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Literature summary for 2.1.1.5 extracted from

  • Pajares, M.A.; Perez-Sala, D.
    Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase: just a regulator of homocysteine metabolism? (2006), Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 63, 2792-2803.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
betaine
-
Rattus norvegicus
betaine elevations in the liver activity Sus scrofa
casein included in liquid diets Rattus norvegicus
choline
-
Rattus norvegicus
choline elevations in the liver activity, whereas it has no effect in the renal enzyme Sus scrofa
cystine
-
Rattus norvegicus
ethanol included in liquid diets Rattus norvegicus
ethanol increases in BHMT activity are only observed when 4-methylpyrazole is included in the treatment Mesocricetus auratus
Insulin is effective in counteracting the stimulation of BHMT activity and mRNA levels produced by triamcinolone in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells Rattus norvegicus
methionine
-
Rattus norvegicus
additional information diet exhibits elevations of hepatic BHMT activity Ovis aries
additional information diet increases BHMT activity with small elevations in expression Rattus norvegicus
Triamcinolone
-
Rattus norvegicus

Application

Application Comment Organism
medicine Zucker diabetic fatty rats show increased BHMT activity and mRNA levels Rattus norvegicus
additional information sequence of the pseudogene BHMT2 shows 97% homology to mouse BHMT Mus musculus

Crystallization (Commentary)

Crystallization (Comment) Organism
-
Rattus norvegicus
by multiple anomalous diffraction Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
G199S in vascular patients with hyperhomocysteinemia Homo sapiens
additional information changes at positions E159 and Y77 show the largest decreases in activity, but D26 and F74 seem to have a role in betaine binding, whereas E21 and C186 also influence L-homocysteine binding Rattus norvegicus
R239Q no significant association with the severity and extent of hyperhomocysteinemia Homo sapiens
R346A shows alterations in the association state Rattus norvegicus
W352A shows alterations in the association state Rattus norvegicus
Y363A shows alterations in the association state Rattus norvegicus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
additional information hypertonicity induces a decrease in BHMT mRNA and protein levels in liver and kidney Cavia porcellus

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.1
-
betaine
-
Homo sapiens
0.12
-
L-homocysteine
-
Homo sapiens
2.4
-
betaine
-
Homo sapiens

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
basolateral plasma membrane
-
Mus musculus 16323
-
canalicular membrane
-
Mus musculus
-
-
cytosol
-
Homo sapiens 5829
-
cytosol
-
Rattus norvegicus 5829
-
cytosol
-
Sus scrofa 5829
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Zn2+
-
Homo sapiens

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
40300
-
sequence analysis of BHMT2 Mus musculus

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Cavia porcellus
-
-
-
Homo sapiens
-
-
-
Macaca mulatta
-
-
-
Mesocricetus auratus
-
-
-
Mus musculus
-
C57BL/6J mice
-
Mus musculus C57/BL6J
-
C57BL/6J mice
-
Ovis aries
-
-
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-
Sus scrofa
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
-
Homo sapiens
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
Sus scrofa

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
H4IIE cell
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
Hep-G2 cell
-
Homo sapiens
-
hepatoma cell
-
Homo sapiens
-
kidney
-
Cavia porcellus
-
kidney
-
Mus musculus
-
kidney very low activity Rattus norvegicus
-
kidney cortex, low activity Sus scrofa
-
kidney low activity, involved in regulation of its tonicity Homo sapiens
-
lens represents 0.5-10% of the total protein, presence of BHMT can be related to its role in betaine removal when osmotic stress disappears, a key process, since osmotic swelling is a major factor in the development of some types of cataracts Macaca mulatta
-
liver
-
Cavia porcellus
-
liver
-
Ovis aries
-
liver very abundant Mus musculus
-
liver very abundant Rattus norvegicus
-
liver very abundant Sus scrofa
-
liver very abundant, involved in regulation of its tonicity Homo sapiens
-
pancreas highest levels of activity Ovis aries
-
proximal tubule
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
proximal tubule
-
Sus scrofa
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-homocysteine + betaine
-
Homo sapiens L-methionine + dimethylglycine
-
?
L-homocysteine + betaine this reaction processes 25% of the cellular L-homocysteine in an in vitro model Rattus norvegicus L-methionine + dimethylglycine
-
?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
tetramer crystallization data and sedimentation velocity experiments Homo sapiens

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
BHMT
-
Cavia porcellus
BHMT
-
Mus musculus
BHMT
-
Homo sapiens
BHMT
-
Rattus norvegicus
BHMT
-
Sus scrofa
BHMT
-
Ovis aries
BHMT
-
Mesocricetus auratus
BHMT
-
Macaca mulatta
BHMT2
-
Mus musculus