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Literature summary for 3.1.4.4 extracted from
- Phospholipase D signalling and its involvement in neurite outgrowth (2009), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1791, 898-904.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARF protein | ARF family small GTPases, which are composed of six isoforms, ARF1-6 act as PLD activators, they activates PLD1 and PLD2. ARFs are myristoylated at their N-terminal glycine residue and this lipid modification is required to fully activate PLD1 [11,12]. In the ARF-dependent activation of PLD1, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-disphosphate is an essential cofactor. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-disphosphate act as cofactors and bind to the PX domain, which is also responsible for protein-protein interactions. PLD2 directly interacts with the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase | Mus musculus | |
| ARF protein | ARF family small GTPases, which are composed of six isoforms, ARF1-6 act as PLD activators, they activates PLD1 and PLD2. ARFs are myristoylated at their N-terminal glycine residue and this lipid modification is required to fully activate PLD1 [11,12]. In the ARF-dependent activation of PLD1, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-disphosphate is an essential cofactor. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-disphosphate act as cofactors and bind to the PX domain, which is also responsible for protein-protein interactions. PLD2 directly interacts with the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase | Homo sapiens | |
| ARF protein | ARF family small GTPases, which are composed of six isoforms, ARF1-6 act as PLD activators, they activates PLD1 and PLD2. ARFs are myristoylated at their N-terminal glycine residue and this lipid modification is required to fully activate PLD1 [11,12]. In the ARF-dependent activation of PLD1, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-disphosphate is an essential cofactor. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-disphosphate act as cofactors and bind to the PX domain, which is also responsible for protein-protein interactions. PLD2 directly interacts with the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase | Rattus norvegicus | |
| Grb2 protein | directly interacts with and activates PLD2 through its SH2 domain, which in turn activates ERK1/2, upon EGF stimulation | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | in some physiological settings, the PLD2 activity appears to be regulated by the classical MAP kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway | Mus musculus | |
| additional information | in some physiological settings, the PLD2 activity appears to be regulated by the classical MAP kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway | Rattus norvegicus | |
| additional information | in some physiological settings, the PLD2 activity appears to be regulated by the classical MAP kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. In neutrophilic HL-60 cells and HEK 293T cells stably expressing fMLP receptors, PLD2 is activated through ERK1/2 MAP kinase upon fMLP stimulation | Homo sapiens |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| neurite | regulation of neurite outgrowth by PLD, overview | Mus musculus | - |
- |
| neurite | regulation of neurite outgrowth by PLD, overview | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
| neurite | regulation of neurite outgrowth by PLD, overview | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
isozymes PLD1 and PLD2, and two splice variants of PLD1, PLD1a and PLD1b | - |
| Mus musculus | - |
isozymes PLD1 and PLD2, and two splice variants of PLD1, PLD1a and PLD1b | - |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
isozymes PLD1 and PLD2, and two splice variants of PLD1, PLD1a and PLD1b | - |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| HeLa cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| neuron | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| neuron | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| neuron | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | except for PLD2c, all PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes contain the catalytic core regions comprised of highly conserved domain I-IV. In domains II and IV, the enzymes contain two HxKxxxxD sequences designated HKD motifs, which are essential for enzymatic catalysis | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? |  |
| additional information | except for PLD2c, all PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes contain the catalytic core regions comprised of highly conserved domain I-IV. In domains II and IV, the enzymes contain two HxKxxxxD sequences designated HKD motifs, which are essential for enzymatic catalysis | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | except for PLD2c, all PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes contain the catalytic core regions comprised of highly conserved domain I-IV. In domains II and IV, the enzymes contain two HxKxxxxD sequences designated HKD motifs, which are essential for enzymatic catalysis | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| More | except for PLD2c, all PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes contain the catalytic core regions comprised of highly conserved domain I-IV. In domains II and IV, the enzymes contain two HxKxxxxD sequences designated HKD motifs, which are essential for enzymatic catalysis | Mus musculus |
| More | except for PLD2c, all PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes contain the catalytic core regions comprised of highly conserved domain I-IV. In domains II and IV, the enzymes contain two HxKxxxxD sequences designated HKD motifs, which are essential for enzymatic catalysis | Homo sapiens |
| More | except for PLD2c, all PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes contain the catalytic core regions comprised of highly conserved domain I-IV. In domains II and IV, the enzymes contain two HxKxxxxD sequences designated HKD motifs, which are essential for enzymatic catalysis | Rattus norvegicus |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| PLD | - |
Mus musculus |
| PLD | - |
Homo sapiens |
| PLD | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| physiological function | different PLD isozymes are likely to serve diverse functions in membrane trafficking, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell growth, differentiation and actin cytoskeletal organization. Regulatory function of PLD, detailed overview. Phospholipase D signalling is involved in neurite outgrowth | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | different PLD isozymes are likely to serve diverse functions in membrane trafficking, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell growth, differentiation and actin cytoskeletal organization. Regulatory function of PLD, detailed overview. Phospholipase D signalling is involved in neurite outgrowth | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | different PLD isozymes are likely to serve diverse functions in membrane trafficking, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell growth, differentiation and actin cytoskeletal organization. Regulatory function of PLD, detailed overview. Phospholipase D signalling is involved in neurite outgrowth | Rattus norvegicus |
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