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Literature summary for 2.7.1.105 extracted from

  • Pegoraro, C.; Maczkowiak, F.; Monsoro-Burq, A.H.
    Pfkfb (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase) isoforms display a tissue-specific and dynamic expression during Xenopus laevis development (2013), Gene Expr. Patterns, 13, 203-211.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene Pfkfb1, spatiotemporal expression pattern, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis and phylogenetic analysis Xenopus laevis
gene Pfkfb2, spatiotemporal expression pattern, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis and phylogenetic analysis Xenopus laevis
gene Pfkfb3, spatiotemporal expression pattern, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis and phylogenetic analysis Xenopus laevis
gene Pfkfb4, spatiotemporal expression pattern, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis and phylogenetic analysis Xenopus laevis

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Mg2+ required Xenopus laevis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP + beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate Xenopus laevis
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ADP + beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
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?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Xenopus laevis
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gene/isozyme PFKFB2
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Xenopus laevis
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gene/isozyme PFKFB3
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Xenopus laevis Q5U4Z6 gene/isozyme Pfkfb1
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Xenopus laevis Q6NRY0 gene/isozyme Pfkfb4
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Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
embryo expression pattern of isozyme encoding pfk1, pfkfb1, pfkfb2, pfkfb3, and pfkfb4 genes in Xenopus laevis embryos. Gene pfkfb transcripts expression is overlapping at blastula and gastrula stages and from neurulation to tadpole stages, they display tissue-specific, complementary and dynamic developmental expression patterns. At the tailbud stage, pfkfb1 is mainly expressed in the somites and in the head. At tadpole stage 26, pfkfb1 is expressed in the somites, in the spinal cord, in the notochord and in the head, and at tadpole stage 40, pfkfb1 is expressed in head mesenchyme, the somites, the spinal cord, the pronephros and the dorsal fin Xenopus laevis
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embryo expression pattern of isozyme encoding pfk1, pfkfb1, pfkfb2, pfkfb3, and pfkfb4 genes in Xenopus laevis embryos. Gene pfkfb transcripts expression is overlapping at blastula and gastrula stages and from neurulation to tadpole stages, they display tissue-specific, complementary and dynamic developmental expression patterns. At the tailbud stage, Pfkfb2 is not detected above background. At tadpole stage 26, pfkfb2 was expressed in the ectoderm, the neural tube and the pronephros, with a low expression in the lateral somite, and at tadpole stage 40, pfkfb2 is expressed in head mesenchyme, neural tube, pronephros and at low levels in the somites Xenopus laevis
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embryo expression pattern of isozyme encoding pfk1, pfkfb1, pfkfb2, pfkfb3, and pfkfb4 genes in Xenopus laevis embryos. Gene pfkfb transcripts expression is overlapping at blastula and gastrula stages and from neurulation to tadpole stages, they display tissue-specific, complementary and dynamic developmental expression patterns. At the tailbud stage, pfkfb4 is expressed in the cement gland, in the spinal cord, in the somites and in the ventral blood island. At tadpole stage 26, pfkfb4 is detected in the somites and in the cement gland, and at tadpole stage 40, Pfkfb4 is expressed in the somites, the spinal cord, the notochord, the dorsal fin and the head of the embryo Xenopus laevis
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embryo expression pattern of isozyme encoding pfk1, pfkfb1, pfkfb2, pfkfb3, and pfkfb4 genes in Xenopus laevis embryos.Gene pfkfb transcripts expression is overlapping at blastula and gastrula stages and from neurulation to tadpole stages, they display tissue-specific, complementary and dynamic developmental expression patterns. At the tailbud stage, pfkfb3 is mainly found in the spinal cord and at lower level in the notochord and in the somites. At tadpole stage 26, pfkfb3 is found in the somites and at lower levels in the spinal cord and in the notochord, and at tadpole stage 40, Pfkfb3 is expressed in the spinal cord, the notochord and the dorsal fin, and at a low level in the somites Xenopus laevis
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additional information Pfkfb enzymes are overexpressed in different cancer cell lines, like melanoma, prostate, pancreatic and gastric cancer cells and mammary gland malignant cells Xenopus laevis
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP + beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate
-
Xenopus laevis ADP + beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase
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Xenopus laevis
PFKFB
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Xenopus laevis
PFKFB1
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Xenopus laevis
PFKFB2
-
Xenopus laevis
PFKFB3
-
Xenopus laevis
PFKFB4
-
Xenopus laevis

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
ATP
-
Xenopus laevis

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution Pfkfb (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase) enzymes are bi-functional enzymes encoded by four different genes (pfkfb1, pfkfb2, pfkfb3, pfkfb4) in vertebrates, phylogenetic analysis of Pfkfb enzymes in vertebrates, overview Xenopus laevis
physiological function the enzyme is involved in the regulation of glycolysis, it catalyzes the synthesis and the degradation of beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, the most potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase 1 (Pfk1), a key glycolytic enzyme. By producing fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, Pfkfb enzymes allow glycolysis to proceed, while by degrading fructose 2,6-bisphosphate they block glycolysis. As major regulators of glycolysis, Pfkfb enzymes are involved in cancer: tumor cells have a higher glycolytic rate compared to normal cells, even in the presence of adequate oxygen levels (Warburg effect) and several cancer cell lines express elevated levels of Pfkfb enzymes Xenopus laevis