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Literature summary for 6.3.2.18 extracted from
- An in vitro characterization of gamma-glutamylhistamine synthetase: a novel enzyme catalyzing histamine metabolism in the central nervous system of the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica (1982), J. Neurochem., 38, 204-214.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| dithiothreitol | essential for activity | Aplysia californica |  |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-hydroxytryptamine | effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 92% | Aplysia californica | |
| 5-methoxytryptamine | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 87% | Aplysia californica | |
| DL-octopamine | effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 91% | Aplysia californica | |
| dopamine | effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 84% | Aplysia californica | |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 13% | Aplysia californica | |
| L-norepinephrine | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 73% | Aplysia californica | |
| additional information | neither L-histidine nor Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine itself have any inhibitory effect on Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine formation. In addition, the dipeptides carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine also have little effect on histamine utilization. Taurine, putrescine, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan display no inhibitory activity | Aplysia californica | |
| N-acetylserotonin | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 11% | Aplysia californica | |
| noradrenaline | 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 73% | Aplysia californica | |
| serotonin | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 92% | Aplysia californica | |
| tryptamine | 1 mM completely inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine | Aplysia californica | |
| tyramine | 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 94%; 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 94% | Aplysia californica | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.653 | - |
histamine | at pH 8.0 and 37°C | Aplysia californica | |
| 10.6 | - |
L-glutamate | at pH 8.0 and 37°C | Aplysia californica | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | essential for activity | Aplysia californica | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + L-glutamate + histamine | Aplysia californica | - |
products of ATP breakdown + Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine | - |
? | |
| additional information | Aplysia californica | D-glutamate is 5% as effective as the L-isomer. The HA-acceptor activity of glutamine, glutathione, and alpha-L-glutamyl-L-alanine is 1/50 that of L-glutamate. L-aspartate is used as substrate at 1% the rate of L-glutamate | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aplysia californica | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| ganglion | ganglia, nerve trunks, and the capsule surrounding the ganglion have the highest enzyme activity | Aplysia californica | - |
| heart | less than 10% enzyme activity in heart compared to ganglia | Aplysia californica | - |
| hemolymph | less than 10% enzyme activity in hemolymph compared to ganglia | Aplysia californica | - |
| muscle | less than 10% enzyme activity in muscle compared to ganglia | Aplysia californica | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + L-glutamate + histamine | - |
Aplysia californica | products of ATP breakdown + Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine | - |
? | |
| additional information | D-glutamate is 5% as effective as the L-isomer. The HA-acceptor activity of glutamine, glutathione, and alpha-L-glutamyl-L-alanine is 1/50 that of L-glutamate. L-aspartate is used as substrate at 1% the rate of L-glutamate | Aplysia californica | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| gamma-GHA synthetase | - |
Aplysia californica |
| gamma-Glutamylhistamine synthetase | - |
Aplysia californica |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | - |
- |
Aplysia californica |
Temperature Range [°C]
| Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | 41 | incubation at 37°C yields more than 90% of maximal activity at 41°C | Aplysia californica |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | - |
- |
Aplysia californica |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 9 | enzyme activity decreases from optimum at pH 8.0 to less than 10% at pH 6.0, and to 25% of maximum at pH 9.0 | Aplysia californica |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | the requirement for ATP cannot be replaced with ADP, AMP, or GTP | Aplysia californica | |
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