Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene npp1, ectopic expression in transgenic rice suspension cells | Oryza sativa |
gene npp2, screening of a rice shoot cDNA library and cDNAs sequencing encoding NPP isozyme genes, ectopic expression of npp2 in transgenic rice suspension cells | Oryza sativa |
gene npp6, screening of a rice shoot cDNA library and cDNAs sequencing encoding NPP isozyme genes, ectopic expression of npp6 in transgenic rice suspension cells | Oryza sativa |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | generation of an npp1 knockout mutant, that shows shoots and roots larger than those of wild-type seedlings. The starch content in the npp1 mutant shoots is higher than that of wild-type shoots. Growth and starch accumulation are also enhanced under an atmospheric CO2 concentration (40 Pa) when plants were cultured under a 33°C/28°C regime | Oryza sativa |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.3 | - |
ADP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.5 | - |
diphosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.5 | - |
UDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.5 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.7 | - |
ADP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.8 | - |
GDP-mannose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.8 | - |
ADP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.8 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.9 | - |
CDP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
0.9 | - |
GDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
1.1 | - |
ATP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
1.1 | - |
TDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
1.2 | - |
UDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
1.4 | - |
ADP-ribose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
1.5 | - |
UDP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
1.6 | - |
UDP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
1.8 | - |
TDP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
1.9 | - |
CDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
2.1 | - |
ATP | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
2.1 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
2.2 | - |
diphosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
2.2 | - |
IDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
2.6 | - |
TDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
2.6 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
3 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
3 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
4.3 | - |
ADP | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | the enzyme shows no requirement for a metal ion | Oryza sativa |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
70000 | - |
x * 70000, recombinant isozyme NPP1, SDS-PAGE | Oryza sativa |
71000 | - |
x * 71000, recombinant isozyme NPP2, SDS-PAGE | Oryza sativa |
74000 | - |
x * 74000, recombinant isozyme NPP6, SDS-PAGE | Oryza sativa |
224000 | - |
recombinant isozyme NPP6, gel filtration | Oryza sativa |
251000 | - |
recombinant isozyme NPP1, gel filtration | Oryza sativa |
374000 | - |
recombinant isozyme NPP2, gel filtration | Oryza sativa |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Oryza sativa | - |
gene npp6 | - |
Oryza sativa | I4DHV7 | NPP2; gene npp2 | - |
Oryza sativa | Q6ZI95 | NPP1; gene npp1 | - |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
callus | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
leaf | mature | Oryza sativa | - |
additional information | isozyme NPP1 is widely expressed in shoots, young roots, scutella, mature leaves and roots, but not in calli | Oryza sativa | - |
additional information | isozyme NPP6 is expressed in the whole plant and also in calli | Oryza sativa | - |
root | young | Oryza sativa | - |
root | isozyme NPP2 is predominantly expressed in roots | Oryza sativa | - |
scutellum | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
seedling | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
shoot | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + H2O | 31% of the activity with ADP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + H2O | 44% of the activity with ADP-glucose | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + H2O | 81% of the activity with UDP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
ADP + H2O | best substrate | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
ADP + H2O | 40% of the activity with ADP-glucose | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
ADP + H2O | 87% of the activity with UDP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
ADP-glucose + H2O | best substrate | Oryza sativa | AMP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | - |
? | |
ADP-glucose + H2O | 65% of the activity with ADP | Oryza sativa | AMP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | - |
? | |
ADP-ribose + H2O | 99% of the activity with ADP-glucose | Oryza sativa | AMP + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate | - |
? | |
ATP + H2O | - |
Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
ATP + H2O | 81% of the activity with ADP-glucose | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O | - |
Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O | 32% of the activity with UDP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O | 35% of the activity with UDP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
CDP + H2O | 56% of the activity with UDP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
CDP-glucose + H2O | 77% of the activity with ADP-glucose | Oryza sativa | CMP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | - |
? | |
diphosphate + H2O | - |
Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
diphosphate + H2O | 59% of the activity with ADP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
GDP + H2O | 38% of the activity with UDP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
GDP-mannose + H2O | 76% of the activity with ADP-glucose | Oryza sativa | GMP + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate | - |
? | |
IDP + H2O | 48% of the activity with UDP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | isozyme NPP1 exhibits hydrolytic activities toward ATP, UDP-glucose and the starch precursor molecule, ADP-glucose, no activity with hexose phosphates and mononucleotides | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | isozyme NPP2 does not recognize nucleotide sugars as substrates, but hydrolyzed UDP, ADP and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, no activity with hexose phosphates and mononucleotides | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | isozyme NPP6 exhibits hydrolytic activities toward ATP, UDP-glucose and the starch precursor molecule, ADP-glucose, no activity with hexose phosphates and mononucleotides | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
