1.1.1.118 glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) additional information application in NADPH regeneration for the asymmetric reduction of haloketone by a carbonyl reductase in organic solvent/buffer system 1.1.1.12 L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase additional information covalent immobilization of purified enzyme HjLAD onto glutaraldehyde-activated silicon oxide nanoparticles shows the a high immobilization efficiency of 94.7%, comparative characterization of free and immobilized enzyme HjLAD, including its thermostability and kinetic parameters, overview. Thermostability of immobilized enzyme is 14.2-fold higher than for free HjLAD, the t1/2 of HjLAD at 25°C is enhanced from 190 min (free) to 45 h (immobilized). The immobilized HjLAD retains 94% of its initial activity after 10 cycles. Immobilization efficiencies of HjLAD onto different supports, silicon oxide nanoparticles (4830HT) show the highest efficiency, method optimization, overview 1.1.1.195 cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase additional information CAD is a useful tool to improve lignin digestibility and/or to lower the lignin levels in plants. Enzyme knockout modification targeted directly to block lignin synthesis causes not only reduced lignin level in fibre, but also affects amount and organization of cellulose and pectin. The process of retting in the transgenic straw is more uniform, which might contribute to an improvement in the fibre quality. Such plants can be successfully cultivated in a field 1.1.1.243 carveol dehydrogenase additional information supply of a mixture of (-)-trans- and (-)-cis-carveol to the organism delivers pure (-)-carvone and pure (-)-cis-carveol 1.1.1.267 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase additional information the enzyme is a target for development of antibacterial drugs, determination of the antimicrobial activities of various essential oils against different microbials 1.1.1.28 D-lactate dehydrogenase additional information protocol for undergraduate molecular biology and biochemistry laboratory courses spanning two semesters that is organized around the LdhA gene from the yogurt-fermenting bacterium Lactobacillus bulgaricus, using commercially available yogurt. Curriculum starts with cloning the LdhA gene into a prokaryotic expression vector, followed by mRNA isolation and characterization of recombinant gene expression levels using RT-PCR. The biochemistry module begins with overexpression of the cloned LdhA gene and guides students through the process of affinity purification, biochemical characterization of the purified LdhA protein, and analysis of enzyme kinetics using various substrates and an inhibitor, concluding with a guided inquiry investigation of structure-function relationships in the three-dimensional structure of LdhA using molecular visualization software 1.1.1.3 homoserine dehydrogenase additional information HOM6 deletion reduces Candida albicans cell adhesion to polystyrene, which is a common plastic used in many medical devices 1.1.1.306 S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase additional information thiol formation and detection of MSH-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in cell extracts are relevant to the possible modulation of nitric oxide toxicity generated by strain NRRL 5646 1.1.1.31 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase additional information 3-HIBADH may play a role in biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionate as a biological source 1.1.1.324 8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase additional information plant (4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactone can be used for synthesis of (4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactol, an aphid pheromone, useful in aphid control 1.1.1.42 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) additional information IDPm siRNA functions as a potentially useful agent for targeting chemo- and radio-resistant hypoxic cells within solid tumors through inhibition of HIF-1alpha expression 1.1.1.42 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) additional information future clinical and bioengineering applications of hICDH can be in the development of techniques to regulate the growth of glioblastomas and to capture and store carbon dioxide 1.1.1.422 pseudoephedrine dehydrogenase additional information both (R,S)-(-)-ephedrine and (S,S)-(+)-pseudoephedrine are constituents of various over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and are also used as decongestants and stimulants. Arthrobacter sp. TS-15 and its isolated ephedrine-oxidizing enzymes have potential for use in decontamination and synthetic applications 1.1.1.43 phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase additional information usage of isozymes as marker for chromosome identification and evaluation of introgression of genes in apomictic mode of reproduction of Tripsacum dactyloides into Zea mays 1.1.1.44 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP+-dependent, decarboxylating) additional information the enzyme can be used for power production in biobatteries. Mutant N32E/R33I/T34I versus the wild-type 6PGDH are evaluated electrochemically in an anodic reaction system containing two enzymes: 6PGDH and diaphorase, a coenzyme (NADP+ or NAD+), an electron mediator AQDS, and a 6-phosphogluconate substrate. Cyclic voltammetry results clearly show that both enzymes produce significant oxidation current peaks at -0.3 V versus Ag/AgCl. The mutant N32E/R33I/T34I exhibits a current density 25% higher than that generated by the wild-type 1.1.1.49 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) additional information evaluation and optimization of enzyme production in Candida guilliermondii, modeling, overview 1.1.1.49 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) additional information because isoenzyme replacement of G6PDH in the cytosol of tobacco is beneficial under various kinds of cues, this strategy may be a tool to enhance stress tolerance in general 1.1.1.49 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) additional information loss of cytosolic G6PDH activity affects the metabolism of developing seeds by increasing carbon substrates for synthesis of storage compounds rather than by decreasing the NADPH supply specifically for fatty acid synthesis 1.1.1.80 isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+) additional information the enzyme is an ideal candidate biocatalyst in the construction of coenzyme regeneration system and the enzymatic bioconversion of high value alcohols or other compounds 1.1.2.4 D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) additional information carbon paste electrode-based biosensor with immobilized D-LCR seems to be optimal for analysis, representing significant advantage due to simplification of the whole device, i.e., the sensor exerts lower limit of detection under supposed concentration of D-lactate in real samples, low material demands, simplicity of D-LCR biosensor and short total time of analysis of about 2 min, pointing at the sensor possibilities in commercial applications 1.1.3.17 choline oxidase additional information enzyme is of both biotechnological and medical interest, since glycine betaine can be accumulated in the cytoplasm of cells to prevent dehydration and plasmolysis in adverse hyperosmotic environments in pathogenic bacteria 1.1.3.4 glucose oxidase additional information GOx bioactive paper is fabricated, which can potentially be used as food packaging paper 1.1.3.4 glucose oxidase additional information despite the broad range of applications for glucose oxidase, the effectiveness of glucose oxidase is restricted by the narrow substrate range of this enzyme and susceptibility to H2O2 inactivation 1.1.3.5 hexose oxidase additional information the enzyme is a good candidate for bioelectrochemical applications. Electrochemical study of electron transfer reactions and bioelectrocatalysis of glucose oxidation by enzyme HOX immobilized on graphite electrodes 1.1.3.7 aryl-alcohol oxidase additional information a two-enzyme system comprising a dye decolorizing peroxidase (DyP, EC 1.11.1.19) from Mycetinis scorodonius and the Pleurotus sapidus AAO enzyme is successfully employed to bleach the anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 5. The aryl-alcohol oxidase provides the required H2O2 1.1.5.5 alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone) additional information applications of PQQ-ADH in bioelectrocatalyst for biosensors and biofuel cells, amperometric determination of ethanol is a potential application for the PQQ-ADH electrode, overview 1.1.5.5 alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone) additional information applications of PQQ-ADH in bioelectrocatalyst for biosensors and biofuel cells, amperometric determination of ethanol is a potential application for the PQQ-ADH electrode, overview. Development of a DET-based biofuel system by combination of electrodes coated with FAD-dependent fructose dehydrogenase of Gluconobacter sp. as an anode and laccase of mushroom as a cathode 1.1.7.1 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase additional information contains three open reading frames coding for proteins with very high similiarities to 4-HBCR from Thauera aromatica with 85%, 70% and 91% identities respectively 1.10.3.1 catechol oxidase additional information the enzyme needs to be inactivated in wine production from grape must, since it causes undesirable color and turbidity modifications, which can change the stability and organoleptic characteristics of grape juice and musts, overview 1.10.3.1 catechol oxidase additional information tyrosinase is an important enzyme in the food industry because during the processing of fruits and vegetables any wounding may cause cell disruption and lead to quinone formation, the enzymatic browning implies a considerable economic loss in the commercial production of fruits and vegetables, the appearance of food and beverages may be affected, as may the taste and its nutritional value, often decreasing the quality of the final product 1.10.3.2 laccase additional information the enzyme is useful in decolorization of azo dyes, method optimization, overview 1.10.3.2 laccase additional information environmental protection, potential application of waste water cyanobacterial bloom and dyeing effluent as a medium for laccase production by Coriolus versicolor strain MTCC138 1.10.3.2 laccase additional information environmental protection: laccases are of interest in the field of bioremediation because of their ability to oxidize both phenolic and