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Literature summary extracted from
- Functional characterization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase during developmental stages and under various stress conditions in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) (2016), BioResources, 11, 105-125.
No PubMed abstract available
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | gene cad1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree | Hibiscus cannabinus |
| 1.1.1.195 | gene cad2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21 | Hibiscus cannabinus |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | 0.01425 | - |
cinnamaldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus |  |
| 1.1.1.195 | 0.0282 | - |
coniferyl aldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
| 1.1.1.195 | 0.0471 | - |
sinapyl aldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | cytoplasm | the enzyme contains no N-terminal targeting sequence | Hibiscus cannabinus | 5737 | - |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | Zn2+ | required | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
| 1.1.1.195 | Zn2+ | required, Zn1 binding sequence is GHE(X)2G(X)5G(X)2V located at amino acid residues 68-82, and Zn2 binding sequence GD(X)9,10C(X)2C(X)2(X)7C located at amino acid residues 88-114, structural zinc coordinated residue are Cys100, Cys103, Cys106, and Cys114 | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | 38660 | - |
- |
Hibiscus cannabinus |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+ | Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| 1.1.1.195 | coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+ | Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.195 | sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+ | Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | Hibiscus cannabinus | A0A0U1ZF25 | CAD2 | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | Hibiscus cannabinus | D9ZKR7 | CAD1 | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21 by nickel affinity chromatography | Hibiscus cannabinus |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | flower | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | flower | highest CAD1 expression level in mature flowers | Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | leaf | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | additional information | CAD expression pattern during different developmental stages, overview. HcCAD2 expression level is always higher than the expression level of HcCAD1. High expression levels in early stages of stem development and in mature stage of flowers development | Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | petiole | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | root | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | seedling | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | stem | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
| 1.1.1.195 | stem | highest CAD2 expression level in stems | Hibiscus cannabinus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| 1.1.1.195 | coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.195 | additional information | coniferylaldehyde and sinapylaldehyde are the preferred substrates | Hibiscus cannabinus | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.1.1.195 | sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | sinapyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | ? | x * 38660, sequence calculation | Hibiscus cannabinus |
| 1.1.1.195 | More | enzyme structure analysis, overview | Hibiscus cannabinus |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus |
| 1.1.1.195 | HcCAD1 | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus |
| 1.1.1.195 | HcCAD2 | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | 30 | - |
recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus |
Temperature Range [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | 18 | 60 | activity range, profile overview | Hibiscus cannabinus |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| EC Number | Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | 1437 | - |
cinnamaldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
| 1.1.1.195 | 7564 | - |
coniferyl aldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
| 1.1.1.195 | 9368 | - |
sinapyl aldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | 6 | - |
recombinant enzyme, aldehyde reduction | Hibiscus cannabinus |
pH Range
| EC Number | pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | 5.5 | 8.5 | activity range, the enzyme is completely inactive at pH 5.0 and pH 9.0, profile overview | Hibiscus cannabinus |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | NADP+ | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | |
| 1.1.1.195 | NADPH | - |
Hibiscus cannabinus | |
| 1.1.1.195 | NADPH | NADPH binding sequence GXG(X)2G | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
pI Value
| EC Number | Organism | Comment | pI Value Maximum | pI Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | Hibiscus cannabinus | sequence calculation | - |
5.34 |
Expression
| EC Number | Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | Hibiscus cannabinus | methyljasmonate, and drought stress suppress CAD1 expression | down |
| 1.1.1.195 | Hibiscus cannabinus | wounding, methyljasmonate, and cold stress suppress CAD1 expression | down |
| 1.1.1.195 | Hibiscus cannabinus | H2O2 and drought stress, and slightly also abscisic acid induce CAD1 expression | up |
| 1.1.1.195 | Hibiscus cannabinus | wounding, cold, H2O2, salt, and drought stresses, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid induce CAD1 expression | up |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | metabolism | enzyme CAD is involved in the lignin biosynthesis. CAD converts cinnamylaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in the final step of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway and is a key enzyme in the pathway. The monolignol biosynthesis is the first major step in lignin biosynthesis, and crosslinkage of monolignols by perocidases and laccases is the second major step | Hibiscus cannabinus |
| 1.1.1.195 | additional information | lignin and sugar content and composition during stem development, overview | Hibiscus cannabinus |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| EC Number | kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.195 | 100800 | - |
cinnamaldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
| 1.1.1.195 | 198900 | - |
sinapyl aldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
| 1.1.1.195 | 268200 | - |
coniferyl aldehyde | pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Hibiscus cannabinus | |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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