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Literature summary for 3.4.24.83 extracted from

  • Moayeri, M.; Crown, D.; Dorward, D.W.; Gardner, D.; Ward, J.M.; Li, Y.; Cui, X.; Eichacker, P.; Leppla, S.H.
    The heart is an early target of anthrax lethal toxin in mice: a protective role for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (2009), PLoS Pathog., 5, e1000456.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
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Application

Application Comment Organism
medicine neuronal nitric oxide synthase deficiency in mice causes strikingly increased sensitivity to anthrax lethal toxin, while deficiencies in NOS enzymes iNOS and eNOS have no effect on anthrax lethal toxin-mediated mortality. The increased sensitivity of nNOS2/2 mice is independent of macrophage sensitivity to toxin, or cytokine responses, and can be replicated in nNOS-sufficient wild-type mice through pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme with 7-nitroindazole. Anthrax lethal toxin induces architectural changes in heart morphology of nNOS2/2 mice, with rapid appearance of novel inter-fiber spaces but no associated apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Anthrax lethal toxin-treated wild-type mice have no histopathology observed at the light microscopy level. Electron microscopic analyses reveal striking pathological changes in the hearts of both nNOS2/2 and wild-type mice, varying only in severity and timing. Endothelial andcapillary necrosis and degeneration, inter-myocyte edema, myofilament and mitochondrial degeneration, and altered sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae are observed in both anthrax lethal toxin-treated wild-type and nNOS2/2 mice. Biomarkers of cardiac injury, myoglobin, cardiac troponin-I, and heart fatty acid binding protein, are elevated in anthrax lethal toxin-treated mice very rapidly and reach concentrations rarely reported in mice. The potent nitric oxide scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxy-3-oxide, i.e. carboxy-PTIO, shows some protective effect against anthrax lethal toxin Bacillus anthracis

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Bacillus anthracis
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Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining