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Literature summary for 3.1.4.4 extracted from

  • Brandenburg, L.O.; Pufe, T.; Koch, T.
    Role of phospholipase d in G-protein coupled receptor function (2014), Membranes, 4, 302-318.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 3.1.4.4

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
-
 Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
calphostin C the lower affinity first generation inhibitor does not distinguish between isozymes PLD1 and 2 Homo sapiens
curcumin the lower affinity first generation inhibitor does not distinguish between isozymes PLD1 and 2 Homo sapiens
halopemide the higher affinity second generation inhibitor does not distinguish between isozymes PLD1 and 2 Homo sapiens

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
endosome isozyme PLD1 Homo sapiens 5768
-
Golgi apparatus isozyme PLD1 Homo sapiens 5794
-
intracellular isozyme PLD1 is found throughout the cell, but primarily localizes to intracellular compartments, including the Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and the perinuclear region Homo sapiens 5622
-
membrane raft isozyme PLD1 and isozyme PLD2, the latter is almost exclusively present at the plasma membrane in lipid raft fractions Homo sapiens 45121
-
additional information PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes associate with membrane receptors including G-protein coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases or integrins Homo sapiens
-
-
perinuclear region isozyme PLD1 Homo sapiens
-
-
plasma membrane isozyme PLD2 is almost exclusively present at the plasma membrane in lipid raft fractions Homo sapiens 5886
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
phosphatidylcholine + H2O Homo sapiens
-
 choline + phosphatidate
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens
-
 two splice variants, PLD1 and PLD2
-

Reaction

Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate catalytic mechanisms of PLD isozymes, overview Homo sapiens
a

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
brain
-
 Homo sapiens
-
chondrocyte articular Homo sapiens
-
heart
-
 Homo sapiens
-
leukocyte
-
 Homo sapiens
-
liver
-
 Homo sapiens
-
additional information ubiquitous expression of isozymes PLD1 and PLD2, isozyme PLD1 exhibits low expression in peripheral blood leukocytes and synovial tissue, and isozyme PLD2 is poorly expressed in liver, skeletal muscle, and articular chondrocytes Homo sapiens
-
peripheral blood
-
 Homo sapiens
-
skeletal muscle
-
 Homo sapiens
-
spleen
-
 Homo sapiens
-
synovial tissue
-
 Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
phosphatidylcholine + H2O
-
 Homo sapiens choline + phosphatidate
-
 ?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
More domain structures of PLD isozymes, overview. The PLD isozymes contain N-terminal PX and PH domains and the highly conserved domains I-IV. The domains II and IV contain HKD sequence motifs that are necessary for catalytic activity. N-terminal to domain III is a well conserved basic sequence that binds PI(4,5)P2. Isozyme PLD1 is distinguished by a loop region that seems to contribute to the regulation of isozyme PLD1 activity Homo sapiens

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
phospholipid-specific phosphodiesterase
-
 Homo sapiens
PLD
-
 Homo sapiens

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
additional information both PLD isozymes associate with membrane receptors including G-protein coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases or integrins, which all mediate signalling of PLD activation Homo sapiens
physiological function involvement of the enzyme in the receptor endocytosis and recycling of many G-protein coupled receptors e.g., opioid, formyl or dopamine receptors. The enzyme plays an important function in cell regulation and receptor trafficking. Protein kinases and GTP binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation and Rho families regulate the two mammalian PLD isoforms 1 and 2. The enzyme and its product phosphatidic acid are implicated in a wide range of physiological processes and diseases including inflammation, diabetes, oncogenesis or neurodegeneration. Analysis of mechanism and regulation of the enzyme in the context of membrane located G-protein coupled receptor function, overview Homo sapiens