose 1-dehydrogenase, 250 mM glucose, 1.0 mM NAD+ and 150 microM methyl red |
| 4.6.1.22 | Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease |
biotechnology |
bacisubin is an antifungal protein |
| 3.1.1.81 | quorum-quenching N-acyl-homoserine lactonase |
biotechnology |
bacteria harboring the qsdA gene interfere very efficiently with quorum-sensing-regulated functions, demonstrating that qsdA is a valuable tool for developing quorum-quenching procedures |
| 3.4.24.B24 | L-alanine-D-glutamate endopeptidase |
biotechnology |
bacteriophage peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing enzymes have found several applications in biotechnology and medicine, e.g. for surface-decontamination purposes, for biopreservation of food and feed and as potential topical antimicrobials |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
biotechnology |
bacteriostatic agent. The combination of different concentrations of glucose oxidase and glucose could significantly inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium and Escherichia coli in logarithmic phase during the fermentation process |
| 1.2.1.8 | betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase |
biotechnology |
BADH overexpression in maize is beneficial for drought tolerance and the three transgenic maize lines can be used for further breeding experiments. The agronomic traits of transgenic maize are not affected by the overexpression of BADH |
| 3.2.1.39 | glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase |
biotechnology |
beta-1,3-glucanases may be useful in fungal transformations or other biotechnological applications where low-temperature cell wall disintegration is preferred |
| 3.2.1.39 | glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase |
biotechnology |
BglS27 is a good candidate for utilization in biotechnological applications such as plant protection, feed, and food preservation |
| 3.1.3.37 | sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase |
biotechnology |
bifunctional fructose-1,6/seduheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase expressed in Nicotiana tabacum, plants show enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and growth characteristics as well as higher photosynthetic CO2 fixation and more final dry matter |
| 3.2.1.78 | mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase |
biotechnology |
bio-bleaching for kraft pulp production |
| 1.14.13.22 | cyclohexanone monooxygenase |
biotechnology |
biocatalysis system for Baeyer-Villiger oxidations, the average specific oxidation rate and product molar yield based on reaction substrate reaches 0.15 g/g dry cells/h (21.9 micromol/min/g of dry cells), at high cell densities (20 g dry cells/l) the specific product formation rate is lower with 0.12 g/g dry cells/h and 17.5 micromol/min/g of dry cells (probably due to low availability of the energy source glucose), though absolute yield is 2fold higher |
| 1.1.3.6 | cholesterol oxidase |
biotechnology |
biocatalysis, industrial steroid drug production, steroid production as diagnostic tool |
| 1.1.3.10 | pyranose oxidase |
biotechnology |
biocatalyst for carbohydrate transformations toward higher-value products |
| 3.1.1.3 | triacylglycerol lipase |
biotechnology |
biocatalytic surfactant production, for example the synthesis of myristyl myristate. |
| 1.8.3.7 | formylglycine-generating enzyme |
biotechnology |
bioconjugation chemistry, formylglycine-generating enzymes catalyze the site-specific oxidation of a cysteine residue to the aldehyde-containing amino acid Ca-formylglycine (FGly). This noncanonical residue can be generated within any desired target protein and can subsequently be used for bioorthogonal conjugation reactions |
| 3.2.1.11 | dextranase |
biotechnology |
bioconversion, modification of alternan |
| 1.14.15.1 | camphor 5-monooxygenase |
biotechnology |
bioengineered Escherichia coli cells possess a heterologous self-sufficient P450 catalytic system that may have advantages in terms of low cost and high yield for the production of fine chemicals |
| 1.1.5.2 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone) |
biotechnology |
bioengineering of water-soluble isozyme PQQGDH-B production at industrial level |
| 3.8.1.8 | atrazine chlorohydrolase |
biotechnology |
bioremediation |
| 1.1.99.18 | cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) |
biotechnology |
biosensors with a cellulosic carrier containing self-assembled nanocomposites of CDH and other enzymes allow the determination of 100 nm dopamine |
