Literature summary for 5.1.1.5 extracted from

Chen, I.C.; Thiruvengadam, V.; Lin, W.D.; Chang, H.H.; Hsu, W.H.
Lysine racemase: a novel non-antibiotic selectable marker for plant transformation (2010), Plant Mol. Biol., 72, 153-169.

Search for more literature for 5.1.1.5

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
biotechnology	enzyme is a novel non-antibiotic selectable marker for plant transformation	uncultured bacterium

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
transformation of the lyr gene in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana plants by means of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 and GV3101, transgenic plants produce normal roots that penetrate into the selection medium and are healthy, the Lyr gene is found to be expressed as a protein in all the transgenic lines	uncultured bacterium

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da]	Molecular Weight Maximum [Da]	Comment	Organism
43000	-	determined by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis	uncultured bacterium

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
L-lysine	uncultured bacterium	-	D-lysine	D-lysine is used by the transgenic plants as nitrogen source	r

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
uncultured bacterium	C7ACH5	from soil, the lyr gene may have recently evolved from Escherichia coli N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase and Deinococcus radiodurans N-acyl amino acid racemase, the partial regions of both enzymes might have been combined to evolve a novel enzyme, in which the new catalytic sites are created for catalyzing the racemization of lysine	-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	enzyme is incubated in 1 ml of reaction mixture containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 2 mM cobalt chloride and 10 mM L- or D-lysine at 30°C, Lyr activities in 4 week old wild type and transgenic tobacco plants are determined, the specific activity of Lyr in the transgenic T2 plants selected on L-lysine ranges from 0.77 to 1.06 mU/mg protein, although transgenic plants exhibit considerable variation in enzyme activities, no phenotypic dissimilarities associated with L-lysine selection are found, suggesting that the Lyr gene as a selectable marker could be effective over a range of expression levels	uncultured bacterium

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
L-lysine	-	uncultured bacterium	D-lysine	D-lysine is used by the transgenic plants as nitrogen source	r

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
lyr	-	uncultured bacterium
lysine racemase	-	uncultured bacterium

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
30	-	assay at	uncultured bacterium

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
8	-	assay at	uncultured bacterium

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
uncultured bacterium	to investigate the effect of Lyr expression on the amino acid profile of the host cells, the composition of free amino acids in the leaves of wild-type and transgenic tobacco plants is determined, the results reveal a substantial 40fold and a marginal 4fold increase of free L-aspartate content in the wild-type and transgenic plants, respectively, grown on L-lysine medium as compared to plants grown on medium containing D-lysine or without lysine supplement	additional information

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)