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Literature summary for 6.3.1.2 extracted from
- Gene expression, cellular localisation and function of glutamine synthetase isozymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2008), Plant Mol. Biol., 67, 89-105.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, ten GS sequences are classified into four subfamilies: GS2 a, b and c, GS1 a, b and c, GSr 1 and 2, and GSe 1 and 2, isozyme sequence comparison, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis. Functional complementation of a haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Dgln1, Gln-auxotroph and generated from the diploid yeast Y25454 | Triticum aestivum |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chloroplast | the plastidic isozyme contains a transit peptide | Triticum aestivum | 9507 | - |
| cytosol | during leaf senescence the cytosolic isozymes GS1 and GSr are the predominant forms | Triticum aestivum | 5829 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | - |
Triticum aestivum |  |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38660 | - |
x * 38660, sequence calculation, isozyme GSr2 | Triticum aestivum |
| 38730 | - |
x * 38730, sequence calculation, isozyme GSr1 | Triticum aestivum |
| 39200 | - |
x * 39200, sequence calculation, isozyme GS1a | Triticum aestivum |
| 39210 | - |
x * 39210, sequence calculation, isozyme GS1a | Triticum aestivum |
| 39240 | - |
x * 39240, sequence calculation, isozyme GS1c | Triticum aestivum |
| 39470 | - |
x * 39470, sequence calculation, isozyme GSe2 | Triticum aestivum |
| 39480 | - |
x * 39480, sequence calculation, isozyme GSe1 | Triticum aestivum |
| 41710 | - |
x * 46640, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2b, x * 41710, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2b | Triticum aestivum |
| 41760 | - |
x * 46690, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2a, x * 41760, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2a | Triticum aestivum |
| 41770 | - |
x * 46700, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2c, x * 41770, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2c | Triticum aestivum |
| 46640 | - |
x * 46640, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2b, x * 41710, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2b | Triticum aestivum |
| 46690 | - |
x * 46690, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2a, x * 41760, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2a | Triticum aestivum |
| 46700 | - |
x * 46700, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2c, x * 41770, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2c | Triticum aestivum |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + L-glutamate + NH3 | Triticum aestivum | GS sub-families vary during leaf development and senescence, overview | ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine | - |
? | |
| ATP + L-glutamate + NH3 | Triticum aestivum | GS sub-families vary during leaf development and senescence, overview. The cytosolic isozymes GS1 and GSr, dominant enzyme forms during leaf senescence, play major roles in assimilating ammonia during the critical phases of remobilisation of nitrogen to the grain, overview | ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Triticum aestivum | Q45NB2 | isozyme GS2c; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q45NB3 | isozyme GS2b; cv. Cadenza, contains 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q45NB4 | isozyme GS2a; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q45NB5 | isozyme GS1c; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q45NB6 | isozyme GS1b; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q45NB7 | isozyme GS1a; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q6RUI9 | isozyme GSe2; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q6RUJ0 | isozyme GSe1; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q6RUJ1 | isozyme GSr2; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
| Triticum aestivum | Q6RUJ2 | isozyme GSr1; cv. Cadenza, 10 genes from 4 subfamilies, from hexaploid wheat | - |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| leaf | - |
Triticum aestivum | - |
| additional information | GS1 mRNA is detected in all tissues, with transcripts being most abundant in glume and flag leaf tissue and least abundant in seedling leaves, detection by immunohistochemic analysis and in situ hybridization, overview | Triticum aestivum | - |
| additional information | GS2 mRNA is detected in all wheat tissues examined, with the highest level in mature leaf and peduncle tissues, to a lesser extent in photosynthetic glumes and with some expression in the root, detection by immunohistochemic analysis and in situ hybridization, overview | Triticum aestivum | - |
| additional information | GSr transcripts are prevalent in glume and root tissue but lower levels occur in leaf tissue especially at a young developmental stage, detection by immunohistochemic analysis and in situ hybridization, overview | Triticum aestivum | - |
| additional information | the level of GSe mRNA is very low without prevalence for any tissue, detection by immunohistochemic analysis and in situ hybridization, overview | Triticum aestivum | - |
| root | - |
Triticum aestivum | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + L-glutamate + NH3 | - |
Triticum aestivum | ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine | - |
? | |
| ATP + L-glutamate + NH3 | GS sub-families vary during leaf development and senescence, overview | Triticum aestivum | ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine | - |
? | |
| ATP + L-glutamate + NH3 | GS sub-families vary during leaf development and senescence, overview. The cytosolic isozymes GS1 and GSr, dominant enzyme forms during leaf senescence, play major roles in assimilating ammonia during the critical phases of remobilisation of nitrogen to the grain, overview | Triticum aestivum | ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 38660, sequence calculation, isozyme GSr2 | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 38730, sequence calculation, isozyme GSr1 | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 39200, sequence calculation, isozyme GS1a | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 39210, sequence calculation, isozyme GS1a | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 39240, sequence calculation, isozyme GS1c | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 39470, sequence calculation, isozyme GSe2 | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 39480, sequence calculation, isozyme GSe1 | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 46640, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2b, x * 41710, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2b | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 46690, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2a, x * 41760, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2a | Triticum aestivum |
| ? | x * 46700, sequence calculation, isozyme GS2c, x * 41770, sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2c | Triticum aestivum |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| Glutamine synthetase | - |
Triticum aestivum |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | - |
assay at | Triticum aestivum |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.6 | - |
assay at | Triticum aestivum |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Triticum aestivum | |
pI Value
| Organism | Comment | pI Value Maximum | pI Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2c | - |
4.96 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2b | - |
5.14 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, mature peptide of isozyme GS2c | - |
5.14 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GSr2 | - |
5.34 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GSr1 | - |
5.35 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GS1a | - |
5.41 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GS1c | - |
5.41 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GS2a | - |
5.42 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GSe1 | - |
5.53 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GSe2 | - |
5.66 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GS2c | - |
5.75 |
| Triticum aestivum | sequence calculation, isozyme GS2b | - |
6.04 |
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