EC Number   |
Recommended Name |
Application |
|---|
   4.2.2.10 | pectin lyase |
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the purified pectin lyase is efficient in retting of of natural fibers of mature stems of Linum usitatissimum, Cannabis sativa, and Crotalaria juncea |
| 4.2.2.10 | pectin lyase |
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the purified pectin lyase shows retting ability for natural fibers viz. Cannabis sativa and Linum usitatissimum |
| 4.2.2.11 | guluronate-specific alginate lyase |
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use of recombinant abalone alginate lyase and beta-1,4-endoglucanase for protoplast isolation from Laminaria japonica. In Laminaria japonica blades pretreated with proteinase K and incubated in artificial seawater containing alginate lyase and beta-1,4-endoglucanase, the protoplast number is increased up to 5000000 protoplasts/g fresh weight. These cells are mostly derived from the epidermal layer rather than the cortical layer. Results suggest that at least three enzymes, alginate lyase, cellulase, and protease, are essential for effective protoplast isolation from Laminaria japonica |
| 4.2.99.18 | DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase |
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opposite-base specificity of Nei is primarily governed by residues in the Q69-Y71 loop, both Q69-Y71 loop and the zinc finger contribute significantly to the substrate specificity of Nei |
| 4.2.99.18 | DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase |
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enzyme APE1 is a promising target for the development of small-molecule inhibitors to be used in combination with anticancer agents |
 4.3.2.2 | adenylosuccinate lyase |
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participates in the purine biosynthetic pathway, enzyme defects result in psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, muscle wasting and autistic features |
| 4.3.3.7 | 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase |
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the enzyme is not an optimal target for drug development against Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| 4.4.1.1 | cystathionine gamma-lyase |
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H2S donors elicit pharmacological effect on ocular smooth muscle is of great interest and merits further investigation |
| 4.4.1.1 | cystathionine gamma-lyase |
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H2S is a physiologic vasodilator and regulator of blood pressure |
| 4.4.1.1 | cystathionine gamma-lyase |
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H2S might be a novel insulin resistance regulator |
| 4.4.1.1 | cystathionine gamma-lyase |
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insulin release is impaired in diabetic animals and inhibition of abnormally increased endogenous pancreatic H2S production in diabetes may represent a novel avenue for diabetes treatment |
| 4.4.1.4 | alliin lyase |
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general properties and evaluation of its application in on-site production of allicin-dependent fungicidal activity |
| 4.4.1.5 | lactoylglutathione lyase |
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GloI has two functional active sites with similar catalytic activities and pH profiles but different substrate affinities. Glu91/Glu272 and Glu345/Glu161 are isofunctional to Glu99 and Glu172 in human GloI, respectively. As a consequence, Glu91 and Glu345 are part of active site A between the N- and C-terminal domains, and Glu272 and Glu161 form active site B between the intermediate domains. Both active sites are able to adopt two different conformations and are allosterically coupled |
| 4.4.1.5 | lactoylglutathione lyase |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses GlxI enzymes from two metal activation classes. The gloA1 and gloA2 genes encode non-Zn2+ dependent glyoxalase I enzymes and the gloA3 gene encodes a Zn2+-dependent homolog |
| 4.4.1.5 | lactoylglutathione lyase |
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compared to control cells, transgenic cells with Pseudomonas putida glyoxalase I display a significant reduction of 35-43% in intracellular methylglyoxal and a significant decrease of 30% in extracellular methylglyoxal. Expression of Pseudomonas putida glyoxalase I in transgenic Escherichia coli markedly improves cell growth and results in a 50% increase in 1,3-propanediol production |
| 4.4.1.5 | lactoylglutathione lyase |
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is able to exist in two alternative domain-swapped forms. Active site and an essential metal binding site are disassembled and reassembled by the process of domain swapping. 3D domain swapping can be regulated by a small organic ligand |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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15 putative AC genes present |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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AC8 acts as a low-pass filter for high-frequency Ca2+ events, enhancing the regulatory options available to this signalling pathway |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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ACA has the same architecture as mammalian membrane-bound ACs, is essential for reacting to and production of cAMP. ACG is essential for germination. ACB is required for terminal maturation of spores |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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ACIII is a marker for primary cilia throughout many regions of the adult mouse brain |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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ACT enhances the adhesive functions of filamentous haemagglutinin and modifies the performance of the filamentous haemagglutinin heparin-inhibitable carbohydrate binding site |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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activation of the HCO3-/sAC transduction pathway enhances both cftr gene and CFTR protein expression and appears to be a physiological mechanism whereby the cell adapts to variations in extracellular HCO3- concentration |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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both sAC and tmACs participate in the sperm acrosome reaction and