Literature summary for 1.14.17.1 extracted from

Hess, C.; McGuirl, M.; Klinman, J.
Mechanism of the insect enzyme, tyramine beta-monooxygenase, reveals differences from the mammalian enzyme, dopamine beta-monooxygenase (2008), J. Biol. Chem., 283, 3042-3049.

Search for more literature for 1.14.17.1

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
TbetaM expressed in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells	Drosophila melanogaster

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
ascorbate	very strong substrate inhibition that is dependent on the level of the co-substrate, O2, and reductant as well as substrate deuteration, substrate inhibition ameliorated at very high ascorbate levels	Drosophila melanogaster
tyramine	rate of ascorbate reduction of the E-Cu(II) form of TbetaM is also reduced at high tyramine	Drosophila melanogaster

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM]	KM Value Maximum [mM]	Substrate	Comment	Organism
0.0252	-	tyramine	at 2 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.0876	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.212 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.088	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.0906	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.094	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.058 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.096	-	tyramine	at 4 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.0976	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.098	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.512 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.113	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.103 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.145	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.159	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.885 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.177	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.119 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.178	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.215 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.188	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.059 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.193	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.039 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.203	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.587 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.215	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.099 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.23	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.231	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.056 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.233	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.235	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.235	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.242	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.245	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.256	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.608 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.257	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.110 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.265	-	tyramine	at 200 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.316	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.598 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.328	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.416 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.341	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.063 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.367	-	tyramine	at 100 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.387	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.854 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.93	-	ascorbate	at 0.05 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
1.98	-	ascorbate	at 0.1 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
5.6	-	ascorbate	at 0.3 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
16	-	ascorbate	at 0.7 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Cu2+	tyramine can bind to either the Cu(I) or Cu(II) forms of TbetaM	Drosophila melanogaster

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Drosophila melanogaster	-	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
by anion exchange and His tag affinity chromatography, and gel filtration	Drosophila melanogaster

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
S2 cell	-	Drosophila melanogaster	-

Storage Stability

Storage Stability	Organism
-80°C	Drosophila melanogaster

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine + ascorbate + O2	-	Drosophila melanogaster	octopamine + dehydroascorbate + H2O	-	?
tyramine + ascorbate + O2	-	Drosophila melanogaster	octopamine + dehydroascorbate + H2O	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
TBetaM	-	Drosophila melanogaster
tyramine beta-monooxygenase	-	Drosophila melanogaster

Ki Value [mM]

Ki Value [mM]	Ki Value maximum [mM]	Inhibitor	Comment	Organism
0.0011	-	ascorbate	at 0.05 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.0018	-	ascorbate	at 0.1 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
0.98	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.885 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
1.23	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
1.25	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.587 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
1.3	-	tyramine	at 4 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
1.57	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.854 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
1.9	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.608 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.03	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.07	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.512 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.1	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.215 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.1	-	tyramine	at 2 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.4	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.46	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.8	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.119 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.8	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.416 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
2.86	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.039 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
3.3	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.598 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
3.33	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.103 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
3.35	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.056 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
3.5	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.212 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
3.5	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
3.6	-	tyramine	at 100 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
3.97	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.099 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
4	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
4.15	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
4.15	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
6	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.110 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
7.4	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.063 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
7.8	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
7.82	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.058 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
10.2	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.059 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster
10.3	-	tyramine	at 200 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila melanogaster

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
physiological function	tyramine beta-monooxygenase is homologous to mammalian dopamine beta-monooxygenase, tighter regulation of neurotransmitter levels by the insect enzyme than in the mammalian homologue	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)

kcat/KM [mM/s]

kcat/KM Value [1/mMs^-1]	kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs^-1]	Substrate	Comment	Organism
0.55	-	ascorbate	at 0.7 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
0.8	-	ascorbate	at 0.3 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14	-	ascorbate	at 0.1 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.38	-	ascorbate	at 0.05 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
4.95	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.056 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
5.8	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.063 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
9.6	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.110 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
10.9	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.119 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
13.5	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
14.3	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.215 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
15.4	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.059 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
19.4	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
19.4	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.416 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
20.1	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.587 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
20.7	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.058 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
24.6	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.598 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
25.5	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.103 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
27.2	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.099 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
29.2	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
31.9	-	tyramine	at 200 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
32.4	-	tyramine	at 100 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
33	-	tyramine	at 4 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
37.8	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
37.8	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
38.6	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.039 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
39.4	-	beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
44.7	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.212 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
45	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
47.7	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
48.2	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.854 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
52	-	tyramine	at 2 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
58.1	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.512 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
58.6	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.608 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
61.7	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.885 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
70	-	tyramine	at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
74.3	-	tyramine	at 10 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C	Drosophila sp. (in: flies)