TDP + H2O | 27% of the activity with ADP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
TDP + H2O | 40% of the activity with UDP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
TDP-glucose + H2O | 15% of the activity with ADP | Oryza sativa | tMP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | - |
? | |
TDP-glucose + H2O | 82% of the activity with ADP-glucose | Oryza sativa | tMP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | - |
? | |
UDP + H2O | best substrate | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
UDP + H2O | 68% of the activity with ADP | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
UDP-glucose + H2O | 25% of the activity with ADP | Oryza sativa | UMP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | - |
? | |
UDP-glucose + H2O | 77% of the activity with ADP-glucose | Oryza sativa | UMP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
oligomer | x * 70000, recombinant isozyme NPP1, SDS-PAGE | Oryza sativa |
oligomer | x * 71000, recombinant isozyme NPP2, SDS-PAGE | Oryza sativa |
oligomer | x * 74000, recombinant isozyme NPP6, SDS-PAGE | Oryza sativa |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
NPP1 | - |
Oryza sativa |
NPP2 | - |
Oryza sativa |
NPP6 | - |
Oryza sativa |
nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase | - |
Oryza sativa |
nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 | - |
Oryza sativa |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
55 | - |
isozyme NPP6 | Oryza sativa |
60 | - |
isozyme NPP1 | Oryza sativa |
60 | - |
isozyme NPP2 | Oryza sativa |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 8 | GDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
34 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
40 | - |
diphosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
71 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
76 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
79 | - |
diphosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
80 | - |
ATP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
81 | - |
TDP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
83 | - |
ADP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
87 | - |
TDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
88 | - |
IDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
89 | - |
CDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
101 | - |
UDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
104 | - |
UDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
115 | - |
UDP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
124 | - |
TDP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
125 | - |
CDP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
130 | - |
ADP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
151 | - |
GDP-mannose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
214 | - |
ADP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
223 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
282 | - |
UDP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
308 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
329 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
370 | - |
ADP-ribose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
415 | - |
ATP | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
449 | - |
ADP | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
4 | 5 | isozyme NPP6 | Oryza sativa |
4.5 | - |
isozyme NPP2 | Oryza sativa |
6 | - |
isozyme NPP1 | Oryza sativa |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | an npp1 knockout mutant shows shoots and roots larger than those of wild-type seedlings. The starch content in the npp1 mutant shoots is higher than that of wild-type shoots. Growth and starch accumulation are also enhanced under an atmospheric CO2 concentration (40 Pa) when plants were cultured under a 33°C/28°C regime, phenotype, overview. Downregulation of isozyme NPP1 expression is not accompanied by enhancement of AGPase, UGPase and sucrose synthase activities | Oryza sativa |
physiological function | the enzyme exerts a negative effect on starch accumulation and growth in rice seedlings under high temperature and CO2 concentration conditions. Isozyme NPP1 is a major determinant of ADP-glucose hydrolytic activity in rice shoots | Oryza sativa |
kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 | - |
diphosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
27 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
32 | - |
GDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
34 | - |
TDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
40 | - |
IDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
45 | - |
TDP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
47 | - |
CDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
68 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
72 | - |
UDP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
73 | - |
ATP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
81 | - |
TDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
84 | - |
UDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
93 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
103 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
104.5 | - |
ADP | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
109.7 | - |
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
139 | - |
CDP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
171.5 | - |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
175 | - |
diphosphate | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
186 | - |
ADP-glucose | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
188 | - |
UDP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
189 | - |
GDP-mannose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
198 | - |
ATP | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
203 | - |
UDP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
206 | - |
TDP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
264.3 | - |
ADP-ribose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
267.5 | - |
ADP-glucose | pH 6.0, 37°C | Oryza sativa | |
297 | - |
ADP | pH 4.5, 37°C | Oryza sativa |