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Literature summary for 3.2.2.27 extracted from

  • Visnes, T.; Doseth, B.; Pettersen, H.; Hagen, L.; Sousa, M.; Akbari, M.; Otterlei, M.; Kavli, B.; Slupphaug, G.; Krokan, H.
    Uracil in DNA and its processing by different DNA glycosylases (2009), Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 364, 563-568.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 3.2.2.27

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
when expressed in Escherichia coli cells, SMUG1 is unable to repair U:G mismatches induced by AID, inhibits proliferation and cannot reduce mutation rates, unlike UNG2 which alleviates the effects of AID Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information Ung knockout, Smug1 siRNA knockdown and Ung knockout/Smug1 knockdown mouse cells show that Smug1 and Ung2 are both required for the prevention of mutations and that their functions are not redundant Mus musculus

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
mitochondrion isozyme UNG1 Mus musculus 5739
-
mitochondrion isozyme UNG1 Homo sapiens 5739
-
nucleus isozyme UNG2 Mus musculus 5634
-
nucleus isozyme UNG2 Homo sapiens 5634
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Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
additional information Mus musculus uracil in single-stranded DNA, resulting from incorporation of dUMP during replication and from spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of cytosine, causing U:A pairs or U:G mismatches, respectively, has to be removed by the enzyme. Nuclear UNG2 is apparently the sole contributor to the post-replicative repair of U:A lesions and to the removal of uracil from U:G contexts in immunoglobulin genes as part of somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination processes in adaptive immunity. UNG2 and SMUG1 contribute to U:G repair. UNG2 is highly specific for uracil, SMUG1 also efficiently removes 5-hydroxymethyluracil ?
-
 ?
additional information Homo sapiens uracil in single-stranded DNA, resulting from incorporation of dUMP during replication and from spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of cytosine, causing U:A pairs or U:G mismatches, respectively, has to be removed by the enzyme. Nuclear UNG2 is apparently the sole contributor to the post-replicative repair of U:A lesions and to the removal of uracil from U:G contexts in immunoglobulin genes as part of somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination processes in adaptive immunity. UNG2 and SMUG1 contribute to U:G repair. UNG2 is highly specific for uracil, SMUG1 also efficiently removes 5-hydroxymethyluracil ?
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens
-
 mitochondrial UNG1 and nuclear UNG2 are both encoded by the UNG gene
-
Mus musculus
-
 mitochondrial UNG1 and nuclear UNG2 are both encoded by the UNG gene
-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
phosphoprotein UNG2 also undergoes sequential phosphorylations at Ser23, Thr60 and Ser64 during the cell cycle. Monophosphorylation at Ser23 in the G1/early S-phase apparently increases association with RPA and replicating chromatin and markedly increases the catalytic turnover number Mus musculus
phosphoprotein UNG2 also undergoes sequential phosphorylations at Ser23, Thr60 and Ser64 during the cell cycle. Monophosphorylation at Ser23 in the G1/early S-phase apparently increases association with RPA and replicating chromatin and markedly increases the catalytic turnover number Homo sapiens

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
additional information UNG2 is cell-cycle regulated with the highest protein level in early to mid-S-phase, in agreement with its role in the repair of incorporated uracils Mus musculus
-
additional information UNG2 is cell-cycle regulated with the highest protein level in early to mid-S-phase, in agreement with its role in the repair of incorporated uracils Homo sapiens
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
additional information
-
 low catalytic turnover of SMUG1 compared with UNG-type enzymes Mus musculus
additional information
-
 low catalytic turnover of SMUG1 compared with UNG-type enzymes Homo sapiens

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
additional information uracil in single-stranded DNA, resulting from incorporation of dUMP during replication and from spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of cytosine, causing U:A pairs or U:G mismatches, respectively, has to be removed by the enzyme. Nuclear UNG2 is apparently the sole contributor to the post-replicative repair of U:A lesions and to the removal of uracil from U:G contexts in immunoglobulin genes as part of somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination processes in adaptive immunity. UNG2 and SMUG1 contribute to U:G repair. UNG2 is highly specific for uracil, SMUG1 also efficiently removes 5-hydroxymethyluracil Mus musculus ?
-
 ?
additional information uracil in single-stranded DNA, resulting from incorporation of dUMP during replication and from spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of cytosine, causing U:A pairs or U:G mismatches, respectively, has to be removed by the enzyme. Nuclear UNG2 is apparently the sole contributor to the post-replicative repair of U:A lesions and to the removal of uracil from U:G contexts in immunoglobulin genes as part of somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination processes in adaptive immunity. UNG2 and SMUG1 contribute to U:G repair. UNG2 is highly specific for uracil, SMUG1 also efficiently removes 5-hydroxymethyluracil Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
additional information SMUG1 binds tightly to AP sites and inhibits cleavage by AP-endonucleases Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
SMUG1
-
 Homo sapiens
UDG
-
 Mus musculus
UDG
-
 Homo sapiens
UNG1
-
 Homo sapiens
UNG2
-
 Homo sapiens