Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene ZmCAO1, bulked segregant analysis (BSA)-based mapping of the ZmCAO1 gene, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis | Zea mays |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | ZmCAO1 gene disruption by 51 bp pPopin transposon insertion abolishing transcription. Reduced enzyme activity of ZmCAO1 leads to reduced concentrations of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, resulting in the yellow-green leaf phenotype of the ygl mutant. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate are decreased in the ygl mutant, while concentrations of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG) and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) are increased. In addition, a ZmCAO1 mutation results in downregulation of key photosynthetic genes, limits photosynthetic assimilation, and reduces plant height, ear size, kernel weight, and grain yield. Furthermore, the zmcao1 mutant shows enhanced reactive oxygen species production leading to sensitivity to waterlogging. These results demonstrate the pleiotropy of ZmCAO1 function in photosynthesis, grain yield, and waterlogging tolerance in maize. Phenotypes of the ygl and cao1cao1 mutants, detailed overview | Zea mays |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
chloroplast | - |
Zea mays | 9507 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ | Zea mays | second half-reaction | chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+ | - |
? | |
chlorophyllide a + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ | Zea mays | overall reaction | chlorophyllide b + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+ | - |
? | |
chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ | Zea mays | first half-reaction | 71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+ | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Zea mays | A0A3L6GA89 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
leaf | - |
Zea mays | - |
seedling | - |
Zea mays | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ | second half-reaction | Zea mays | chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+ | - |
? | |
chlorophyllide a + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ | overall reaction | Zea mays | chlorophyllide b + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+ | - |
? | |
chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ | first half-reaction | Zea mays | 71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+ | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
CAO1 | - |
Zea mays |
CAO_1 | - |
Zea mays |
chlorophyll a oxygenase 1 | - |
Zea mays |
ZmCAO1 | - |
Zea mays |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | - |
Zea mays |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | the yellow-green leaf (ygl) mutant phenotype is caused by mutation of the gene which encodes a chlorophyll a oxygenase in maize (ZmCAO1). A 51 bp Popin transposon insertion in ZmCAO1 strongly disrupts its transcription. Reduced enzyme activity of ZmCAO1 leads to reduced concentrations of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, resulting in the yellow-green leaf phenotype of the ygl mutant. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate are decreased in the ygl mutant, while concentrations of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG) and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) are increased. In addition, a ZmCAO1 mutation results in downregulation of key photosynthetic genes, limits photosynthetic assimilation, and reduces plant height, ear size, kernel weight, and grain yield. Furthermore, the zmcao1 mutant shows enhanced reactive oxygen species production leading to sensitivity to waterlogging. Pleiotropy of ZmCAO1 function in photosynthesis, grain yield, and waterlogging tolerance in maize | Zea mays |
metabolism | the enzyme CAO plays a role in chlorophyll biosynthesis | Zea mays |
physiological function | chlorophylls function in photosynthesis and are critical to plant developmental processes and responses to environmental stimuli. Chlorophyll b is synthesized from chlorophyll a by chlorophyll a oxygenase (CAO). Chlorophyll a oxygenase 1 gene ZmCAO1 contributes to grain yield and waterlogging tolerance in maize, and the corresponding YGL gene is associated with the development of ear traits and grain yield. ZmCAO1 is involved in the regulation of photosystem, light-harvesting, and the development of endosperm and embryo, large set of genes is involved in photosynthesis and development of kernels | Zea mays |