Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
calpain | activates the PKA holoenzyme in a cAMP-independent fashion. A variety of agents, including inhibitors of the electron transport chain, activate calpain in a Ca2+-dependent manner, which, in turn, catalyzes the proteolysis of the R subunit, thereby releasing the C subunit in its active form, overview | Bos taurus | |
cAMP | exposure of mitochondria to cAMP results in enhanced catalytic subunit catalytic activity. Upon binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunits, the catalytic subunits are released and are thus free to catalyze the phosphorylation of an array of proteins, But cAMP fails to promote R subunit degradation by beta-catenin | Bos taurus | |
additional information | treatment of mitochondria with electron transport chain inhibitors rotenone, antimycin A, sodium azide, and oligomycin, as well as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, elicits enhanced C subunit activity. The catalytic subunit can exist in an inactive state via association with IkappaB in an NF-kappaB-IkappaB-(C subunit) complex. Stimulation of cells with lipopolysaccharide, endotheln-1, or angiotensin II induces IkappaB degradation, resulting in the ensuing C subunit-catalyzed phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 | Bos taurus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | the C subunit is inactivated by Zn2+-metalloprotease-mediated proteolysis | Bos taurus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
mitochondrion | - |
Bos taurus | 5739 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | required | Bos taurus |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Bos taurus | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
proteolytic modification | regulatory subunits of the PKA holoenzyme, but not the catalytic subunits, suffer proteolysis, selectively in a calpain-dependent fashion, upon exposure of bovine heart mitochondria to digitonin, Ca2+, and a myriad of electron transport inhibitors. Attenuation of proteolysis in the presence of calpain inhibitor I. The C subunit is inactivated by Zn2+-metalloprotease-mediated proteolysis | Bos taurus |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
heart | - |
Bos taurus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + NF-kappaB p65 | phosphorylation by the catalytic subunit of PKA | Bos taurus | ADP + phoshorylated NF-kappaB p65 | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
PKA | - |
Bos taurus |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.4 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Bos taurus |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | mitochondrial cAMP-dependent protein kinase is activatable in a cAMP-independent fashion. Signals, originating from cAMP-independent sources, elicit enhanced mitochondrial PKA activity, overview | Bos taurus |