sperm motility |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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Ca2+-stimulated AC regulates If via cAMP, modulation of the If pacemaker current |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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can function as a ion channel |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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class IV AC fold is distinct from the previously described folds for class II and class III ACs |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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compartmentalization of cAMP signalling, cAMP levels change in discrete domains of the cell with discrete local consequences |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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contains a GGDEF domain |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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CyaB1 is composed of two GAF domains, a PAS domain, a CHD and a single tetratricopeptide repeat |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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CyaB2 is composed of two GAF domains, a PAS domain, a CHD and a single tetratricopeptide repeat |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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CyaC consists of a receiver domain, two GAF domains, a histidine kinase domain, another receiver and a CHD |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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endothelin-1 deficiency increases inner medullary collecting duct AC5/6 content, that may synergize with acute endothelin-1 inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated cAMP accumulation |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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essential role of Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated ACs in learning and memory |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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interaction between the N-terminus of AC5 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Ric8a provides a pathway to fine-tune AC5 activity via a Galphai mediated pathway |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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involved in sensing high osmotic pressure |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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is an exotoxin |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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isoform-selective signaling complexes likely contribute to various functional consequences of cAMP elevation in vascular smooth muscle cells. AC1 isoform contributes to modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, proliferation, and control of cell division, whereas AC6, at least partly because of uncoupling of cAMP synthesis from cAMP breakdown, results in sustained cAMP accumulation, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation, and control of cytoskeletal rearrangements that contribute to vascular arborization |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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membrane transitions in cAMP strengthen the endothelial cell barrier, whereas the production of cAMP by soluble AC within the cytosol away from the membrane disrupts the endothelial cell barrier |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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overexpression of AC1 in forebrain enhances long-term potentiation |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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restores adenylate cyclase activity in Escherichia coli knockout mutants |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
more |
Rv0386 shows both adenylyl and a guanylyl cyclase side-activity |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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Rv1120c is a pseudogene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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Rv1264 plays a role in mycobacterial survival in the acidic environment of the pahgolysosome |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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Rv1318c has a HAMP domain |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
more |
Rv1319c has a HAMP domain |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
more |
Rv1320c has aHAMP domain |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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Rv1625c has the highest sequence similarity with the mammalian enzymes |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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Rv1647 adenylyl cyclase has a cyclase domain that is more closely related to fungal and protist cyclases |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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Rv2212 gene has a domain composition identical to that of the AC isoform Rv1264, limited similarity of the N-termini, N-terminal domain of Rv2212 is not autoinhibitory as in Rv1264 |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
more |
Rv3645 has a HAMP domain |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
more |
sAC is localized to motile airway cilia and it contributes to the regulation of human airway ciliary beat frequency in conditions of changing intracellular CO2/HCO3- via production of cAMP |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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senses ional changes in the environment |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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shares high sequence similarity (approximately 62%) with the Drosophila AC39E, enzyme serves in biogenic amine signal transduction cascades and in higher brain functions that contribute to learning and memory of the bee |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
