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Literature summary extracted from
- Isolation, cloning and characterization of a tyrosinase with improved activity in organic solvents from Bacillus megaterium (2009), J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 17, 188-200.
Activating Compound
| EC Number | Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 2-propanol | activity is enhanced in the presence of 10-50% (v/v) | Priestia megaterium |  |
| 1.14.18.1 | DMSO | activity is enhanced in the presence of 10-50% (v/v), the activity in 30% (v/v) DMSO is 170% of the activity in water and the enantioselectivity towards L-DOPA decreases by 40% | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | ethanol | activity is enhanced in the presence of 10-50% (v/v) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | methanol | activity is enhanced in the presence of 10-50% (v/v), the residual activity following an incubation period of 17 h in 0-70% methanol is constant | Priestia megaterium | |
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells | Priestia megaterium |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | beta-mercaptoethanol | complete inhibition at 1.0 mM | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | EDTA | 27% inhibition at 1.0 mM | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glutathione | complete inhibition at 1.0 mM | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate | complete inhibition at 1.0 mM | Priestia megaterium | |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.075 | - |
L-tyrosine | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.35 | - |
L-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.73 | - |
L-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), with 30% (v/v) DMSO | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 1.18 | - |
D-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 1.7 | - |
D-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), with 30% (v/v) DMSO | Priestia megaterium | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 31000 | - |
gel filtration | Priestia megaterium |
| 1.14.18.1 | 35000 | - |
SDS-PAGE | Priestia megaterium |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | Priestia megaterium | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | Ni2+-bound affinity column chromatography, gel filtration | Priestia megaterium |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | (+)-catechin + O2 | 60.8% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (+/-)-catechin + O2 | 58.7% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 2 catechol + O2 | 10.3% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | 2 1,2-benzoquinone + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 3-aminophenol + O2 | 3.9% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | caffeic acid + O2 | 60.9% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | caffeoyl quinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | chlorogenic acid + O2 | 20.1% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | D-DOPA + O2 | 34.0% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | D-dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | D-tyrosine + O2 | 20.3% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | D-dopa + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | DL-DOPA + O2 | 78% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | DL-dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | DL-tyrosine + O2 | 20.6% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | DL-DOPA + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | epicatechin + O2 | 23.4% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-Dopa + O2 | 100% activity | Priestia megaterium | L-dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + O2 | 35.6% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | L-DOPA + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | vanillic acid, 1-naphthol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and resorcinol are no substrates for tyrosinase | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | o-coumaric acid + O2 | less than 1% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | p-coumaric acid + O2 | 6.1% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | caffeic acid + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | p-hydroxybenzoic acid + O2 | less than 1% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | phenol + O2 | less than 1% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | phloroglucin + O2 | 1.6% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | pyrogallol + O2 | 99.9% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyramine + O2 | 2.5% activity compared to L-DOPA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | monomer | 1 * 31000, gel filtration | Priestia megaterium |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Priestia megaterium |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 50 | - |
the maximum activity for both monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase is observed at 50°C | Priestia megaterium |
Temperature Range [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 10 | 70 | - |
Priestia megaterium |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 50 | 70 | the enzyme is fully stable below 50°C, but rapidly loses its activity at 70°C | Priestia megaterium |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| EC Number | Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 2.5 | - |
L-tyrosine | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 6 | - |
D-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 10.1 | - |
L-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 12.12 | - |
D-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), with 30% (v/v) DMSO | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 21.3 | - |
L-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), with 30% (v/v) DMSO | Priestia megaterium | |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 7 | - |
the maximum activity for both monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase is observed at pH 7.0 | Priestia megaterium |
pH Range
| EC Number | pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 4 | 7 | for diphenolase activity of tyrosinase | Priestia megaterium |
| 1.14.18.1 | 4 | 10 | for monophenolase activity of tyrosinase | Priestia megaterium |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| EC Number | kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 5.1 | - |
D-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 7.1 | - |
D-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), with 30% (v/v) DMSO | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 28.9 | - |
L-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 29.2 | - |
L-Dopa | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), with 30% (v/v) DMSO | Priestia megaterium | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 32.9 | - |
L-tyrosine | in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) | Priestia megaterium | |
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