Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from

McInnis, S.; Clemens, S.; Kermode, A.
The ornamental variety, Japanese striped corn, contains high anthocyanin levels and PAL specific activity: Establishing the potential for development of an oral therapeutic (2009), Plant Cell Rep., 28, 503-515.

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Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	at low concentrations of indole butyric acid (0.0001 and 0.001 mM), there is no significant stimulatory effect on PAL specific activity	Zea mays

General Stability

General Stability	Organism
roots retain 90% of their PAL activity after freeze-drying and about 40-60% activity after freeze-drying and a subsequent 15-week storage at 4°C	Zea mays

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
indole butyric acid	at concentrations higher than 0.001 mM there is inhibitory effect on PAL specific activity	Zea mays

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Zea mays	Q8VXG7	cultivars Japanese Striped corn and Indian Blue corn	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
additional information	dry seeds of both varieties have no PAL activity	Zea mays	-
root	the root tissues of the corn variety Japanese Striped corn contain greater levels of PAL gene transcripts and PAL activities, compared to those of the shoot tissues	Zea mays	-
seedling	the PAL activity of young seedlings of the corn variety Indian Blue corn is generally 30-50% lower than those of cultivar Japanese Striped corn seedlings at equivalent growth stages	Zea mays	-
shoot	the shoot tissues of the corn variety Japanese Striped corn contain lower levels of PAL gene transcripts and PAL activities, compared to those of the root tissues	Zea mays	-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
0.0256	-	average PAL-specific activity of roots from 46-days-old plants	Zea mays

Storage Stability

Storage Stability	Organism
22°C, freeze-dried root material, approximately 67% loss of activity	Zea mays

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
L-phenylalanine	-	Zea mays	(E)-cinnamate + NH3	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
EC 4.3.1.5	formerly	Zea mays
PAL	-	Zea mays

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)