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construction of a fusion between Deinococcus radiodurans bacteriophytochrome linked to Synechocystis sp. guanylate/adenylate cyclase. The construct shows low dark-state activity and high dynamic range that outperforms previous optogenetic tools in vitro |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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biochemical properties of Gyc-88E are unique for guanylate cyclases, the enzyme possibly functions as an oxygen sensor |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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BR1 may belong to a class of guanylate cyclases that contains both a cytosolic kinase and GC domain |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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bronchial smooth muscle cGMP-, but not cAMP-dependent, relaxant response is developmentally regulated and significantly reduced in the adult rat, correlates with the higher expression of the two isoforms and higher activity of sGC in newborn rat bronchial tissue |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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cGMP suppresses pseudopod formation in the back of the cell, whereas the sGC protein refines pseudopod formation at the leading edge |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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coexistence of homologous and heterologous desensitization of GC-A in the same cell type, these reactions are mediated by different pathways, cross talk between phospholipid and natriuretic peptide signaling |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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differences in the effects of ATP on signal transduction of GC-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor A between Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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GCC is involved in cytosolic apical sorting signals in epithelial cells, apical sorting determinant for GCC is a region of 11 highly conserved amino acids (PTPPTVENQQR) in the COOH terminus, which are essential for the normal polarization of GCC in MDCK cells. This sequence is sufficient to selectively target an unpolarized reporter protein, interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain, to the apical membrane |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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intrinsic requirement of guanylate cyclases for stability and/or transport of a set of membrane-associated phototransduction proteins |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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NO-cGMP pathway modulates the neural circuitry in inner retina, preferentially within the cone pathway |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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residues H104, Y140, the YxS/TxR motif and missing cysteines Cys78 and Cys214 are conserved in all the insect atypical sGC subunits |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
more |
residues H104, Y140, the YxS/TxR motif and missing cysteines Cys78 and Cys214 are conserved in all the insect atypical sGC subunits. Atypical sGCs can function as O2 sensors and can modulate sensitivity to sweet tastants |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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segments spanning amino acids alpha1 363-372, alpha1 403-422, alpha1 440-459, beta1 212-222, beta1 304-333, beta1 344-363, and beta1 381-400 within the predicted dimerization region are involved in the process of heterodimerization and therefore in expression of functional sGC |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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sGC has two NO-regulated activity states |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
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two nucleotide-binding sites with high and low affinity for GMP-CPP, one of the two sites constitutes the substrate site responsible for catalysis. The other site is the pseudosymmetric site, which exclusively serves as the binding site for YC-1 or BAY 41-2272 |
| 4.6.1.13 | phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase |
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optimization of PI-PLC binding to substrate-containing vesicles is a balancing act between anchoring the protein in the correct conformation and orientation while also allowing it to dissociate in order to find substrate phospholipids or GPI-anchored proteins by scooting and/or hopping |
| 4.6.1.19 | ribonuclease T2 |
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the enzyme may be an effective target for the intervention of biomaterial colonization, and consequently limit the organisms transmission within the hospital setting |
| 4.6.1.24 | ribonuclease T1 |
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acquisition of male, female or bisexual sterility by transgenic plants with the help of barnase. The enzyme is useful in medical research, overview |
| 4.6.1.24 | ribonuclease T1 |
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the enzyme is useful in medical research, overview |
| 4.98.1.1 | protoporphyrin ferrochelatase |
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C-terminal extension is critical for activity of FeCH and it is strictly required for oligomerization of the enzyme |
| 4.98.1.1 | protoporphyrin ferrochelatase |
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conformational changes in a structurally conserved phi-helix that is predicted to have a central role in product release |
| 4.98.1.1 | protoporphyrin ferrochelatase |
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convergent evolution in prokaryotes |
| 4.98.1.1 | protoporphyrin ferrochelatase |
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convergent evolution in prokaryotes, possesses a cysteine-rich C-terminal extension similar to that of the human enzyme |
| 4.98.1.1 | protoporphyrin ferrochelatase |
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reverse reaction of ferrochelatase, which may contribute to a new route of the recycling of protoporphyrin and heme in cells |
| 5.1.1.5 | lysine racemase |
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the enzyme is used for isotopic labeling of cells |
| 5.1.2.2 | mandelate racemase |
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mandelate racemase from Pseudomonas putida is a promising candidate for the dynamic kinetic resolution of alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acids |
| 5.1.3.8 | N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase |
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the mammalian enzyme is a target for development inhibitors for sialic acid biosynthesis |