nonphenolic lignin-related compounds, as well as environmental pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, and certain explosives 1.10.3.2 laccase additional information laccases are versatile biocatalysts with various potential biotechnological applications, e.g. the treatment of industrial waste waters, the detoxification of environmental pollutants, or the functionalization of renewable polymeric materials 1.10.3.2 laccase additional information the enzyme may be used in a variety of biotechnological applications, including textile dye bleaching, pulp bleaching, bioremediation, polymer synthesis and biosensors 1.10.3.2 laccase additional information usage of thermotolerant laccase from Bacillus sp. for biodegradation of synthetic dyes, overview 1.10.3.2 laccase additional information pulp biobleaching 1.11.1.12 phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase additional information an assay for sperm PHGPx activity emerges as a unique tool to evaluate semen quality for sire selection 1.11.1.12 phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase additional information comparative analysis of invertebrate GPx genes provides information evidence to support the modular pathways of GPx evolution, which have been accompanied with sporadic expansion-deletion and exon-intron remodeling, the study would be beneficial to get detailed insights into the complex GPx evolution, and to understand the molecular basis of the specialized physiological implications of the antioxidant system in their respective organisms 1.11.1.13 manganese peroxidase additional information maganese peroxidase (MnP) has a great application potential and ample opportunities in diverse area, such as alcohol, pulp and paper, biofuel, agriculture, cosmetic, textile, and food industries detailed overview 1.11.1.13 manganese peroxidase additional information maganese peroxidase (MnP) has a great application potential and ample opportunities in diverse area, such as alcohol, pulp and paper, biofuel, agriculture, cosmetic, textile, and food industries, detailed overview 1.11.1.13 manganese peroxidase additional information maganese peroxidase (MnP) has a great application potential and ample opportunities in diverse area, such as alcohol, pulp and paper, biofuel,agriculture, cosmetic, textile, and food industries, detailed overview 1.11.1.13 manganese peroxidase additional information the recombinant isotzyme MnP3 from Cerrena unicolor strain BBP6, rMnP3-BBP6, has promising biotechnological application potential in textile industries and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation 1.11.1.14 lignin peroxidase additional information lignin peroxidase has a broad spectrum of potential industrial and biotechnological applications attributed by its non-specific catalytic mechanism towards a variety of substrates. The use of LiP may provide a cost-effective, efficient and greener route for the transformation of biomass into second-generation (2 G) biofuels and other high-value green biochemicals, and thus effectively improve the economics of biorefineries. This biocatalyst can be applied in diverse industries such as pulp and paper mills, biofuels, food and feed, pharmaceuticals and also serve as a bioremediation agent, overview 1.11.1.14 lignin peroxidase additional information peroxidases are well-known biocatalysts produced by all organisms, especially microorganisms, and used in a number of biotechnological applications 1.11.1.16 versatile peroxidase additional information peroxidases are well-known biocatalysts produced by all organisms, especially microorganisms, and used in a number of biotechnological applications 1.11.1.19 dye decolorizing peroxidase additional information AnaPX is a useful alternative of horseradish peroxidase or fungal DyPs 1.11.1.19 dye decolorizing peroxidase additional information DyP-type peroxidases are interesting for applications in the waste treatment sector 1.11.1.19 dye decolorizing peroxidase additional information nonpurified crude recombinant DyP can be a useful candidate for development as a practical biocatalyst in colored wastewater treatment 1.11.1.19 dye decolorizing peroxidase additional information the increased stability of Anabaena sp. DyP variants coupled with the broad substrate specificity can be potentially useful for the further practical application of these enzymes especially in bioremediation of wastewater contaminated with recalcitrant anthraquinone dyes 1.11.1.19 dye decolorizing peroxidase additional information the enzyme can be used as biocatalyst for flavor production 1.11.1.6 catalase additional information the level of catalase activity in fat body may be a reliable biochemical index to recognize thermotolerant breeds in order to develop resistant hybrids for tropical areas 1.11.2.1 unspecific peroxygenase additional information Agrocybe aegerita peroxygenase is a particularly potent biocatalyst that fills the gap between cytochrome P450s and common heme peroxidases 1.13.11.12 linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase additional information the manipulating of the expression of the LOX gene may provide a basis for advancing both the fundamental and applied biology of rice 1.13.11.12 linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase additional information the enzyme can be used for decolorization purposes in