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Literature summary for 2.4.1.46 extracted from
- Type A and type B monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases are spatially and functionally separated in the plastids of higher plants (2009), Plant Physiol. Biochem., 47, 518-525.
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | isolation of loss-of-function mutant atMGD3. During etiolated growth in darkness, mgd1-2 seedlings show hypocotyl elongation and root growth, although they are smaller than the wild-type | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| additional information | isolation of loss-of-function mutant of atMGD2. During etiolated growth in darkness, mgd1-2 seedlings show hypocotyl elongation and root growth, although they are smaller than the wild-type | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chloroplast envelope | - |
Cucumis sp. | 9941 | - |
| chloroplast envelope | isozyme MGD1 in the inner envelope | Arabidopsis thaliana | 9941 | - |
| chloroplast envelope | isozyme MGD2 in the outer envelope | Arabidopsis thaliana | 9941 | - |
| chloroplast envelope | isozyme MGD3 in the outer envelope | Arabidopsis thaliana | 9941 | - |
| microsome | - |
Cucumis sp. | - |
- |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 47000 | - |
x * 47000, SDS-PAGE | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 47000 | - |
x * 47000, SDS-PAGE | Cucumis sp. |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
type A isozyme MGD1 | - |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | O82730 | type B isozyme MGD2 | - |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9SI93 | MGD3; type B isozyme MGD3 | - |
| Cucumis sp. | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| native isozyme from chloroplast envelope membranes from leaf samples | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| native isozymes from chloroplast envelope membranes from leaf samples | Cucumis sp. |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| cotyledon | - |
Cucumis sp. | - |
| leaf | isozyme MGD1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
| leaf | isozyme MGD2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
| leaf | isozyme MGD3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
| root | isozyme MGD2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
| root | isozyme MGD3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
| seedling | - |
Cucumis sp. | - |
| shoot | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 47000, SDS-PAGE | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ? | x * 47000, SDS-PAGE | Cucumis sp. |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| MGD1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MGD2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MGD3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MGDG synthase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MGDG synthase | - |
Cucumis sp. |
| type A monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type A monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase | - |
Cucumis sp. |
| type B monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | cytokinins strongly suppress MGD2 expression in the root, regulation, overview | down |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | cytokinins strongly suppress MGD3 expression in the root, regulation, overview | down |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | expression of MGD2 is induced by phosphate starvation and hydrogen peroxide treatment. Auxin is required for the Pi starvation-induced expression of MGD2, regulation, overview | up |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | expression of MGD3 is induced by phosphate starvation and hydrogen peroxide treatment. Auxin is required for the Pi starvation-induced expression of MGD3, regulation, overview | up |
| Cucumis sp. | in cucumber seedlings, MGDG synthase activity is strongly increased by treatment with greening-promoting factors such as light and cytokinins | up |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | MGD1 expression is induced by light and cytokinin treatment | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| metabolism | the enzyme catalyzes the final step of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthesis in plants, regulation of MGDG synthesis during chloroplast development, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| metabolism | the enzyme catalyzes the final step of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthesis in plants, regulation of MGDG synthesis during chloroplast development, overview | Cucumis sp. |
| physiological function | MGD1 is an inner envelope membrane-associated protein of chloroplasts and is responsible for the bulk of galactolipid biosynthesis in green tissues, overview. MGD1 function is indispensable for thylakoid membrane biogenesis and embryogenesis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | tye B isozyme MGD3 is localized in the outer envelopes and has no important role in chloroplast biogenesis or plant development under nutrient-sufficient conditions, but type B MGD genes are essential for alternative galactolipid biosynthesis during phosphate starvation, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | type B isozyme MGD2 is localized in the outer envelopes and has no important role in chloroplast biogenesis or plant development under nutrient-sufficient conditions, but type B MGD genes are essential for alternative galactolipid biosynthesis during phosphate starvation, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
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