Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ferredoxin | - |
Escherichia coli | |
Ferredoxin | reactivation of inactive enzyme requires reduced ferredoxin, Fe2+-dithiol or Co2+-mercaptoethanol complexes can substitute for ferredoxin | Clostridium butyricum | |
Ferredoxin | reactivation of inactive enzyme requires reduced ferredoxin, Fe2+-dithiol or Co2+-mercaptoethanol complexes can substitute for ferredoxin | Clostridium kluyveri | |
Ferredoxin | reactivation of inactive enzyme requires reduced ferredoxin, Fe2+-dithiol or Co2+-mercaptoethanol complexes can substitute for ferredoxin | Clostridium beijerinckii | |
S-adenosylmethionine | obligatory component of the activation reaction | Escherichia coli | |
S-adenosylmethionine | obligatory component of the activation reaction | Clostridium butyricum | |
S-adenosylmethionine | obligatory component of the activation reaction | Clostridium kluyveri | |
S-adenosylmethionine | obligatory component of the activation reaction | Clostridium beijerinckii |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ADP | - |
Clostridium beijerinckii | |
ADP | - |
Clostridium butyricum | |
ADP | - |
Clostridium kluyveri | |
ATP | regulates pyruvate cleavage to acetyl-CoA and formate, 10 mM reduces the reactin velocity by 95% | Clostridium beijerinckii | |
ATP | regulates pyruvate cleavage to acetyl-CoA and formate, 10 mM reduces the reactin velocity by 95% | Clostridium butyricum | |
ATP | regulates pyruvate cleavage to acetyl-CoA and formate, 10 mM reduces the reactin velocity by 95% | Clostridium kluyveri | |
Cl- | - |
Clostridium beijerinckii | |
Cl- | - |
Clostridium butyricum | |
Cl- | - |
Clostridium kluyveri | |
CoA | inhibits exchange reaction between pyruvate and formate, inhibits formate formation from pyruvate above 0.075 mM | Clostridium beijerinckii | |
CoA | inhibits exchange reaction between pyruvate and formate, inhibits formate formation from pyruvate above 0.075 mM | Clostridium butyricum | |
CoA | inhibits exchange reaction between pyruvate and formate, inhibits formate formation from pyruvate above 0.075 mM | Clostridium kluyveri | |
DEAE-cellulose | treated extracts do not catalyze formate formation from pyruvate | Clostridium beijerinckii | |
DEAE-cellulose | treated extracts do not catalyze formate formation from pyruvate | Clostridium butyricum | |
DEAE-cellulose | treated extracts do not catalyze formate formation from pyruvate | Clostridium kluyveri | |
HPO42- | - |
Clostridium beijerinckii | |
HPO42- | - |
Clostridium butyricum | |
HPO42- | - |
Clostridium kluyveri | |
hypophosphite | strongly inhibits formate formation from pyruvate | Clostridium beijerinckii | |
hypophosphite | strongly inhibits formate formation from pyruvate | Clostridium butyricum | |
hypophosphite | strongly inhibits formate formation from pyruvate | Clostridium kluyveri | |
hypophosphite | - |
Escherichia coli | |
SO42- | - |
Clostridium beijerinckii | |
SO42- | - |
Clostridium butyricum | |
SO42- | - |
Clostridium kluyveri |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.012 | - |
CoA | pyruvate | Clostridium butyricum | |
0.26 | - |
acetyl-CoA | - |
Clostridium butyricum | |
0.6 | - |
pyruvate | pyruvate-formate exchange | Clostridium butyricum | |
1.6 | - |
pyruvate | - |
Clostridium butyricum | |
10 | - |
formate | - |
Clostridium butyricum | |
20 | - |
formate | pyruvate-formate exchange | Clostridium butyricum |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | stimulates pyruvate cleavage about 2fold | Clostridium butyricum | |
Mg2+ | stimulates pyruvate cleavage about 2fold | Clostridium kluyveri | |
Mg2+ | stimulates pyruvate cleavage about 2fold | Clostridium beijerinckii |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pyruvate + CoA | Clostridium sp. | - |
acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | Clostridium butyricum | required for synthesis of C1 units in anabolism | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | Clostridium kluyveri | required for synthesis of C1 units in anabolism | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | Clostridium beijerinckii | required for synthesis of C1 units in anabolism | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | Clostridium butyricum | physiological function is both anabolic and catabolic | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | Escherichia coli | acetyl-CoA for ATP synthesis in catabolism | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | Escherichia coli | acetyl-CoA for ATP synthesis in catabolism | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | Escherichia coli | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | Escherichia coli | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | Enterococcus faecalis | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | Enterococcus faecalis | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | Veillonella parvula | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Clostridium beijerinckii | - |
ATCC 14823 | - |
Clostridium butyricum | - |
ATCC 19398 | - |
Clostridium kluyveri | - |
- |
- |
Clostridium sp. | - |