pulp, textile, and wastewater treatment industries 1.13.12.5 Renilla-type luciferase additional information detection of tumor cells bearing a particular surface marker 1.13.12.5 Renilla-type luciferase additional information Gluc reporter as a sensitive marker in elucidation endoplasmic reticulum stress in mammalian cells 1.13.12.5 Renilla-type luciferase additional information imaging of T cells in the context of a competent immune system, bioluminescent imaging 1.13.12.5 Renilla-type luciferase additional information monitor processing of proteins through the secretory pathway and endoplasmic reticulum 1.13.12.5 Renilla-type luciferase additional information visualize proteins being secreted by exocytosis 1.13.12.7 firefly luciferase additional information the combined mutant luciferase, which has high luminescence intensity, will be useful for detecting bacteria with high sensitivity in production safety tests 1.14.11.65 [histone H3]-dimethyl-L-lysine9 demethylase additional information LSD1 is a rational target for inducing the reexpression of aberrantly silenced genes 1.14.11.9 flavanone 3-dioxygenase additional information F3H gene may be used as biomarker in tea breeding programs and genetic engineering to improve tea quality 1.14.13.50 pentachlorophenol monooxygenase additional information the enzyme can be used for development of a model system for the study of recent evolution of catabolic pathways among bacteria that degrade xenobiotic molecules introduced into the environment during the recent past 1.14.13.7 phenol 2-monooxygenase (NADPH) additional information potential application of LmPH as a molecular marker for the phylogenetic analysis of phenol-degrading strains 1.14.13.84 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase additional information as acylcatechols are valuable synthons for the fine chemical industry, HAPMO might develop as a useful biocatalytic tool 1.14.13.84 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase additional information potential of HAPMO for biotechnological applications 1.14.14.1 unspecific monooxygenase additional information the Cyt P450 monooxygenases can be utilized in the bioremediation of pollutants, as these enzymes convert chemically inert compounds to more water-soluble, hydroxylated derivatives, which may be suitable substrates for many other enzymes 1.14.14.1 unspecific monooxygenase additional information the enzyme is a target for improving the catalytic performance of P450 BM-3 toward nonnatural substrates of industrial importance in the presence of organic solvents or cosolvents for industrial applications 1.14.14.1 unspecific monooxygenase additional information the use of genetically engineered herbicide resistant plants is one of the most effective ways for broomrape control, since the parasitic plant damages the agriculturally important tobacco plants in Bulgaria, overview 1.14.14.1 unspecific monooxygenase additional information right immobilization conditions are important for developing a catalytically active P450 based biosensor 1.14.14.1 unspecific monooxygenase additional information rhubarb may be the most appropriate plant for the phytotreatment of organic pollutants by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-catalysed reactions 1.14.14.22 dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase additional information TdsA shows higher activity toward bulkier substrates than its mesophilic counterpart, DszA. These properties suggest the applicability of biodesulfmizatfon to the processing of actual petroleum fractions 1.14.14.81 flavanoid 3',5'-hydroxylase additional information understanding the regulation of flavonoid hydroxylases could be used to modify flavonoid composition of fruits 1.14.14.81 flavanoid 3',5'-hydroxylase additional information introduction of the F3'5'H gene encoding flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase can produce delphinidin in various flowers such as roses and carnations, turning the flower color purple or violet. Blue chrysanthemum is produced by introducing the A3'5'GT gene encoding anthocyanin 3',5'-O-glucosyltransferase, in addition to F3'5'H encoding flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, into the host plant. The B-ring glucosylated delphinidin-based anthocyanin that is synthesized by the two transgenes develops blue coloration by co-pigmentation with colorless flavone glycosides naturally present in the ray floret of chrysanthemum 1.14.14.81 flavanoid 3',5'-hydroxylase additional information two transgenes, namely, CamF3'5'H and CtA3'5'GT, are enough to generate blue chrysanthemum: The 3',5'-diglucosylated delphinidin exhibits a blue color by intermolecular association with flavone glucosides under the weakly acidic pH conditions of general flower petals 1.14.14.82 flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase additional information understanding the regulation of flavonoid hydroxylases could be used to modify flavonoid composition of fruits 1.14.14.94 leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase additional information induction of CYP4F3 may play a role in the development of benzene hematotoxicity and serve as a biomarker of benzene exposure 1.14.15.1 camphor 5-monooxygenase additional information P450cam is not an antifungal target, but is an excellent model in which to study the phenomenon of drug