Literature summary for 4.2.3.16 extracted from

Munoz-Bertomeu, J.; Ros, R.; Arrillaga, I.; Segura, J.
Expression of spearmint limonene synthase in transgenic spike lavender results in an altered monoterpene composition in developing leaves (2008), Metab. Eng., 10, 166-177.

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
agriculture	putative production of transgenic aromatic plants overexpressing monoterpene synthases	Mentha spicata
industry	limonene is an aromatic component in numerous products like beverages and cosmetics	Mentha spicata

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of spike lavender is carried out and the transgenic Lavandula latifolia plants express the limonene synthase gene from Mentha spicata. Expression of limonene synthase in transgenic spike lavender results in an altered monoterpene composition in developing leaves, but does not consistently affect essential oil profile in pooled leaves and flowers of transgenic generation T0.	Mentha spicata

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of spike lavender is carried out and the transgenic Lavandula latifolia plants express the limonene synthase gene from Mentha spicata. Expression of limonene synthase in transgenic spike lavender results in an altered monoterpene composition in developing leaves, but does not consistently affect essential oil profile in pooled leaves and flowers of transgenic generation T0.

Mentha spicata

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
plastid	-	Mentha spicata	9536	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
geranyl diphosphate	Mentha spicata	step 3 and 4 of monoterpene biosynthesis, geranyl diphosphate is first ionized and isomerized to produce linalyl diphosphate, which either produces the acyclic monoterpenes or the alpha-terpinyl cation, the universal intermediate for cyclic monoterpenes and transformation of the parent structures to various derivatives	limonene + diphosphate	limonene is a cyclic monoterpene, minor constituent of the spike lavender oil	?
additional information	Mentha spicata	overexpression of the LS does not alter the photosynthetic pigment content of spike lavender leaves	?	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Mentha spicata	-	transgenic spike lavender plants expressing the limonene synthase gene from spearmint	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
flower	-	Mentha spicata	-
leaf	the first two pairs of leaves from 40-day-old seedlings are used as primary explants for transformation	Mentha spicata	-
seed	from natural populations, germinated under sterile conditions	Mentha spicata	-
stem	-	Mentha spicata	-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	increase in the expression of the spearmint LS cDNA at the different leaf developmental stages is accompanied with increases in the limonene content of transgenic spike lavender lines	Mentha spicata
additional information	-	leaves of transgenic plants contain increased limonene contents (more than 450% increase compared to controls) that correlates with the highest transcript accumulation of the LS gene.	Mentha spicata
additional information	-	the effect of the LS expression on oil composition decreases with leaf age as compared to the control	Mentha spicata
additional information	-	transgenic T0 spike lavender lines overexpressing MsLS show quantitative and qualitative alterations in their terpene profiles, particularly increased amounts of limonene as compared to controls (from 19.05% to 53.97% and from 12.50% to 83.33% in pooled leaves and flowers, respectively). The levels of other monoterpene pathway components are not consistently altered in either leaf or flower oils	Mentha spicata

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
geranyl diphosphate	step 3 and 4 of monoterpene biosynthesis, geranyl diphosphate is first ionized and isomerized to produce linalyl diphosphate, which either produces the acyclic monoterpenes or the alpha-terpinyl cation, the universal intermediate for cyclic monoterpenes and transformation of the parent structures to various derivatives	Mentha spicata	limonene + diphosphate	limonene is a cyclic monoterpene, minor constituent of the spike lavender oil	?
additional information	overexpression of the LS does not alter the photosynthetic pigment content of spike lavender leaves	Mentha spicata	?	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
limonene synthase	-	Mentha spicata
LS	-	Mentha spicata
MsLS	-	Mentha spicata