- |
- |
Enterococcus faecalis | - |
previously Streptococcus faecalis | - |
Escherichia coli | - |
- |
- |
no activity in Clostridium pasteurianum | - |
ATCC 6013 | - |
Veillonella parvula | - |
- |
- |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2-oxobutyrate + CoA | - |
Clostridium butyricum | propionyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
2-oxobutyrate + CoA | - |
Clostridium kluyveri | propionyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
2-oxobutyrate + CoA | - |
Clostridium beijerinckii | propionyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
Escherichia coli | pyruvate + CoA | - |
r | |
acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
Clostridium butyricum | pyruvate + CoA | - |
r | |
acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
Clostridium kluyveri | pyruvate + CoA | - |
r | |
acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
Clostridium beijerinckii | pyruvate + CoA | - |
r | |
additional information | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | phosphate cannot substitute for CoA | Clostridium butyricum | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | phosphate cannot substitute for CoA | Clostridium kluyveri | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | phosphate cannot substitute for CoA | Clostridium beijerinckii | ? | - |
? | |
pyruvate + CoA | - |
Veillonella parvula | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | - |
Clostridium butyricum | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | - |
Clostridium kluyveri | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | - |
Clostridium sp. | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | - |
Clostridium beijerinckii | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | reverse reaction with only 0.1% velocity of the forward reaction | Escherichia coli | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | reverse reaction with only 0.1% velocity of the forward reaction | Escherichia coli | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | no report on the reverse reaction | Enterococcus faecalis | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | no report on the reverse reaction | Enterococcus faecalis | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | required for synthesis of C1 units in anabolism | Clostridium butyricum | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | required for synthesis of C1 units in anabolism | Clostridium kluyveri | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | required for synthesis of C1 units in anabolism | Clostridium beijerinckii | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | physiological function is both anabolic and catabolic | Clostridium butyricum | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | acetyl-CoA for ATP synthesis in catabolism | Escherichia coli | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | acetyl-CoA for ATP synthesis in catabolism | Escherichia coli | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | Escherichia coli | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | Escherichia coli | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | Enterococcus faecalis | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + CoA | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | Enterococcus faecalis | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CoA | catabolic function, leading to production of ATP | Veillonella parvula | acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
ir | |
pyruvate + dephospho-CoA | - |
Clostridium butyricum | dephospho-acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + dephospho-CoA | - |
Clostridium kluyveri | dephospho-acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + dephospho-CoA | - |
Clostridium beijerinckii | dephospho-acetyl-CoA + formate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + formate | carboxyl group exchange reaction | Escherichia coli | formate + pyruvate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + formate | carboxyl group exchange reaction | Enterococcus faecalis | formate + pyruvate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + formate | carboxyl group exchange reaction | Veillonella parvula | formate + pyruvate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + formate | carboxyl group exchange reaction | Clostridium butyricum | formate + pyruvate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + formate | carboxyl group exchange reaction | Clostridium kluyveri | formate + pyruvate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + formate | carboxyl group exchange reaction | Clostridium beijerinckii | formate + pyruvate | - |
r | |
pyruvate + phosphate | - |
Veillonella parvula | acetylphosphate + formate | - |
ir |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7 | 7.5 | Tris-acetate buffer | Clostridium butyricum |
7 | 7.5 | Tris-acetate buffer | Clostridium kluyveri |
7 | 7.5 | Tris-acetate buffer | Clostridium beijerinckii |
7.5 | - |
- |
Clostridium butyricum |
7.5 | - |
- |
Clostridium kluyveri |
7.5 | - |
- |
Clostridium beijerinckii |