resistance 1.14.15.1 camphor 5-monooxygenase additional information knowledge of the conformational landscape is central to understanding P450 activity, which has important practical ramifications for the design of therapeutics with optimized pharmacokinetics, and the manipulation of P450s, and possibly other enzymes, for biotechnological applications 1.14.15.3 alkane 1-monooxygenase additional information the enzyme is useful in a whole-cell biotransformation system by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli to regioselectively synthesize 2,2-, 3,3- and 4,4-difluorooctan-1-ols, from simple and inexpensive starting materials, method evaluation, overview 1.14.15.4 steroid 11beta-monooxygenase additional information assays can be used for assessing the potency and selectivity of CYP11B2 inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure 1.14.16.4 tryptophan 5-monooxygenase additional information enhancement of L-tryptophan hydroxylation activity of L-phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase from Chromobacterium violaceum using information on the crystal structures of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases including TPH 1.14.17.4 aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase additional information potential of 2-aminooxyisobutyric acid as a preservative for carnations and other ornamentals, in which ethylene plays a key role in the induction of senescence, by inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase. 2-aminooxyisobutyric acid at 1 mM causes 91.5% reduction of maximum ethylene production rate as compared to the control in cut Excerea carnation flowers undergoing senescence, thereby lengthening their vase life to 7 d from 3 d of the control flowers. The compound also extends significantly the vase life of cut flowers of Pax carnation, and tends to do so in Primero Mango carnation. Suppression of flower senescence, overview 1.14.18.1 tyrosinase additional information phenoloxidase inhibitors are increasingly used in medicinal and cosmetic products 1.14.18.1 tyrosinase additional information tyrosinase is an important enzyme in the food industry because during the processing of fruits and vegetables any wounding may cause cell disruption and lead to quinone formation, the enzymatic browning implies a considerable economic loss in the commercial production of fruits and vegetables, the appearance of food and beverages may be affected, as may the taste and its nutritional value, often decreasing the quality of the final product 1.14.18.1 tyrosinase additional information when applied in various cross-linking reactions the tyrosinase is able to cross-link casein and gelatin in the absence of a phenolic compound, showing potential for application in the food industry and for the production of biomaterials 1.14.18.1 tyrosinase additional information when applied in various cross-linking reactions the tyrosinase is able to cross-link casein and gelatine in the absence of a phenolic compound, showing potential forapplication in the food industry and for the production of biomaterials 1.14.19.62 secologanin synthase additional information involved in vindoline biosynthesis 1.14.20.4 anthocyanidin synthase additional information the specific primer pairs developed for rye ABP genes represent effective rye chromosome-specific markers and can be used for chromosome identification in wheat-rye hybrids 1.14.20.5 flavone synthase I additional information down-regulation by RNAi results in flavone depleted roots 1.14.20.5 flavone synthase I additional information down-regulation by RNAi results in significantly reduced nodulation when inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti 1.14.99.24 steroid 9alpha-monooxygenase additional information strain NwIB-01 can be applied as excellent phytosterols-transformation strains in potential industrial applications 1.14.99.39 ammonia monooxygenase additional information The amoA gene, encoding the catalytic alpha-subunit of the AMO enzyme, is widely used as a genetic marker to detect ammonia-oxidizing bacteria 1.14.99.66 [histone H3]-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine4 FAD-dependent demethylase additional information LSD1 is a rational target for inducing the reexpression of aberrantly silenced genes 1.15.1.1 superoxide dismutase additional information the highly thermostable enzyme DaSOD might be useful for preventing the oxidation of refrigerated or frozen foods, as well as in the preparation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products 1.17.4.1 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase additional information the enzyme is a target for drug design against the parasite 1.2.1.105 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase system additional information alpha-ketoglutarate-involving reactions belong to the backbone of high-flux reactions, which is rather conserved in evolution 1.2.1.105 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase system additional information in post-mortem mice brain samples the activity is quickly lost, whereas the activity of another TPP-dependent enzyme, PDH, remains unalterd for at least 24 h 1.2.1.11 aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase additional information enzyme is an attractive target for development of antibacterial, fungicidal, or herbicidal compounds