| 5.2.1.2 | maleylacetoacetate isomerase |
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knowledge of the GSTz1/MAAI haplotype can be used prospectively to identify individuals at potential risk of dichloroacetates adverse side effects from environmental or clinical exposure or who may exhibit aberrant amino acid metabolism in response to dietary protein |
| 5.3.1.1 | triose-phosphate isomerase |
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the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase occupies a central position in the development of structural and mechanistic enzymology |
| 5.3.1.4 | L-arabinose isomerase |
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additionally, D-tagatose can potentially be used as a prescription drug additive to mask unpleasant tastes, and as a sweetener in toothpaste, mouthwash, and cosmetics such as flavoured lipstick |
| 5.3.1.4 | L-arabinose isomerase |
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additionally, tagatose can potentially be used as a prescription drug additive to mask unpleasant tastes, and as a sweetener in toothpaste, mouthwash, and cosmetics such as flavoured lipstick |
| 5.4.99.11 | isomaltulose synthase |
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in contrast to sucrose, isomaltulose is scarcely fermented by oral microbes and effectively inhibits the formation of water-insoluble glucans, showing that it is particularly suitable as a noncariogenic sucrose replacement |
| 5.4.99.16 | maltose alpha-D-glucosyltransferase |
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physicochemical properties and industrial applications of trehalose, overview. The low energy (<1 kcal/mol) of the alpha,alpha-1,1-glycosidic bond enables trehalose to be the most stable sugar in solutions. In cosmetics, trehalose is in creams and lotions as moisture-retaining agent and storage stability enhancer and suppressor of the odor from active ingredients. In pharmaceuticals, trehalose has had roles in the preservation of tissues and organs for transplantation and cryopreservation of blood stem cells and sperm, with increased cell viability. Trehalose is also reported to have a suppression effect on bone loss. In vivo studies showed trehalose is found to be effective in reducing peptide aggregation and increasing autophagy in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease |
| 5.4.99.16 | maltose alpha-D-glucosyltransferase |
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physicochemical properties and industrial applications of trehalose, overview. The low energy (<1 kcal/mol) of the alpha,alpha-1,1-glycosidic bond enables trehalose to be the most stable sugar in solutions. In cosmetics, trehalose is in creams and lotions as moisture-retaining agent and storage stability enhancer and suppressor of the odor from active ingredients. In pharmaceuticals, trehalose has had roles in the preservation of tissues and organs for transplantation and cryopreservation of blood stem cells and sperm, with increased cell viability. Trehalose is also reported to have a suppression effect on bone loss. In vivo studies showed trehalose was found to be effective in reducing peptide aggregation and increasing autophagy in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease |
| 5.6.1.6 | channel-conductance-controlling ATPase |
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active scorpion venom of Leirus quinquestriatus hebraeus may be used as a tool to study the conformational changes that occur during CFTR gating |
| 5.6.1.6 | channel-conductance-controlling ATPase |
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applicability of ten different antibodies under various fixation techniques for CFTR localization in fresh-brushed nasal epithelia cells collected from cystic fibrosis patients homozygous for F508del and control individuals |
| 5.6.1.6 | channel-conductance-controlling ATPase |
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CFTR is a an ATP-dependent chloride channel, tightly regulated by phosphorylation, two distinct gating modes with one dependent on hydrolysis and the other requiring only stable ATP binding |
| 5.6.1.6 | channel-conductance-controlling ATPase |
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coexpression of CFTR and murine or human epithelial Na+ channel in Xenopus laevis oocytes results in an 3fold increase in CFTR Cl- current, and a reduced amiloride-sensitive current, C-terminal 20 amino acid residues of alpha epithelial Na+ channel functional response to CFTR activation |
| 5.6.1.6 | channel-conductance-controlling ATPase |
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functions as a Cl- channel, important in transepithelial salt and water transport, Cl-channel pore at the first and sixth transmembrane region, positive charges attract Cl- ions into the pore |
| 5.6.1.6 | channel-conductance-controlling ATPase |
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plays a role in cAMP-mediated apical-vasolateral ion and fluid transport |
| 5.6.1.6 | channel-conductance-controlling ATPase |
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reduced sensitivity to activation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase imparted by Ser 768 may serve to ensure activation of wild type CFTR by strong stimuli while dampening responses to weak signals |
| 5.6.1.6 | channel-conductance-controlling ATPase |
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unaltered phosphorylation and ATP dependence of macrosopic current in severed CFTR channels lacking nucleotide-binding domain 1 insertion or extension |
| 6.3.1.2 | glutamine synthetase |
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the enzyme is a tissue marker in central nervous tissue, especially for astrocytes |
| 6.3.1.8 | glutathionylspermidine synthase |
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GSPS is no valuable target for antiparasitic drug development |
| 6.3.1.9 | trypanothione synthase |
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enzyme TRYS is a valuable target for antiparasitic drug development |
| 6.3.2.17 | tetrahydrofolate synthase |
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the enzyme is a viable target for reducing cell wall recalcitrance in plants |
| 7.1.1.2 | NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H+-translocating) |
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an assembled complex IV helps to maintain complex I in mammalian cells |
